Ana safarar barkonon tsohuwa, magungunan jabu, man fetur, zinare, bindigogi, mutane, da sauransu ana fataucinsu ta hanyoyin kasuwanci na shekaru aru-aru da suka ratsa yankin Sahel, kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da abokan hulda suna kokarin samar da sabbin hanyoyin hadin gwiwa don dakile masu yunkurin wannan haramtacciyar hanya. matsalar da ke karuwa a wannan yanki na Afirka mai rauni.
A cikin jerin abubuwan farko na binciken yaki da fataucin mutane a yankin Sahel, Labaran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi nazari sosai kan abin da ke kawo ci gaban lamarin.
An yi amfani da yanar gizo mai cike da rudani a cikin yankin Sahel, wanda ke da nisan kusan kilomita 6,000 daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Tekun Red Sea, kuma yana dauke da mutane sama da miliyan 300, a kasashen Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Chadi, Gambia, Guinea, Mali. Mauritania, Nijar, Najeriya, da Senegal.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana yankin Sahel a matsayin yankin da ke cikin rikici: waɗanda ke zaune a can suna cin abinci ga rashin tsaro na yau da kullun, girgizar yanayi, rikici, juyin mulki, da bullar kungiyoyin masu laifi da ta'addanci. Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suna tsammanin hakan fiye da haka 37 mutane miliyan za su bukaci taimakon jin kai a 2023, kusan miliyan 3 fiye da na 2022.
Tsaro mai warwarewa
An dade ana batun tsaro a yankin, sai dai lamarin ya ragu sosai a shekara ta 2011, bayan tsoma bakin sojojin da kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ke yi a kasar Libya, lamarin da ya janyo tada zaune tsaye a kasar.
Rikicin da ya biyo baya, da kuma kan iyakokin da ya rutsa da su ya kawo cikas ga kokarin dakile kwararar haramtattun hanyoyi, kuma masu safarar makamai da aka wawashe na Libya sun shiga cikin yankin Sahel a kan yaki da ta'addanci.
Yanzu haka dai kungiyoyin da ke dauke da makamai suna iko da yankunan kasar Libya, wanda ya zama a cibiyar fataucin. Barazanar ta'addancin ya kara kamari, tare da fitacciyar kungiyar ISIL shiga yankin a shekarar 2015, a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Majalisar Tsaro Babban Darakta na Kwamitin Yaki da Ta'addanci (CTED).
Kasuwannin Sahel ana iya samun su a fili suna sayar da kayayyaki da yawa na haramtattun kayayyaki, tun daga magungunan jabu zuwa bindigogi kirar AK. Magungunan fatauci sau da yawa yana da kisa, wanda aka kiyasta yana kashe 'yan Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara 500,000 a kowace shekara; A cikin yanayi guda kawai, yara 70 na Gambiya sun mutu a cikin 2022 bayan sun sha maganin tari na bogi. Man fetur wani kayan masarufi ne da manyan 'yan wasa ke fataucinsu - kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda, cibiyoyin sadarwa masu laifi, da kuma 'yan bindiga na cikin gida.
Rufe hanyoyin aikata laifuka
Domin yaki da fataucin mutane da sauran matsalolin da ke tasowa, an kafa wata kungiyar kasashe a yankin - Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Nijar, da Chadi, tare da goyon bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Rundunar hadin gwiwa ta rukunin biyar na yankin Sahel (G5 Sahel).
A halin da ake ciki, hadin gwiwa tsakanin iyakokin kasar da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na karuwa. Hukumomin kasar sun kwace tarin haramtattun kayayyaki, kuma matakan shari'a sun wargaza hanyoyin sadarwa. Abokan hulɗa, kamar sabon sa hannu Yarjejeniyar Cote d'Ivoire da Najeriya, suna magance haramtacciyar fataucin miyagun kwayoyi.
Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Magunguna da Laifuka (UNODC) ya kasance jagora a kokarin karfafa tsaro ta hanyar dakatar da yunkurin fataucin.
