Liti komanso momwe kachisi analengedwera
Mwala wa maziko a tchalitchi chamtsogolo "St. Nicholas Wonderworker" inayikidwa ndi Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich (mwana wa Mfumu Alexander II), yemwe anafika ku Sofia makamaka ndi cholinga ichi pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake. Pa Ogasiti 30, 1907, adatenga nawo gawo pakupatulira kwakukulu kwa chipilala cha Tsar Liberator, cholengedwa cha wosemasema wa ku Italiya Arnoldo Zocchi, ndipo pa Seputembara 2, 1907, kuyika maziko a kachisi wa kazembe kunachitika. Mwambowo unapezeka ndi akuluakulu aku Bulgaria - mamembala a Synod ya Chibugariya, Crown Prince Boris, komanso oimira gulu la Russia, motsogozedwa ndi kazembe Sementovski-Kurilo ndi nthumwi yayikulu yamagulu aku Russia omwe adamenyera ufulu wa Bulgaria. Mwambo wopatulira kachisi wamtsogolo polemekeza St. Nicholas Wodabwitsa unachitidwa ndi Metropolitan Parthenius wa Sofia.
Anaganiza kuti tchalitchi cha kazembe adzamangidwa mu kalembedwe kamangidwe ka tchalitchi cha Moscow m'zaka za m'ma 17, malinga ndi ntchito ya anazindikira wojambula academician Mikhail Timofeevich Preobrazhensky (mlembi wa Cathedral Orthodox mu Nice, Florence ndi ena ambiri). Ntchito yomangayo inkayang'aniridwa ndi Rusyn wina - katswiri wa zomangamanga Alexander Smirnov, yemwenso anasonyeza makhalidwe abwino kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga tchalitchi. Mwachitsanzo, mu utsogoleri wake, mu 1902, chipilala chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha tchalitchi cha “Kubadwa kwa Kristu” chinamangidwa ku Shipchen Pass; anayang’aniranso ntchito yomanga chipilala cha kachisi “St. Alexander Nevsky" ku Sofia. Smirnov adaganiza zomanga kachisiyo motsatira ma projekiti ndi zojambula mwatsatanetsatane, mawerengedwe ndi maakaunti opangidwa ndi Preobrazhensky. Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo imayang'aniridwa ndi ntchito yomanga ndi zachuma yomwe idapangidwa mwapadera motsogozedwa ndi kazembe, omwe akuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito ku Russia ndi vice-consulate ku Sofia. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1911, kuwonjezera pa kazembe Neklyudov, Prince Urusov, asilikali Attache Lieutenant Colonel Romanovsky, ndi Vice Consul Jackeli ntchito mu ntchito. Ntchito za bungweli zikuphatikizanso kuyang'anira ndalama. Zolemba zosungidwa zimachitira umboni za udindo wodalirika wa mamembala a komiti pa ntchito yomanga: monga amalonda abwino, salola kuwononga ndalama, koma nthawi yomweyo amasamalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito zonse zomwe zimachitika. . Sitingalephere kuzindikira mfundo yakuti omanga mapulani ndi amisiri onse amafuna kuti alipidwe pang’ono kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, akumaona kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kutengamo mbali m’ntchito yabwino kwambiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1910, motsogozedwa ndi Tsar waku Russia, ndalama zowonjezera 75,000 zinaperekedwa kuti amalize ntchito yomanga ndi kukongoletsa mkati mwa kachisi, chifukwa ziwerengero zoyamba zidapangidwa zaka zingapo m'mbuyomu pamitengo yotsika ndipo sizinatero. kuphatikiza ndalama zokongoletsa mkati. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito yomanga kachisiyo inamalizidwa mu 1911. Pa nthawiyo, “ngodya ya ku Russia ku Sofia” inkaoneka pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu: tchalitchi chokongola kwambiri chozunguliridwa ndi mitengo ya birch, cholumikizidwa ndi kanjira kokongola kokamanga nyumba yachifumu. gulu lachi Russia, luso lenileni la "Russian style" muzomangamanga za tchalitchi.
Kukwera pamwamba pa phiri, kachisi, yemwe kutalika kwake kuchokera pansi mpaka pamtanda wa dome wapakati ndi mamita 35, akuwoneka bwino kuchokera kumbali zonse. Maziko omanga ake amapangidwa ndi nyumba ya quadrangular - "quadruple", yomwe ma protrus anayi amangiriridwa: guwa la nsembe kum'mawa, apse ndi kukwera kwa anthu akumadzulo ndi ma naves awiri - kumpoto ndi kumwera. , komwe makomo awiri amatsogolera - kuchokera kumunda wa legation komanso kuchokera ku Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. Khomo logwirira ntchito linali lakumpoto, kumene khomo lolumikiza kachisi ndi gawo la gululo linkatsogolera. Patchuthi, wina adalowa kudzera pachipata chakumwera, kutsogolo komwe nsanja yozungulira yozungulira idapangidwira antchito. Wazunguliridwa ndi chitsulo chokongoletsera chokongoletsera, ndipo kumbali zonse ziwiri za nyali zolowera pakhomo zimapachikidwa pazipilala zachitsulo zokhala ndi zithunzi za ziwombankhanga ziwiri - kulengedwa mwaluso kwa amisiri a Tula. Denga la gable lomwe lili ndi matailosi obiriwira, onyezimira pamwamba pa khomo lililonse limapangidwa mwaluso ngati "terem" yakale yaku Russia. Mapiritsi a zipata zakum'mwera ndi kumpoto amakongoletsedwa ndi majolica zithunzi za St. Nicholas Wonderworker ndi St. Alexander Nevsky. Pamwamba pa kumpoto pali belfry yaing'ono yokhala ndi mabelu asanu ndi atatu.
