Ho tsosolosa ha se boikarabelo feela; ke mokhoa oa bophelo o amoheloang ke batho ba Sweden, ho etsa hore naha e be moetapele oa taolo ea litšila e tsitsitseng. U ka ’na ua makala ha u tseba seo hape 99% ea litšila tsa malapa e sebelisoa hape kapa e sebelisoa hape, ho bontša boitlamo bo tebileng ba tikoloho. Sweden e sebelisa mahlale a macha le maano, e u nolofalletsang ho kenya letsoho ka mafolofolo mokhatlong ona o bolokang tikoloho. Ka matšolo a tlhokomeliso ea sechaba 'me mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlopha, o ka kenya letsoho tsamaisong e ntseng e atleha ea ho sebelisa lintho tse phelang hape e fokotsang litšila le ho khothaletsa katleho ea lisebelisoa.
Kakaretso ea Maano a Sweden a Recycling
Ka lilemo tse mashome, Sweden e sebelisitse maano a matla a ho tsosolosa a etselitsoeng ho theha tikoloho e tsitsitseng. Melawana ena e ikemiseditse ho fokotsa ditshila le ho kgothalletsa ho sebediswa hape makaleng ohle a setjhaba. U tla fumana hore mekhoa e mecha ea Sweden ha e khothalletse boikarabelo ba motho ka mong feela empa e boetse e kopanya mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tsamaiso ea litšila, e etsa hore e be mohlala ho lichaba tse ling.
Mohopolo oa nalane
Melawana e mabapi le ho ntlafatswa ha ditshila naheng ya Sweden e qadile mathwasong a bo-1990 ha setjhaba se ne se etelletsa pele phokotso ya matlakala. Mehato e kang ea Tefiso ea 1994 ea ho Recycling e ne e reretsoe ho fokotsa bothata bo ntseng bo hola ba litšila, ho etsa hore ho bososela e se be mosebetsi oa sechaba feela empa hape e le tloaelo ea setso. U ka elelloa hore leeto la Sweden le tšoauoa ka boitlamo ba ntlafatso e tsoelang pele le boitlamo ba sechaba bo reretsoeng ho khothaletsa tikoloho e bonolo ea ho sebelisoa hape.
Melawana ya Hona Jwale
Ka tlase ke e meng ea melaoana ea bohlokoa e bopang boemo ba hajoale ba Sweden ba ho sebelisa hape. U tla fumana hore Sweden e sebelisa molao o felletseng oa taolo ea litšila o laelang hore ho be le litefiso 90% bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho paka. Ntle le sena, naha e sebelisa melao e thata mabapi le ho bokelloa le ho hlopha lintho tse ka sebelisoang hape, ho netefatsa hore ho na le mekhoa e metle ea ho hlaphoheloa sechabeng sohle.
Ho feta moo, melaoana ena e ts'ehetsa matsapa a kang merero ea ho khutlisa depositi bakeng sa lijana tsa lino, e u qobellang ho nahana habeli pele u lahla lintho ka bohlasoa. Ka sepheo sa ho fihlela a moruo o potolohileng, Sweden e nka mehato e matla ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho khothalletsa ho tšoarella. U tla thabela ho tseba hore boiteko bona ha bo ntlafatse bophelo ba sechaba sa heno feela empa bo boetse bo khothalletsa moetlo oa tlhokomelo ea tikoloho har'a baahi.
Mahlale a macha a ho Recycling
Ha re nka hore u karolo ea leeto le lebisang bokamosong bo tsitsitseng, mahlale a morao-rao a fetola mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa hape Sweden. Lintlafatso tsena ha li ntlafatse ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso hape, empa hape li bula tsela bakeng sa mokhoa o baballang tikoloho, ho netefatsa hore boiteko ba hau bo kenya letsoho molemong o moholo oa ho hlokomela tikoloho.
Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlopha
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho sebelisa hape ka katleho ke ho kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho hlopha. Litsamaiso tsena li sebelisa theknoloji ea morao-rao ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha karohano ea thepa. Tse ling tsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Mekhoa e Tsoetseng Pele ea ho Hlopha
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Litharollo tsa Matla a Matla
Ka bongata bo ntseng bo eketseha ba litšila, litharollo tsa Waste-to-Energy li ntse li hlokahala. Litheknoloji tsena li fetolela litšila hore e be matla a ka nchafatsoang, 'me li thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matlakala haholo.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lits'ebetso tsa Waste-to-Energy ha li hlahise matla feela empa hape li fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše. Ka ho sebelisa mahlale a tsoetseng pele a ho chesa, lits'ebetso tsena li ka fetola litšila hore e be motlakase, tsa sebetsa joalo ka mohloli oa matla o tsitsitseng. Phetoho ena ha e thuse feela ho laola litšila ka katleho empa e boetse e tšehetsa moruo oa heno ka ho fokotsa ho itshetleha ka mafura a mafura. Ho kenya letsoho litloaelong tsena ho ka u fa matla a ho kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o motle bophelong ba tikoloho.
