A wannan makon ne aka tafka ta'asa a lokacin yakin da aka kwashe shekaru biyu ana gwabzawa a kasar Sudan, inda ake hasashe a Washington DC da London. A Amurka, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta sanar da Majalisa a jiya game da matakin da ta dauka kan amfani da makamai masu guba Dakarun Sojin Sudan (SAF) sun fara sanya takunkumi a cikin kwanaki 15. Takunkumin dai ya hada da takunkumin hana fitar da kayayyaki da Amurka ke yi da kuma bayar da kudade ga rundunar sojin Sudan. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta bukaci su "dakatar da duk wani amfani da makamai masu guba tare da kiyaye wajibcinta" a karkashin yarjejeniyar makamai masu guba.
A halin yanzu, a London, masu zanga-zangar sun fito kan tituna kusa da Fadar Westminster. Sun gudanar da zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da makami mai guba a Sudan kuma wasu masu zanga-zangar sun sanya riguna masu launin rawaya kwatankwacin rigar kariya da kuma rufe fuska da makamai masu guba don nuna alamar barazana ga fararen hular Sudan.. Zanga-zangar dai na dauke da tutoci da aka rubuta cikin harsunan Larabci da turanci, wadanda suka bukaci sojojin Sudan (SAF) da su shiga shawarwarin zaman lafiya, wanda har ya zuwa yanzu SAF din ta ki amincewa da hakan. Sun kuma bayyana irin raunin da fararen hula da ba su da kariya daga makamai masu guba. A lokacin da aka yi hira da su, masu zanga-zangar sun ce al'ummar Darfur, wadanda tuni ke fama da yunwa, ba su da damar samun kayan aiki don kare kansu daga harin bama-bamai da makami mai guba na SAF da wasu majiyoyi na Amurka suka ruwaito.
Birtaniya ta yi kira ga SAF da ta hakura. Yin jawabi Zama na 108 na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba a farkon wannan shekarar, wakiliyar dindindin ta Biritaniya a Majalisar, Joanna Roper CMG ta shaida wa wakilan: “Mun damu matuka da rahotannin da ke nuni da cewa sojojin kasar Sudan (SAF) sun yi amfani da makami mai guba a Sudan. Sudan, kamar kowace Jam'iyyar Jiha a Yarjejeniyar Makamai Masu Guba, dole ne ta mutunta wajibcinta."
Har ila yau, a bana, ma'aikatar baitulmalin Amurka ta ce: "A karkashin jagorancin [Janar Abdel Fattah] Burhan, dabarun yakin sojojin Sudan sun hada da jefa bama-bamai ba gaira ba dalili kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na farar hula, hare-hare kan makarantu, kasuwanni, da asibitoci, da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba." Lallai Amurka a wancan lokacin ya sanar da takunkumi da al-Burhan, don rubuce-rubucen zalunci da sojojinsa suka yi, ciki har da jefa bama-bamai ba gaira ba dalili da kuma amfani da su yunwa a matsayin makamin yaki.
A cikin Janairu 2025 Jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito akan wasu jami'an Amurka da suka nemi a sakaya sunansu, suna masu ikirarin cewa makami mai guba ne ya sa Amurka ta dauki matakin yaki da Janar al-Burhan. A cewar rahoton na New York Times, jami'ai biyu da suka yi karin haske kan lamarin sun ce, da alama makaman sun yi amfani da iskar chlorine, wani sinadarin da idan aka yi amfani da shi zai iya haifar da dawwamammen lahani ga nama, kuma a cikin wuraren da aka killace yana iya haddasa mutuwa ta hanyar shakewa. A ra'ayin jami'an da suka yi magana da jaridar New York Times, ta bayyana cewa Janaral al-Burhan ya ba da izinin yin amfani da wadannan makamai.
A cewar jaridar New York Times, Amurka ta kuma samu bayanan sirri da ke nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar SAF za ta yi amfani da makami mai guba a garin Bahri da ke arewacin birnin Khartoum, inda a wancan lokacin bangarorin biyu ke fafatawa da juna. Tsoron shine za a iya juya makamin guba akan fararen hula ban da yin amfani da su a kan abokan adawar su, Rapid Support Forces (RFS).
Rahotanni na harin makami mai guba da SAF ta kai tun daga watan Agustan 2024. Amnesty International ta ruwaito cewa akalla mutane 250 da suka hada da yara da dama a yankin Jebel Marra na Darfur mai yiwuwa ne suka mutu sakamakon kamuwa da makami mai guba. Amnesty ta ce tana da shaidun da ke nuna cewa gwamnatin Sudan ta kai harin makami mai guba akalla 30 a yankin tun daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta 2024."
"A yayin wadannan hare-haren an harbe daruruwan fararen hula, dubun dubatar mutane kuma suka rasa muhallansu, kuma a daya daga cikin mafi munin yanayi a rikicin na Darfur, mun gano kwararan hujjoji da ke nuna cewa gwamnatin Sudan na amfani da makami mai guba kan fararen hula.Tirana Hassan, Daraktan Binciken Rikici na Amnesty International.
Amnesty ta yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam, ta gudanar da hirarraki sama da 200 tare da samun binciken kwararru kan hotuna da ke nuna raunin da ya yi daidai da harin makami mai guba.
Hassan ya ce: "Mun ba da dukkan shaidun da Amnesty International ta tattara ga wasu masana biyu masu zaman kansu da suka duba bayanan, kuma sun ce akwai kwararan hujjoji da ke nuna cewa an yi amfani da wani nau'in sinadari kuma musamman, akwai yuwuwar yin amfani da vesicant, ko wani abu mai kumburi kamar lewisite, ko sulfur mustard gas."