Kachisiyo ali ndi madontho asanu: dome lapakati lomwe limakhala ngati chihema chozunguliridwa ndi nyumba zinayi zokongoletsa zokhala ndi nsonga za "anyezi". Iliyonse imazunguliridwa ndi nkhata ya "kokoshniki" ya hemispherical yokongoletsedwa ndi matailosi amitundu yambiri, ndikuponderezedwa ndi mtanda wa octagonal waku Russia. Kuzizira kwakukulu komwe kumazungulira kumtunda kwa "Quad" kumapangidwa ndi matailosi okhala ndi chokongoletsera. Kuyang'ana kumodzi ndikokwanira kumvetsetsa kuti iyi ndi kachisi waku Russia.
Kwa zaka ziwiri, ntchito yokongoletsera mkati ndi kupenta inkachitika - iwo anapangidwa ndi gulu la ojambula a ku Russia, panthawi yomweyo kujambula tchalitchi "St. Alexander Nevsky". Amatsogoleredwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zojambula za tchalitchi Vasiliy Perminov, pulofesa ku Warsaw Polytechnic Institute. Pamaso ojambulawo ndi ntchito yopatsidwa kwa iwo ndi akuluakulu a ku Russia: tchalitchi "kukhala m'dziko lino chokhudzana ndi ife chipilala choyenera cha luso la Russia, lolingana ndi tanthauzo la dzina lachi Russia ndi chirichonse chokhudzana ndi izo".
Kukongoletsa mkati mwa kachisi "St. Nicholas the Wonderworker" ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chojambula zithunzi za ku Russia kuyambira masiku ano. Chithunzi chokhazikitsidwa cha Amayi a Mulungu ndi Mwana, wozunguliridwa ndi Mphamvu Zakumwamba, yomwe ili paguwa la nsembe, ikuwonetseratu. Chopangidwacho chimavekedwa korona ndi chifaniziro cha Mulungu Atate padenga la hemispherical. Pakhoma lakumwera kwa kachisiyo akuwonetsedwa Khristu wopachikidwa pamodzi ndi oyera mtima amene akubwera, m’munsi mwake mu zilembo za Chisilavo za Tchalitchi palembedwa mawu ochokera m’nyimbo zachipembedzo za Loweruka Lalikulu: “Anthu onse akhale chete. Pakhoma lakumpoto timawona zolemba za "Deisis", zomwe zikufotokozedwa Khristu - Wolamulira Wamkulu, yemwe Virigo atavala zovala zachifumu ndi St. Mpingo Wakumwamba. Pamwamba pa phiri la Apse akumadzulo pali Yesu Kristu “mu ulemerero” pamwamba pa khamu la oyera mtima a ku Russia. Pambuyo pake, tchalitchi chakumpoto cha tchalitchicho chinakongoletsedwa ndi zolemba za "Kuuka kwa Khristu", zomwe zinajambulidwa ndi mbuye wamkulu wa zojambula za tchalitchi, wojambula wa ku Russia wa emigré Nikolai Rostovtsev. Zithunzi zazikulu zakum'mwera kwa nave zimakhalanso za burashi yake: za Namwali Wodala Mariya, St. Nicholas Wonderworker, ochita zozizwitsa Rev. John wa Rila, Rev. Sergius wa Radonezh ndi Rev. Seraphim wa Sarov.
Zokongola kwambiri ndi mzere umodzi wa majolica iconostasis wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zamaluwa pamtunda wa golide, pomwe zithunzi za Mpulumutsi, Amayi a Mulungu ndi St. Alexander Nevsky zimayikidwa - makope odabwitsa a zithunzithunzi, ntchito ya Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov, kuchokera. Cathedral "St. Vladimir" ku Kiev. Chithunzi cha kachisi wa St. Nicholas Wonderworker ndi chithunzi cha chithunzi chomwe chimasungidwa mu tchalitchi chomwecho - ntchito ya Mikhail Nesterov. Sizowopsa kuti ojambula amatembenukira ku zojambulajambula zajambula zaku Russia - ndi chikumbutso cha Russia, kuyitanidwa kuti amupempherere mochokera pansi pamtima.
Pa July 5, 1912, pa bwato lake lachifumu "Standart", Nicholas II anaika pa lemba la lamulo la boma la ogwira ntchito a Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku Imperial Russian Legation ku Sofia kuti: "Akhale". Dikoni wa ku Viennese Russian Church Pyotr Preobrazhensky, woikidwa pa nthawiyo monga wansembe, anasankhidwa kukhala wansembe woyamba, ndipo Nikolay Makarov, anasamutsidwa kuno ku Yambol, kumene anatumikira mu Russian chikumbutso kachisi "St. Alexander Nevsky". Kazembe wa ku Russia akuganiza zosiya malo amodzi a atumiki a matchalitchi opanda munthu, kotero kuti ndalama zosungidwa mwanjira imeneyi zigwiritsiridwe ntchito kuthandizira “kwaya yabwino ya anthu osachepera 16” amene “ayenera kukhala chitsanzo cha kuimba kosamalitsa kwa tchalitchi. ” Palibe chifukwa choyitanira wotsogolera kwaya ku Russia, popeza dragoman (wotanthauzira) P. Kiryakov amayang'anira kukonza kwaya yosakanikirana ya magawo anayi.