Kopano ea Sechaba le Thuto
O bapala karolo ea bohlokoa boitekong ba Sweden ba ho nchafatsa lintho ka ho sebelisana le sechaba le thuto. Ka ho nka karolo mererong ea lehae, u ka khothaletsa moetlo o ananelang ho tšoarella le ho khothaletsa ho lahla litšila ka boikarabelo. Ha sechaba se sebelisana 'moho le mebuso ea lehae, se etsa tlhokomeliso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa, e leng ho u nolofalletsang ho sebelisa mekhoa ena bophelong ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Matšolo a Temoso ho Sechaba
Ka morao ho litefiso tse khahlehang tsa ho recycle tsa Sweden ho na le matšolo a pharalletseng a tlhokomeliso ea sechaba a reretsoeng ho u tsebisa ka bohlokoa ba ho tsosolosa le tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea litšila. Matšolo ana a sebelisa liforomo tse fapaneng tsa mecha ea litaba, joalo ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, liketsahalo tsa sechaba, le lisebelisoa tse rutang, ho netefatsa hore u na le tsebo e hlokahalang ho etsa liqeto tse nang le boikarabelo mabapi le ho lahla litšila.
Mananeo a Thuto Likolong
Thuto e na le karolo e kholo ea ho kenya litloaelo tsa ho sebelisoa hape har'a bacha. Likolo tsa Sweden li kenyelletse thuto ea ho sebelisa lintho tse sebelisoang hape ka har'a manane a thuto, e nolofalletsang bana ho ithuta ka karohano ea litšila le boikarabello ba tikoloho ho tloha ba sa le banyenyane.
Ka ho kopanela mesebetsi ya matsoho 'me dithuto tse sebetsanang, mananeo ana a thuto a ikemiselitse ho hlomella liithuti ka litsebo tse sebetsang le tsebo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khothaletsa mekhoa e tsitsitseng lapeng le metseng ea bona. Ka ho kenyelletsa baithuti ho merero ea ho tsosolosa le litlholisano, matsapa ana a holisa maikutlo a boikarabello le motlotlo ka bokhoni ba bona ba ho kenya letsoho ka nepo tikolohong ea bona. Motheo ona oa tlhokomeliso le ts'ebetso e ka lebisa boitlamo bo sa feleng ba ho sebelisa hape bo fetelang ka nģ'ane ho phaposi ea ho rutela le bophelong ba bona ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Seabo sa Puso le Melaoli ea Libaka
Maemo ohle a mmuso Sweden a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng tikoloho e loketseng ho sebelisoa hape. Ka ho sebelisana le balaoli ba libaka, ba tiisa melao, ba beha lipehelo tsa ts'ebetso, le ho theha mananeo a sechaba a khothalletsang mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea taolo ea litšila. Mokhoa ona o momahaneng o netefatsa hore o na le phihlello ea litsamaiso tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho sebelisoa hape 'me o khothaletsa ho nka karolo ha boikitlaetso bo baballang tikoloho.
Phethahatso ea Leano
Mabapi le boitlamo ba Sweden ba ho recycle e bonahala ts'ebetsong ea eona e phethahetseng ea leano. Ba boholong sebakeng sena ba filoe mosebetsi oa ho tiisa melao e thata ea karohano ea litšila le ho khothaletsa mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa hape e tsamaellanang le merero ea naha. Mokhoa ona oa leano o u nolofalletsa ho utloisisa boikarabello ba hau habonolo le ho kenya letsoho ka mafolofolo taolong ea litšila e nang le boikarabelo.
Lichelete le Litšusumetso
Lithuso tsa lichelete li bohlokoa ho kenya tšebetsong mananeo a atlehileng a ho sebelisa hape Sweden. Ba boholong sebakeng sa heno ba fumana tšehetso ea 'muso ho nts'etsapele litšebeletso tsa motheo le ho u fa lisebelisoa, ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebeletso tsa pokello, litsi tsa ho e sebelisa, le masolo a thuto a khothaletsang ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo.
'Me, ka ho kopanya lichelete tsa sechaba le likhothaletso tse ncha, balaoli ba lehae ba ka ntlafatsa boiteko ba ho tsosolosa. Sena se kenyeletsa lithuso bakeng sa likhoebo tse bolokang tikoloho 'me meputso ea lichelete bakeng sa batho ka bomong ba ikakhelang ka setotsoana mosebetsing oa ho tsosolosa. Mehato e joalo ha e khothalletse feela tloaelo ea ho sebelisa lintho hape empa hape e netefatsa hore u ikutloa u susumelletseha ho kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o nepahetseng lipakaneng tsa ts'ebetso tsa sechaba sa heno.
