Ma kahi mamao, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka pelemaka ma lalo o ka iʻa i ke kumu.
Ma waho o ke kahakai o Antarctica, hiki ke loaʻa nā lua pele. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi kaʻina o nā ʻōlaʻi ma mua o 85,000 i ka makahiki 2020 ma ka lua pele ʻo Orca submarine, i hana ʻole ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi ʻōlaʻi i hiki i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻole ʻia no kēia wahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki ke aʻo ʻia a wehewehe ʻia kēlā mau hanana i nā kikoʻī kupaianaha ʻoiai ma ia mau wahi mamao, a no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pono ʻia, i kēia manawa ke hōʻike ʻia nei e ke aʻo ʻana o kahi hui honua i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai. Ka Honua a me ke Kaiapuni.
Ua komo nā mea noiʻi mai Kelemānia, Italia, Polani, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke aʻo ʻana, i alakaʻi ʻia e Simone Cesca o ka German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) Potsdam. Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohui i nā ʻenehana seismological, geodetic, a me ka ʻike mamao e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka pelemaka mai ka ʻaʻahu o ka Honua ma kahi kokoke i ka palena ʻaʻahu a kokoke i ka ʻili i kumu ai ka ōlaʻi.
ʻO ka lua pele Orca ma waena o ka piko o ʻAmelika Hema a me Antarctica
Loaʻa nā ōlaʻi nui ma nā ʻāpana pele. No laila, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā wai i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua ke kumu. ʻO Orca seamount kahi lua pele pale submarine nui me ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 900 mau mika ma luna o ka iʻa a me ke anawaena kumu ma kahi o 11 mau kilomita. Aia ia ma ke kowa o Bransfield, he kahawai kai ma waena o ka Peninsula Antarctic a me nā mokupuni ʻo Shetland Hema, ma ke komohana hema o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika.
“I ka wā ma mua, he haʻahaʻa ka seismicity ma kēia wahi. Eia nō naʻe, i ʻAukake 2020, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o ka seismic i laila, me nā ʻōlaʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 85,000 i loko o ka hapalua makahiki. Hōʻike ʻo ia i ka haunaele seismic nui loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma laila," hōʻike ʻo Simone Cesca, he ʻepekema ma ka GFZ's Section 2.1 Earthquake and Volcano Physics a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi o ka noiʻi i paʻi ʻia i kēia manawa. I ka manawa like me ka pūʻali, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o ʻumi mau kenimika a me kahi hoʻokiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi kenimika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo King George.
Nā pilikia o ka noiʻi ma kahi mamao
Ua aʻo ʻo Cesca i kēia mau hanana me nā hoa hana mai ka National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS a me ke Kulanui o Bologna (Italia), ka Polish Academy of Science, Leibniz University Hannover, ka German Aerospace Center (DLR) a me ke Kulanui o Potsdam. ʻO ka luʻi ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana seismological maʻamau ma kahi mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua mau kikowaena seismic a ʻelua mau kikowaena GNSS (ke kahua kahua o ka Gka lāʻau Nlele lele Satellite System e ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina). I mea e kūkulu hou ai i ka kronology a me ka ulu ʻana o ka haunaele a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu, no laila ua kālailai hou ka hui i ka ʻikepili mai nā kikowaena seismic mamao loa a me ka ʻikepili mai nā satelite InSAR, e hoʻohana ana i ka interferometry radar e ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hanana me nā ʻano geophysical he nui i mea e wehewehe pono ai i ka ʻikepili.
Ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā hanana seismic
Ua hoʻihoʻi ka poʻe noiʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haunaele a hiki i 10 ʻAukake 2020 a hoʻonui i ka papa inoa seismic honua mua, nona nā ōlaʻi 128 wale nō, i ʻoi aku ma mua o 85,000 mau hanana. Ua piʻi ka pūʻulu me ʻelua mau ʻōlaʻi nui ma 2 ʻOkakopa (Mw 5.9) a me 6 Nowemapa (Mw 6.0) 2020 ma mua o ke kau ʻana. Ma Pepeluali 2021, ua emi nui ka hana seismic.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ke komo ʻana o ka pelemaka, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka nui o ka pelemaka, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ke ōlaʻi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kaʻina seismic ke wehewehe wale i ka deformation ikaika o ka ʻili ma King George Island. Hiki ke hōʻoia kūʻokoʻa ka hele ʻana o kahi intrusion magma volumetric ma ke kumu o ka ʻikepili geodetic.
E hoʻomaka ana mai kona kumu mai, ua neʻe mua ka seismicity i uka a ma hope: ʻo ka hohonu, ʻo nā ʻōlaʻi hui pū ʻia ʻo ia ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pelemaka kūpaʻa mai kahi waihona i ka ʻaʻahu luna a i ʻole ma ka palena crust-mantle, ʻoiai nā ʻōlaʻi pāpaʻu, hoʻonui i NE-SW. hoʻomaka ʻia ma luna o ka pele pelemaka e ulu ana ma hope, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 20 mau kilomita.
Ua emi koke ka seismicity ma ka waena o Nowemapa, ma hope o ʻekolu mahina o ka hana hoʻomau, e like me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻōlaʻi nui loa o ka moʻo, me ka nui Mw 6.0. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hopena o ka pūʻali ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o ke kaomi i loko o ka pele pelemaka, e hele pū ana me ka paheʻe ʻana o kahi hewa nui, a hiki ke hōʻailona i ka manawa o ka pele i lalo o ke kai, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia e nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka hoʻohālike ʻana i ka ʻikepili GNSS a me InSAR, ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka nui o ke komo ʻana o Bransfield magmatic i loko o ka laulā 0.26-0.56 km³. ʻO ia ka mea i lilo ai kēia hanana i ka haunaele magmatic nui loa i nānā ʻia ma Antarctica.
Panina
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Simone Cesca: “ʻO kā mākou noiʻi ʻana he hoʻokolokolo kūleʻa hou o kahi haunaele seismo-pele ma kahi mamao o ka Honua, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka seismology, geodesy, a me nā ʻenehana ʻike mamao no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kaʻina hana ōlaʻi a me ka lawe ʻana i ka pelemaka ma nā mea kani maikaʻi ʻole. mau wahi. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hihia liʻiliʻi kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohana i nā mea hana geophysical e nānā i ke komo ʻana o ka pelemaka mai ka ʻaʻahu luna a i ʻole ka palena ʻaʻahu-ʻaʻahu i loko o ka ʻōpala pāpaʻu - kahi hoʻololi wikiwiki o ka pelemaka mai ka ʻaʻahu a kokoke i ka ʻili he mau lā wale nō. .”
Reference: "He ōlaʻi nui i alakaʻi ʻia e ka komo ʻana o ka magmatic ma ke kowa o Bransfield, Antarctica" na Simone Cesca, Monica Sugan, Łukasz Rudzinski, Sanaz Vajedian, Peter Niemz, Simon Plank, Gesa Petersen, Zhiguo Deng, Eleonora Rivalta, Alessandro Vuan, Milton ʻO Plasencia Linares, Sebastian Heimann a me Torsten Dahm, 11 ʻApelila 2022, Ka Honua Honua & Aneie.
DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00418-5