Atafika ku Sofia, woyang’anira derayo anaganiza kuti kachisiyo sanali wokonzeka kuyeretsedwa ndi kutsegulidwa kuti anthu azilambira. Zotsutsa zake zinachititsidwa ndi mbali ina ya zography ya kachisi imene, m’lingaliro lake, sinali yogwirizana ndi mabuku ovomerezeka a tchalitchi, imene anaipereka lipoti m’kalata yopita ku Unduna wa Zachilendo mu October 1913. Kumalizidwa komaliza kwa kachisi nakonso kunachedwetsedwa. chifukwa, kuchokera pa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mutu wa Russian Legation ndi mutu wa Russian Legation, Savinsky, unayamba kusokoneza. Pa February 5, 1914, anapempha Undunawu kuti ukumbukire Preobrazhensky chifukwa anali “wamwano” ndi iye, “wolowerera ndale ndipo amakonda kulankhula ndi anthu a ku Bulgaria pankhani za ndale” ndipo m’makhalidwe ake ‘ndiwosayenera n’komwe kukatumikira m’mayiko ena. '. Pempho lake linavomerezedwa, ndipo mu March 1914 Archimandrite Nikolay (Drobyazgin), yemwe adatumikira m'matchalitchi a Baden-Baden ndi Karlsruhe, adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa tchalitchi ku Sofia, ndipo Preobrazhensky anatumizidwa m'malo mwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kachisi akukonzedwanso kuti adzipatulire: mabuku achipembedzo, nsalu za guwa la nsembe ndi ziwiya za tchalitchi zomwe zinalamulidwa mwapadera ku bungwe la mafakitale "Ana a PI Olovyanishnikov" aperekedwa kuchokera ku Russia. Zithunzizo zinapangidwa mufakitale ya IA Zheverzheev. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, nduna ya mfumu inapereka kukachisi chithunzithunzi cha analogi cha St. Nicholas, chomwe mfumuyo inapatsidwa mphatso, yokhala ndi siliva wonyezimira, yokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, m'bokosi la thundu.
Pa September 11/24, 1914, pamaso pa anthu ambiri, pamaso pa mutu wa Russian legation Savinsky ndi akazembe ochokera m'mayiko ochezeka Russia, tchalitchi anapatulidwa ndi Metropolitan Basil wa Dorostolo-Cherven, m'malo akudwala kwambiri mutu wa Tchalitchi cha Bulgaria panthawiyo - Exarcha Joseph. The proto-single of the exarch, Archimandrite Stefan (kenako Metropolitan wa Sofia, ndi 1945-1948 exarch of Bulgaria), mutu wa kachisi, Archimandrite Nikolai, komanso Russian hieromonk Juvenalius ndi Bulgarian hieromonk Khariton, anatumikira naye. . Kwaya ya Cathedral "St. Sofia” motsogozedwa ndi N. Nikolaev.
Mfundo yakuti mpingo wa ku Russia unapatulidwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a ku Bulgaria mogwirizana ndi wa ku Russia ndi chochitika chofunika kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa 1872, Patriarchate wa Constantinople anakana kuzindikira ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wa Chibugariya Exarchy adalengedwa posakhalitsa, adalengeza kuti a Bulgaria ndi otsutsa-otsutsa ndipo adawachotsa ku tchalitchi. Ngakhale kuti Tchalitchi cha Russia sichinagwirizane ndi chigamulochi, komabe, posafuna kusokoneza ubale wake ndi Constantinople, chinasiya kuyanjana ndi Exarchate. Mu 1914, kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo kulengeza kwa Bulgarian Exarchate, Russian Synod anapempha mutu wa Chibugariya Church ndi pempho la kudzipatulira yekha tchalitchi Russian mu Sofia, amene akuchitira umboni chikhumbo cha kubwezeretsa ovomerezeka mgonero. Exarch Joseph waku Bulgaria akutcha chochitikachi "chiyambi cha mgwirizano waubale wa matchalitchi awiri a Orthodox". M’matelegalamu otumizidwa kwa Mfumu Nicholas Wachiŵiri ndi Metropolitan Vladimir wa ku Petrograd, iye anathokoza Tchalitchi cha Russia kaamba ka dzanja laubale lotambasulidwa. Pambuyo pa Liturgy Yaumulungu, Archimandrite Stefan analankhula kwa osonkhanawo ndi mawu osangalatsa: "... Tidzakhala ndi maganizo ofanana ndi chikondi mu chikondi chaubale ndi umodzi." Kutenga gawo lalikulu pakupatulidwa kwa kachisi wa kazembe waku Russia, anthu aku Bulgaria, kumbali yake, akuwonetsa kugwirizana kwake ndi ubale wauzimu ndi Orthodox Russia m'masiku omwe moto wa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse unayatsidwa ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti. Bulgaria ndi Russia adzipeza okha mu mkangano uwu kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana zakutsogolo.