Lipale tsa Katleho tse tsoang ho Sechaba sa Sweden
Ho fapana le libaka tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara, baahi ba Sweden ba bontšitse katleho e makatsang ho buella boiteko ba ho nchafatsa lintho. Mananeo a macha le matsapa a tsamaisoang ke sechaba a lebisitse ntlafatsong e kholo taolong ea litšila. Ka ho sebelisana le baahi, bomasepala ba thehile tloaelo ea setso mabapi le botsitso, e susumetsang libaka tse ling ho latela mohlala ona. Lipale tsena tsa katleho li fana ka mohlala oa kamoo liketso tse kopanetsoeng li ka fellang ka maemo a sebetsang hantle, a bonolo a ho sebelisoa hape.
Thuto-pale: Malmö
Malmö e se e le pula-maliboho ea ho tsosolosa, ho kenya ts'ebetsong tsamaiso e matla ea tsamaiso ea litšila e etelletsang pele melao-motheo ea moruo oa potoloho. Ka mananeo a felletseng a thuto le liteishene tse fihlellehang tsa ho sebelisoa hape, baahi ba tšoarehile 'me ba tsebisoa ka phello ea bona ea tikoloho, e leng se lebisang ho eketseheng ha litefiso tsa ho sebelisa hape.
Mohlala: Stockholm
Hoo e ka bang 60% ea litšila tse hlahisoang Stockholm joale li se li sebelisoa hape, ka lebaka la mekhoa e mecha le ho kenya letsoho sechabeng. Toropo e hlahisitse mekhoa e bohlale ea taolo ea litšila, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa pokello ea lithōle ka tlas'a lefatše, ho fokotsa matlakala le ho khothaletsa phepelo ea matlakala.
Katleho ea Stockholm e bakoa ke mokhoa o nang le mekhoa e mengata e kenyelletsang ho pharaletseng matšolo a tlhokomeliso ea sechaba 'me likamano tsa maano le likhoebo tsa lehae. Ka ho kenyelletsa baahi ka mafolofolo ka lithupelo le liphephetso tsa ho sebelisa hape, 'masepala o khothalelitse boitlamo bo matla mekhoeng ea moshoelella. Tsepamiso ena ea lipuisano tsa sechaba e tiisa hore baahi ba motlotlo ka tlatsetso ea bona tikolohong, e leng se bakang ho phokotso e hlokomelehang litšila tsa lithōle le moetlo o ntseng o tsoela pele oa ho sebelisoa hape.
Mathata le Lipakane Tsa Bokamoso
Ho fihlela tikoloho e hlileng e leng botsoalle, Sweden e tobane le liqholotso tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa tlhoko ea tlhokomeliso e matlafalitsoeng ea sechaba, hammoho le mahlale a macha a ka sebetsanang hantle le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Ho leka-lekanya kholo ea moruo le mekhoa ea moshoelella ha ho ntse ho netefatsa phihlello e lekanang ea lisebelisoa tsa ho sebelisoa hape e ntse e le sepheo sa bohlokoa. Boitlamo ba Sweden ba ho hlola litšitiso tsena qetellong bo tla bopa bokamoso ba eona e le moetapele oa mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho sebelisa hape.
Litšitiso Boitekong ba ho Recycle
Ka morao ho litefiso tse khahlang tsa Sweden tsa ho sebelisa hape ho na le liqholotso tse joalo ka tšilafalo libakeng tse ntseng li sebelisoa hape le khaello ea lisebelisoa tse lekaneng libakeng tse ling. U ka fumana hore kutloisiso ea sechaba ka se ka sebelisoang hape e fokola, e leng ho etsang hore thepa ea bohlokoa e qetelle e le litsing tsa lithōle. Ho rarolla likheo tsena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mananeo a ho recycle.
Pono ea Bokamoso bo tsitsitseng
Recycling e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ponong ea Sweden bakeng sa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng, ka sepheo sa ho koala sekheo sa lintho tse bonahalang. Ka ho toboketsa metheo ea moruo e potolohang, o ka lebella phetoho ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso, ho khothaletsa tšebeliso hape, le ho netefatsa mekhoa e metle ea ho e sebelisa hape. Qetellong, pono ena e bona sechaba se fokotsa litšila haholo ha se ntse se sireletsa tikoloho ea hau bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
Lipakane Tsa bakeng sa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng Sweden kenyeletsa ho finyella a sekhahla sa ho recycle ea 70% ka 2025 le ho khothaletsa mekhoa e mecha ea ho laola litšila tse etelletsang pele phetoho ea lisebelisoa. Ha re totobatsa thuto, Sweden e ikemiselitse ho matlafatsa uena le sechaba sa heno, ho khothaletsa ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo mererong ea ho nchafatsa lintho. Ka tšebelisano-'moho le ho ikamahanya le maemo, bokamoso bo hloekileng, bo botala ha se toro feela empa ke 'nete e haufi le uena.