A cikin 2020, misali, KAFO II, a UNODC-INTERPOL aiki, sun yi nasarar lallasa hanyar da ‘yan ta’addan ke kai wa yankin Sahel, inda jami’ansu suka kwato ganima da dama: bindigu 50, sanduna 40,593, alburusai 6,162, tabar wiwi da khat kilo 1,473, kwalaye 2,263 na miyagun kwayoyi, da lita 60,000 na man fetur. .
Ayyukan lalata irin su KAFO II suna ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da yanayin fataucin da ke daɗa sarƙaƙƙiya da haɗin kai, yana nuna mahimmancin haɗa ɗigo tsakanin shari'o'in laifuffuka da suka shafi bindigogi da 'yan ta'adda a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, da ɗaukar matakan yanki.
Cin hanci da rashawa
Wadannan bayanan an sami goyan bayan sabbin rahotannin UNODC, tsara taswirar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, masu ba da dama, hanyoyi, da iyakokin fataucin, suna bayyana abubuwan gama gari tsakanin rashin zaman lafiya da hargitsi, da ba da shawarwari don aiki.
Daya daga cikin wadannan zaren shi ne cin hanci da rashawa, kuma rahotannin sun bukaci a kara kaimi wajen shari'a. Hakanan ana buƙatar tsarin gidan yarin, saboda wuraren tsare mutane na iya zama "jami'a ga masu laifi" don faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwar su.
François Patuel, shugaban sashin bincike da wayar da kan jama'a na UNODC ya ce: "Laifuka masu tsari suna cin gajiyar rashi da kuma lalata zaman lafiya da ci gaba a yankin Sahel." "Hada yunƙurin da kuma ɗaukar hanyar yanki zai haifar da nasara wajen magance shirya laifuka a yankin."
Rikici yana haifar da 'barazanar duniya'
Yaki da laifuffukan da aka tsara shi ne babban ginshiƙi a cikin faɗuwar yaƙin da ake yi na tunkarar matsalar tsaro a yankin, wanda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Sakatare-Janar António Guterres ya ce yana barazana ga duniya.
"Idan ba a yi wani abu ba, za a ji illar ta'addanci, da tsattsauran ra'ayi, da kuma laifukan da suka dace fiye da yankin da nahiyar Afirka," Mista Guterres ya yi gargadin a shekarar 2022. kokarin da ake yi."
Yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke tallafawa mutanen Sahel
- Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (OHCHR) ya bayar tallafin kai tsaye ga rundunar G5 Sahel don aiki da aiwatar da matakan rage cutar da farar hula da kuma mayar da martani ga cin zarafi.
- UNODC a kai a kai yana shiga abokan tarayya na ƙasa da na duniya, gami da INTERPOL, don shaƙa hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki.
- Hukumar Kula da Hijira ta Duniya (IOM) shirin amsa rikicin da nufin kai kusan mutane miliyan 2 da abin ya shafa yayin da ake magance matsalolin tsarin da ke haifar da rashin zaman lafiya, tare da mai da hankali musamman kan raunin kan iyaka.
- WHO ta kaddamar da wani kira na gaggawa don tallafawa ayyukan kiwon lafiya a yankin a cikin 2022, kuma yana aiki tare da abokan aikin lafiya 350 a kasashe shida.
- Haɗin kai dabarun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel (UNISS) yana ba da jagoranci ga ƙoƙarin kan ƙasa a cikin ƙasashe 10.
- The Shirin Tallafawa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel na ci gaba da haɓaka haɗin kai da haɗin kai don ingantaccen inganci da samar da sakamako masu alaƙa da tsarin UNISS, daidai da Kwamitin Tsaro. ƙuduri na 2391.
© UNICEF/Gilbertson – Sojojin Nijar na sintiri a cikin hamadar sahara suna kai farmaki kan kungiyoyin tsageru da suka hada da ISIL da Boko Haram.