Chikhulupiriro cha Orthodox ndi zipembedzo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonera dziko lapansi komanso kudzizindikira kwa anthu ambiri mu Russia isanachitike. Mu ukapolo, chikhulupiriro chimakhala chofunika kwambiri kwa iwo: chimalimbikitsa othawa kwawo, chimalimbitsa mzimu, chimalimbitsa chiyembekezo. Atsamunda ambiri aku Russia ku Bulgaria amayang'ana kukachisi, amalimbikira, amayembekezera chitsogozo chauzimu ndi malangizo kuchokera kumeneko. Bishopu Seraphim anakwanitsa kupanga kachisiyo kukhala “St. Nikolay" ndi likulu la anthu aku Russia ku Sofia.
Koposa zonse, Bishopu Seraphim anayambitsa bungwe la parishi ya tchalitchicho. Mu Seputembala 1921, molingana ndi malamulo a parishi omwe adatengedwa ku Local Council ku Moscow (1918), adakhazikitsa boma la Russia pakachisi wa gulu lankhondo la Russia ku Sofia. Bishopu yekha anasankhidwa wapampando wa tauni, wachiwiri wake anali membala wa High Church Council Raevski, ndipo alembi anali Shurupov ndi Colonel Lisovski. Kuwonjezera pa iwo, ansembe anayi otumikira m’kachisi anasankhidwa kukhala m’bungwe la parishi: Protopresbyter Georgi Shavelski, Archpriest Vasily Florovski, Archpriest Alexander Rozhdestvenski ndi Hieromonk Sergiy (Sobolev), komanso anthu wamba 8. Ena mwa iwo ndi General Artsyshevsky, plenipotentiary wa All-Russian Union of Cities, kuchita ndi kukonzekera ntchito Russian maphunziro; Prof. Pogorelov, wolemba mbiri yakale, wolemba mabuku olembedwa pamanja a Chibugariya akale; General Romanovsky, mtsogoleri wa kayendetsedwe ka asilikali a Wrangel; von Feldmann, woimira ROKK; Mfumukazi Trubetskaya. Pa September 21/1921, XNUMX, khonsolo ya parishiyo inalanda tchalitchicho ndi malo ake a tchalitchi monga trasti.
Nkhani ina imene ikufunika kuti ithetsedwe mwamsanga ndi nkhani ya maubwenzi ndi Tchalitchi cha ku Bulgaria, chomwe pa nthawiyo chinali pa magawano. Mu December 1921, tcheyamani wa Council of Ambassadors ku Paris, Girs, anapempha wolamulira wa Russian Orthodox Churches ku Western Europe, Archbishop Evlogiy, ndi pempho kuthetsa ubale tchalitchi pakati pa ansembe Russian ndi Bulgarian, koma iye analandira. yankho lolakwika. Udindo wa Bishopu Seraphim monga bishopu m'dera la tchalitchi china cha komweko, chomwenso chili pampatuko, unasokoneza kwambiri ntchito yake ku Bulgaria. Pokonzekera lipoti latsatanetsatane la moyo wa tchalitchi cha Bulgaria, adapereka pempho loyenera ku Synod of Bishops of the Russian Church Abroad ndipo, ndi madalitso ake, anakhala bishopu woyamba wa Orthodox kulowa mgonero wa Ukaristia ndi Bulgarian Exarchate panthawi ya magawano. . Motero, mzere wa maunansi a mipingo iwiriyi, chiyambi chake chinakhazikitsidwa pakupatulira kachisi wa ku Russia mu 1914, unapitirizidwa.
Pa January 9, 1923, pa tsiku lokumbukira Wofera Chikhulupiriro Woyamba ndi Mdikoni Stephen, m’tchalitchi cha ku Russia cha “St. Nicholas” Bishopu Seraphim ndi proto-single wa St. Synod - Bishopu Stefan wa Marcianopol - amakondwerera mwambo wachipembedzo: njira yogonjetsa zopinga zovomerezeka mu ubale wa mipingo iwiriyi yakonzedwa. Mu Seputembala 1924, mabishopu a ku Bulgaria ndi ku Russia ochokera ku Russian Abroad Synod anakondwerera limodzi mapemphero aumulungu pakupatulira mipando itatu ya chipilala cha kachisi “St. Alexander Nevsky" ku Sofia. Kenako, Bishopu Seraphim mobwerezabwereza ankatumikira limodzi ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a ku Bulgaria, n’kumachita nawo mwambo wokhazikitsira mabishopu a ku Bulgaria. Chopereka cha bishopu pakubwezeretsanso mgonero wovomerezeka pakati pa mipingo iwiriyi chinayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi Tsar Boris, yemwe adamupatsa mphoto ziwiri zapamwamba za boma la Bulgaria. Mfundo yakuti mu 1945 nkhani yothetsa mikangano inathetsedwa bwino ndipo Tchalitchi cha ku Bulgaria chinalowa m’mayanjano ovomerezeka ndi matchalitchi onse a m’dera la Orthodox, Archbishop Seraphim nayenso ali ndi ubwino waukulu.