Mantsoe ho qetela
Hajoale, u ka bona kamoo mehato e ncha ea Sweden e bulang tsela bakeng sa tikoloho e bonolo ea ho e sebelisa hape. Ka ho kenya ts'ebetsong maano a sebetsang hantle, ho sebelisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele, le ho khothaletsa ho nka karolo ha baahi, u na le monyetla oa ho kenya letsoho bokamosong bo tsitsitseng. Ho sebelisana le mofuta oa Sweden ho ka u khothaletsa ho sebelisa mekhoa e tšoanang sebakeng sa heno. Ho amohela maqheka ana a macha ha ho thuse tikoloho feela empa ho boetse ho khothalletsa moetlo oa boikarabelo le tlhokomeliso. Ha o ntse o shebile bokamoso, nahana ka moo diketso tsa hao di ka tshehetsang le ho kgothalletsa matsapa a moshwelella a ho tsosolosa hape.
LBH
P: Ke maano afe a macha ao Sweden e a sebelisitseng ho ntlafatsa litefiso tsa ho sebelisoa hape?
K: Sweden e amohetse letoto la maqheka a macha a ho nyolla litefiso tsa ho sebelisoa hape, ho kenyeletsoa le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho hlophisa litšila le ho hlahisa maano a ho khutlisa depositi. Maiteko ana a khothaletsa baahi ho khutlisa libotlolo le makotikoti bakeng sa khothatso ea lichelete, ho eketsa haholo sekhahla sa ho sebelisoa hape ha lintho tsena. Ho feta moo, Sweden e totobatsa matšolo a thuto ea sechaba a totobatsang bohlokoa ba ho sebelisa mekhoa e metle le e baballang tikoloho.
P: Sweden e laola mokhoa oa eona oa ho bokella litšila joang?
K: Sweden e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho bokella litšila ka mekhahlelo e mengata o arolang litšila ka lisebelisuoa tse fapaneng tse kang lipolasetiki, litšepe, pampiri le litšila tsa tlhaho. Malapa a fuoa meqomo e arohaneng bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa litšila, e leng se nolofalletsang ho hlopha hantle mohloling. Bomasepala hangata ba fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa pokello ea li-curbside, e leng ho nolofalletsang baahi ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho sebelisa hape. Sistimi e tšehelitsoe ke melao e thata e khothaletsang boikamahanyo le botsitso.
P: Thuto e na le karolo efe boikitlaetsong ba Sweden?
K: Thuto e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khothaletseng tikoloho e bonolo ea ho sebelisoa hape Sweden. Likolo li kenyelletsa mehopolo ea ts'ebetso ho likharikhulamo tsa tsona, li ruta baithuti bohlokoa ba ho sebelisa hape le taolo e nang le boikarabelo ea taolo ea litšila ho tloha bocheng. Matšolo a sechaba a boetse a phatlalatsa tlhahisoleseling ka mecha ea litaba e fapaneng, ho khothaletsa mekhoa e metle ea ho arola litšila le ho e sebelisa hape. Khatello ena ea thuto e thusa ho aha moetlo oa boikarabello ba tikoloho har'a baahi.
P: Sweden e atlehile hakae ho fihlela lipheo tsa eona tsa ho e sebelisa hape?
K: Sweden e bile le katleho e kholo ho fihlelleng lipheo tse khahlang tsa ho sebelisa hape, ka litefiso tsa ho recycle li feta 99% bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse itseng, joalo ka libotlolo tsa polasetiki. Naha e entse khatelo-pele e kholo ho fokotsa litšila tse romelloang litsing tsa lithōle, 'me ho setse karoloana e nyane feela ea litšila e sa sebetsoa. Liphihlello tsena li bonts'a boitlamo ba Sweden ho ts'ebetsong le ho sebetsa e le mohlala bakeng sa linaha tse ling tse batlang ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea tsona ea ho tsosolosa.
P: Ke liqholotso life tseo Sweden e tobanang le tsona mererong ea eona ea ho e sebelisa hape?
K: Leha e atlehile, Sweden e tobane le liqholotso tse 'maloa boikitlaetsong ba eona ba ho sebelisa hape, ho kenyeletsoa tšilafalo mecheng ea metsi le tlhokeho ea hore sechaba se kopane kamehla ho boloka litefiso tse phahameng tsa ho sebelisa hape. Ho feta moo, ha mekhoa ea tšebeliso e ntse e fetoha, ho hlaha mefuta e mecha ea litšila e hlokang tharollo e ncha. Ho sebetsana le liqholotso tsena ho kenyelletsa ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea mahlale a morao-rao, thuto, le litšebeletso tsa motheo ho ntlafatsa katleho ea boiteko ba ho e sebelisa hape.