Tchalitchi cha Bulgaria chimathandiza anthu othawa kwawo ku Russia m'njira zonse. Iwo amawapempherera mochokera pansi pa mtima, amawasamalira mwauzimu m’makachisi a ku Bulgaria. Zopereka zikusonkhanitsidwa kwa abale a ku Russia m’mipingo m’dziko lonse la Bulgaria. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu January 1920, Metropolitan Stefan, mkulu tsogolo la Bulgaria, anatsogolera bungwe loyamba kupereka thandizo kwa osamuka Russian - Russian-Bulgarian Cultural and Charity Committee. M’modzi wa othaŵa kwawo ku Russia pambuyo pake anakumbukira kuti: “Mosalephera iye anathandiza anthu a ku Russia monga momwe akanathera, Sinodi ya St. wa Society of Nations for the Affairs of Russian Refugees - Bishop Stefan. Osati ndi ndalama za League of Nations, koma chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kulabadira, mtima wokoma mtima, iye anachirikiza, kudyetsa, kuvala, kuvala ambiri, ambiri, mazana a anthu othawa kwawo ku Russia, anakonza zitupa za visa kwa ambiri a iwo kupita kumayiko omwe ankafuna. natumiza iwo kumeneko ; ndipo pamapeto pake adathandizira kutenga nawo mbali ndi upangiri. ”
Ngakhale pali oimira ochepa a atsogoleri achipembedzo mu unyinji wa anthu othawa kwawo, pafupifupi ansembe onse aku Russia omwe ali muukapolo amatha ku Yugoslavia ndi Bulgaria, chifukwa amabwera kuno makamaka kuchokera kumwera kwa Russia limodzi ndi gulu lawo - asitikali aku Russia a White Army. , amene amapeza malo okhala m'mayikowa. Akuluakulu a tchalitchi cha Bulgaria amavomereza mwaufulu ansembe a ku Russia, kuwatumiza ku maparishi ndi nyumba za amonke ndi kuwaika kukhala aphunzitsi m’masukulu a zaumulungu ndi m’maseminale.
Kuwonjezera pa kachisi wa ku Russia ku Sofia nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe, panali ena awiri - ku Shipka ndi ku Yambol. Pofika anthu ambiri othawa kwawo ku Russia, pankafunika kutsegulira akachisi atsopano. Akuluakulu a tchalitchi cha Bulgaria samangoletsa izi, komanso amathandizira m'njira zonse zotheka kuonekera kwa mipingo ya ku Russia ndi ma parishi aku Russia m'malo omwe kuli madera osamukira ku Russia, masukulu aku Russia, magawo ankhondo aku Russia, mwachitsanzo ku Ruse, Plovdiv, Varna, Shumen ndi ena. Mu August 1921, ndi lamulo lapadera la Patriarch wa ku Moscow Tikhon, Bishopu Seraphim anaikidwa kukhala wolamulira wa parishi ya Russian Orthodox ku Bulgaria ndi ufulu wa bishopu wa dayosisi ndipo analandira dzina lakuti “Bishopu wa Bogucharsky” (Boguchari ndi Cossack yaing’ono. m'chigawo cha Voronezh).
Bishopu Seraphim amapanga kulambira tsiku ndi tsiku, popanda masiku opuma, m’mawa uliwonse ndi madzulo aliwonse. Wodziwa kwambiri za dongosolo lachipembedzo, amakwaniritsa ntchito yake ya ubusa ndipo, ngakhale kuti chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chikupita patsogolo, nthawi zambiri amatumikira yekha, popanda kupatulapo - Lamlungu ndi maholide onse, ndipo pakati pa sabata amawerenga mosalekeza akathist wa St. Nicholas the Wodabwitsa, woyera wa kachisi.
Utumiki waumulungu mu kachisi wa ku Russia umatsagana ndi kuyimba kodabwitsa kwa kwaya ya tchalitchi cha Russia, yomwe imakopanso anthu ambiri. M'chilimwe cha 1921, kwaya SERGEY Zharov a Cossack anafika ku Sofia kuchokera Lemnos, ndipo Lamlungu loyamba, anaima mu clerestory wa tchalitchi cha Russian. Kwa chaka chathunthu, kuimba kwa gululo, lomwe pambuyo pake linakhala lotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kunali mbali yofunika ya mautumiki a tchalitchi cha Russia. Kachisi wa kazembeyo, yemwe adapangidwa kuti azisamalira antchito ochepa opemphera a gulu lachi Russia ndi achibale awo, sangathe kulandira onse omwe amabwera. Kutenga nawo mbali kwa kwaya ya Zharov mu utumiki waumulungu mu tchalitchi cha Cathedral "St. Alexander Nevsky”, anasonkhanitsa okhulupirira pafupifupi zikwi zisanu. Mawu a oimba makumi atatu ndi awiri a ku Russia omwe adathawa mozizwitsa kuchokera ku "chilumba cha imfa", omwe anataya dziko lawo ndi okondedwa awo ndipo adalemekeza Mulungu, amapanga chisangalalo chapadera cha pemphero. Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwa munthu wina wamasiku ano, omwe anali m'kachisi adadzidzimuka, "misozi yambiri idakhetsa".
Ndi kupambana kwakukulu, kwaya ya Zharov idachita zoimbaimba za nyimbo zauzimu zaku Russia pamaso pa anthu aku Bulgaria. Oimba amakakamizika kudzipezera okha ndalama chifukwa parishiyi ndi yochuluka koma ndi osauka. Masana amalimbikira ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo madzulo amasonkhana kuti ayesedwe kuti agwire ntchito ina yatsopano kuchokera ku chuma cha nyimbo zopatulika za ku Russia pa msonkhano wa Lamlungu. Ngakhale kuti Bishopu Seraphim anapempha mwamphamvu kuti asachoke m’kachisi wa ku Russia, m’chilimwe cha 1923 gulu la anthu, limodzi ndi Zharov mwiniyo, linanyamuka kupita ku France. Koma ngakhale atachoka, akatswiri aluso komanso otsogolera odziwa ntchito amagwira ntchito m'tchalitchi cha Russia. Mu 1923-1926, kwaya ya tchalitchi inatsogoleredwa ndi wolemba nyimbo S. Ignatiev, ndiye wolemba wina waluso - N. Panin, yemwe wothandizira anali A. Saveliev. Iye analoŵa m’malo mwa Panin mu 1928 ndipo anatsogolera kwayayo mpaka 1944. Malinga ndi kunena kwa anthu a m’nthaŵiyo, kwaya yake inali imodzi mwa nyimbo zopambana kwambiri ku Bulgaria panthaŵiyo. Mu 1931, ndi tchata cha mutu wa Sinodi Abroad, Metropolitan Anthony, kwaya ya kachisi Russian mu ulamuliro wa Saveliev anapatsidwa udindo wa "kwaya bishopu". Katswiri wanzeru, Saveliev adachita zambiri pakufalitsa nyimbo zopatulika zaku Russia. Anayambitsa mwambo wokumbukira masiku a chisangalalo cha moyo wa olemba otchuka a ku Russia ndi machitidwe a nyimbo zawo panthawi ya mautumiki achipembedzo - kuphatikizapo ntchito zawo zosadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, November 7, 1933 anali chikumbutso 40 imfa ya Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ndi 9 chikumbutso cha imfa ya wopeka Arkhangelsky, kotero November 12, pa Lamlungu utumiki, nyimbo zochokera Tchaikovsky's liturgy anachita, ndi konsati. wa Mngelo wamkulu "Wodala ali wosankhidwa ...".
Bishopuyo amasamalira osati mpingo wake wa Sofia okha, amayendera ma parishi ambiri aku Russia m'mizinda ndi palanquins, amayendera masukulu aku Russia, ambiri omwe amawayang'anira. Maonekedwe ake nthawi zonse amakhala chikondwerero kwa ana omwe amakonda nkhani zake zauzimu zachikhalidwe. Iye ndi wotseguka kwa onse ndipo amapeza mawu othandizira ndi chitonthozo kwa aliyense.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mapangidwe a parishi Council kusintha. Monga mkulu wa kachisi, Bishopu Seraphim mwiniyo amaika ansembe ndi omuthandizira ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1925, Prince Andrey Liven, amene analumbira kuti alandire udindo woyera, amene, malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo, anali woimira wotchuka kwambiri wa Russian olemekezeka ku Bulgaria, anakhala wothandizira wake. Iye anali mtsogoleri wolemekezeka wa chigawo cha Kolomna m'chigawo cha Moscow, wophunzira wa sayansi yazamalamulo, wochita nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni kumbali ya White Volunteer Army kum'mwera kwa Russia. Nkhani ya lumbiro lake imadziwika bwino kwa akhristu a kachisi wa ku Russia. Atasamutsidwa ku Russia, Lieven adafunafuna banja lake ku Constantinople yamphamvu miliyoni kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo osapambana. Kenako analumbira kuti adzapereka moyo wake kwa Mulungu ngati apeza okondedwa ake. Posakhalitsa anapeza mkazi wake ndi ana ake mozizwitsa. Podutsa ku Gallipoli ku Bulgaria, kalongayo adakhala mwana wauzimu wa Bishopu Seraphim ndipo chikhumbo chake chofuna kutsatira malamulo opatulika chinakula. Mu 1925, Prince Lieven anadzozedwa ndi bishopu ndipo anakhala wansembe m’Tchalitchi cha Russia, ndipo kuyambira 1926 mpaka 1944 anali mlembi wa bungwe la maepiskopi, yemwe anali kudzanja lamanja la Bishopu Seraphim.
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, wothandizira bishopu anali hieromonk Panteleimon (Mikhail Nikolaevich Staritsky), yemwe kale anali nawo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, kapitawo wa Life Guards of the Second Artillery Brigade, ndiyeno Bishopu Seraphim's cellmate. Mu 1936, Archpriest Nikolay Pavlovich Ukhtomski anakhala membala wa bungwe la bishopu. Anachokera ku banja lachifumu lolemekezeka, anali mkulu wa General Staff of the Seventh Army, adachita nawo nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Bishopu Seraphim atamuika kukhala wansembe, anaikidwa kukhala mkulu wa kachisi wa chikumbutso cha ku Russia wa Shipka.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, dongosolo lachisankho la kayendetsedwe ka kachisi linakhazikitsidwa: zaka zinayi zilizonse, zisankho za epitropa ya tchalitchi, khonsolo ya parishi ndi komiti yokonzanso - mabungwe omwe amakhala ndi anthu wamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, Bishopu anali wodzipereka komanso modzipereka mothandizidwa ndi Epitropa Gorbatov, mamembala a bungwe la parishi - dokotala Dr. Stepankovsky (wapampando wa Union of Russian Doctors ku Bulgaria), Stavrovski, Neveinov, Saveliev, Zapriev, Pavlenko, Zhukov ndi ena ambiri. Berkov wodziwa bwino zachuma adasankhidwanso mobwerezabwereza kukhala wapampando wa komiti yowerengera. Mamembala a khonsolo ya parishiyi amakambidwa nthawi ndi nthawi za ntchito zawo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya parishiyi ikhale yobala zipatso.
Bishopu Seraphim amatsogolera ndi kutsogolera ntchito zachifundo za anthu a m’tchalitchi chake. Ubale umagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi kachisi, kuthandiza osungulumwa, olumala, osauka ndi anthu osowa. Ndalama zolandiridwa kuchokera ku zopereka ndi zopereka zimagawidwa pakati pawo. Ngati n'kotheka, malipiro amtundu umodzi komanso nthawi zonse amalipidwa. Zovala, nsapato, zovala zamkati zimasonkhanitsidwa kwa anthu osowa. Odwala amatumizidwa kuti akalandire chithandizo chaulere ku chipatala cha ku Russia cha Dr. Berzin, polyclinic ya Dr. Zhukov kapena ku nyumba zosavomerezeka ndi malo ogona. Osowa ntchito amathandizidwa kupeza ntchito - funso lomwe ndi lovuta kwambiri panthawiyo. Anthu ambiri osamukira ku Russia ndi anthu ophunzira bwino, okonzeka mwaukadaulo. Koma ntchito yakuthupi ndiyo yaikulu pamsika wa antchito ku Bulgaria, ndi ntchito zochepa kwambiri ndi ulova wochuluka pakati pa anthu a ku Bulgaria omwewo.
Mogwirizana ndi zimene Bishopu Seraphim anachita, pakachisipo panakhazikitsidwa komiti yoti itolere zopereka zothandizira amonke a ku Russia omwe anali ndi njala m’phiri la Holy Mountain. Kusintha kwa ku Russia kunasokoneza maulendo oyendayenda a ku Russia opita ku phiri la Athos ndi kulepheretsa amonke a ku Russia kupeza chithandizo chakuthupi. Amonke ndi omvetsa chisoni, ndi njala. Mu ulaliki wake, bishopuyo akupempha anthu kuti azichirikiza abale awo a tchalitchi cha Orthodox, kuti asalole kuti kachisi wa Athos awonongeke. Iye mwini amapereka anthu olemera kuti agule zithunzi zojambula ndi amonke a Svetogorje kuti awathandize. Zambiri mwa zithunzizi zinaperekedwa ndi anthu opindula ku matchalitchi ndi nyumba za amonke za ku Bulgaria. Zimadziwikanso kuti Archbishop Seraphim anakonza zopereka zothandizira kumanga matchalitchi atsopano ku Bulgaria ndi kunja. Mwachitsanzo, adapereka BGN 1,360 kuchokera ku ndalama zake zomangira kachisi wachikumbutso ku Brussels "polemekeza woyera mtima wolungama Yobu Wopirira, pokumbukira wofera chikhulupiriro Tsar Nicholas II ndi anthu onse aku Russia omwe adawonongedwa ndi a Mphamvu za Bogoborian mu nthawi zovuta ".
Bishopu mwiniwakeyo amasonyeza kudera nkhaŵa kwachikristu moona mtima kwa osauka ndi odwala, ngakhale kuti amakhala wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo ayenera kudyetsa mbale wake wodwala. Nthawi zonse amapereka zachifundo kwa ana opanda pokhala kutsogolo kwa kachisi, amadyetsa anthu ena m'nyumba mwake, amapatsa ena nkhuni zake m'nyengo yozizira, amatumiza zopempha zambiri ku madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, amawazungulira mosatopa, kupembedzera osowa. Sizinangochitika kuti Union of Russian Disabled Persons imamupanga kukhala membala wolemekezeka.
1934 anatsegula tsamba latsopano mu moyo wa "St. Nikolay Wochita Zozizwitsa ". Pa July 23, 1934, dziko la Bulgaria linakhazikitsa ubale wa kazembe ndi USSR, ndipo mbendera yofiira inawulukira pa nyumba ya gulu lakale la Russia. Koma ofesi ya kazembe wa Soviet sikufunika tchalitchi!
Funso la udindo wa tchalitchi cha Russia ndi katundu wa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox municipalities ndi nkhani ya zokambirana zazitali komanso zovuta pakati pa Sofia ndi Moscow. Okhudzidwa osamukira ku Russia amayesa kukopa yankho la vutoli, akuchita mantha ndi tsogolo la tchalitchi cha Russia ku Vienna, chomwe pa pempho la mbali ya Soviet idasinthidwa kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zakusakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu atangokhazikitsa ubale pakati pa Austria ndi Austria. Soviet Union.
Board of Directors of the Union of Russian Veterans of the Liberation War 1877-1878, imodzi mwamabungwe ovomerezeka a anthu osamukira ku Russia ku Bulgaria, idapempha nduna ya chitetezo, kenako kwa nduna zamkati ndi zipembedzo ndi pempho. kusiya tchalitchi cha Chirasha ku Sofia m’manja mwa matchalitchi a ku Russia. Pempho la asilikali ankhondowo linati: “Kuyambira mu 1919 mpaka lero, kachisiyu wakhala malo amene amatigwirizanitsa, amatitonthoza komanso amatithandiza mwauzimu ngati othawa kwawo. Bishopu Seraphim, Metropolitan Antony ndi Sinodi ya Tchalitchi cha Russia Kumayiko Ena mobwerezabwereza apempha tchalitchi cha Bulgaria ndi akuluakulu aboma kuti asapereke tchalitchi cha Russia ku ofesi ya kazembe wa Soviet Union, akumati ndi chuma cha tchalitchi, osati chuma cha boma.
Akuluakulu a ku Bulgaria adayesa kutsata zofuna za anthu achipembedzo cha ku Russia polemba ndondomeko yoyamba ya ndondomeko yomwe inaperekedwa ku mbali ya Soviet monga maziko a zokambirana zina. Ku Moscow, kugwirizana kumeneku kwa nkhani ziwirizi kumayambitsa kudabwa kwakukulu, popeza panalibe zochitika zoterezi kale. Atatha kukana mwatsatanetsatane polojekiti ya ku Bulgaria poganiza kuti chisankho choterocho chingatanthauzidwe ngati kupambana kwa "White Guards" a ku Russia, akazembe a Soviet adalengeza kuti sakufunikira tchalitchi nkomwe ndipo adanena kuti chitsekedwe kapena kusandulika kukhala tchalitchi. Bolshevik Museum. Zikatero, mbali ya dziko la Bulgaria ikufuna kuti tchalitchi cha Russia chiperekedwe kwa akuluakulu a tchalitchi cha Bulgaria motsimikiziridwa ndi boma la Bulgaria kuti chitetezo cha ofesi ya kazembe wa Soviet Union chitsimikizidwe.
Tchalitchi cha Bulgaria sichisiya anthu a ku Russia opanda kachisi. Metropolitan Stefan waku Sofia amapereka ma municipalities a Russian Orthodox ndi tchalitchi "St. Nikolay” mumsewu wa “Tsar Kaloyan”, yemwe parishi yake inasamutsidwa kupita kukachisi wakale waku Russia pa “Tsar Osvoboditel” blvd. Katundu wa kachisi Russian anaperekedwa kwa Atate Nikolai Vladimirsky. Amonke a ku Russia ochokera ku nyumba za amonke ku Shipka ndi Yambol anasamutsidwira ku nyumba ya amonke ya Kokalyan “St. Mngelo wamkulu Michael" pafupi ndi Sofia - malo omwe Bishopu Seraphim amakonda kupitako. Ngakhale lero, mwala umene anagwadapo ndi kupemphera mochokera pansi pa mtima umaoneka pamenepo. Kumeneko anadzipatula kuti alembe mabuku ake a zaumulungu, amene anawaona kukhala ofunika kwambiri: “Mabuku anga ndiwo mwazi wanga,” iye akutero. Bishopu Seraphim nthawi zonse amateteza chiyero cha tchalitchi cha Orthodox, amavumbula malingaliro ampatuko ndi amakono ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zimapotoza chowonadi cha Orthodox, zolimbana ndi chipembedzo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ubale waukazembe pakati pa Bulgaria ndi USSR kudadzetsa kuyimilira pantchito za mabungwe onse aku Russia osamukira kumayiko ena - kuwongolera boma la Bulgaria kunawalimbikitsa, omwe adakakamizika kuti asalole mawonetseredwe aliwonse odana ndi Soviet. Ndipo komabe moyo wa parishi yaku Russia, yothamangitsidwa ku tchalitchi chake, sunafe. Chochitika chowala m'moyo wa okhulupirira ndi kulandiridwa kwa woyera mtima wamkulu wa ku Russia - chizindikiro chozizwitsa cha Amayi a Mulungu "Chizindikiro", chochokera ku Yugoslavia m'chilimwe cha 1935. Analandiridwa mwaulemu ndi oimira atsogoleri achipembedzo aku Russia ndi Bulgaria. , motsogozedwa ndi Bishopu Seraphim, pamaso pa khamu lalikulu la anthu - Russian ndi Bulgarians. Kutenga nawo mbali pa utumiki wa bishopu wolemekeza chaka cha 950 cha kutembenuka mtima kwa Russia ndikwambiri.
Kachisi wa anthu aku Russia akadali ngati chitsanzo cha mchitidwe wopembedza wachitsanzo. Mogwirizana ndi Bishopu Seraphim, Sinodi ya ku Bulgaria inayamba kutumiza madikoni achichepere kumeneko kuti akaphunzire maluso ofunikira, pambuyo pake anaikidwa kukhala ansembe m’matchalitchi a ku Bulgaria.
Chifukwa cha kuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba kwa Sofia, kochitidwa ndi ndege ya Anglo-America m’ngululu ya 1944, tchalitchi cha chigawo cha Russia mumsewu wa “Kaloyan” chinawonongeka kwambiri, komabe, ngakhale m’tchalitchi chowonongedwa theka, chinayatsa. ndi makandulo ndi nyali zokha, misonkhano inkapitirira m'mawa uliwonse ndi usiku uliwonse. Pa March 30, 1944, pa bomba lankhanza kwambiri, kachisiyo anawonongedwa, wansembe wamkulu Nikolay Vladimirski anamwalira. Mwambo wamalirowo unakondweretsedwa ndi Bishopu Seraphim pamodzi ndi abale a ku nyumba ya amonke ya Kokalyan. Munali mu September 1944 pamene anthu anapeza mabwinja a kholo lakufayo pansi pa zinyalala ndi kuziika m’chigawo cha ku Russia cha Manda a Sofia. Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a khonsolo ya parishiyo anawonongeka ndi moto, mozizwitsa chifaniziro cha chitseko cha St. Nicholas chokha, mbale yamkuwa yokhala ndi chifaniziro cha Nicholas Wodabwitsa, mbale ya zofukizira yasiliva ndi zoikamo za Mauthenga Abwino zomwe zinatenthedwa zinapulumuka.
Kufalitsidwa mu Chibugariya: Kukhalabe anthu/Mbiri ndi zipembedzo zolembedwa ndi Olga Reshetnikova – Mu SVET, Nkhani 3/2022
Chitsime: podvorie-sofia.bg
