Endaweni eqhelile, ingxube yezindlela ze-geophysical ikhomba ukudluliswa kwe-magma ngaphansi kolwandle njengembangela.
Ngisho nasogwini lwase-Antarctica, izintaba-mlilo zingatholakala. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kuka-85,000 kwaqoshwa ngo-2020 endaweni yentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwe-Orca, ebingasebenzi isikhathi eside, ukuzamazama komhlaba okufinyelele ezingeni elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili kulesi sifunda. Iqiniso lokuthi izehlakalo ezinjalo zingacutshungulwa futhi zichazwe ngemininingwane emangalisayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izindawo ezingasetshenziswa kahle, manje kuboniswa ucwaningo lwethimba lamazwe ngamazwe elishicilelwe kujenali. Ezokuxhumana Umhlaba kanye Nemvelo.
Abacwaningi baseGermany, Italy, Poland, naseMelika bebebambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo obeluholwa nguSimone Cesca weGerman Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) Potsdam. Bakwazi ukuhlanganisa amasu okuzamazama komhlaba, i-geodetic, kanye ne-remote sensing ukuze banqume ukuthi ukudluliswa okusheshayo kwe-magma kusuka ku-Earth mantle eduze nomngcele we-crust-mantle cishe endaweni okubangele ukuzamazama komhlaba.
I-volcano ye-Orca phakathi kwechopho laseNingizimu Melika ne-Antarctica
Ukuzamazama kwe-swarm kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinentaba-mlilo. Ngakho-ke kusolwa ukuhamba koketshezi oqweqweni loMhlaba njengembangela. I-Orca seamount iyintaba-mlilo enkulu evikela umkhumbi-ngwenya enobude obungamamitha angaba ngu-900 ngaphezu kolwandle kanye nobubanzi obuyisisekelo obungamakhilomitha angu-11. Itholakala e-Bransfield Strait, umzila wolwandle phakathi kweNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic kanye neziQhingi zaseNingizimu Shetland, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yechopho eliseningizimu ye-Argentina.
“Phambilini, ukuzamazama komhlaba bekulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, ngo-August 2020, kwaqala lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kuka-85,000 phakathi nengxenye yonyaka. Imele isiyaluyalu sokuzamazama komhlaba esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zaqoshwa lapho,” kubika u-Simone Cesca, usosayensi we-GFZ's Section 2.1 Earthquake and Volcano Physics kanye nombhali oholayo wocwaningo olushicilelwe manje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo noswebezane, ukususwa kwendawo ebheke eceleni okungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayishumi kanye nokuphakanyiswa okuncane okungaba yisentimitha elilodwa kwarekhodwa esiQhingini esingumakhelwane i-King George.
Izinselelo zocwaningo endaweni ekude
U-Cesca wafunda le micimbi nozakwabo abavela ku-National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS kanye ne-University of Bologna (Italy), i-Polish Academy of Sciences, i-Leibniz University Hannover, i-German Aerospace Centre (DLR) kanye ne-University of Potsdam. Inselelo yayiwukuthi zimbalwa izisetshenziswa ezivamile zokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni eqhelile, okuyiziteshi ezimbili kuphela zokuzamazama komhlaba nezimbili ze-GNSS (iziteshi ezingaphansi Gglobal Nukubanga Si-atellite Sisistimu ekala ukufuduka komhlabathi). Ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha ukulandelana kwezikhathi nokuthuthukiswa kweziyaluyalu futhi kutholwe imbangela yako, ithimba ngakho-ke lihlaziye idatha evela eziteshini ezikude zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nedatha evela kumasathelayithi e-InSAR, asebenzisa i-radar interferometry ukukala ukufuduka komhlabathi. Isinyathelo esibalulekile kwaba ukumodela izehlakalo ngezindlela eziningi ze-geophysical ukuze kuchazwe idatha ngendlela efanele.
Ukwakha kabusha izehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba
Abacwaningi bahlehlisele emuva ukuqala kwezinxushunxushu kwaze kwaba mhlaka-10 Agasti 2020 futhi banweba ikhathalogi yokuqala yokuzamazama komhlaba, equkethe ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-128 kuphela, izehlakalo ezingaphezu kuka-85,000. Uquqaba lwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okubili ngomhlaka-2 Okthoba (Mw 5.9) kanye no-6 Novemba (Mw 6.0) 2020 ngaphambi kokudamba. NgoFebhuwari 2021, umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba wawusehle kakhulu.
Ososayensi bahlonza ukungena kwe-magma, ukufuduka komthamo omkhulu we-magma, njengembangela eyinhloko yokuzamazama komhlaba, ngoba izinqubo zokuzamazama komhlaba zizodwa azikwazi ukuchaza ukuguquguquka okuqinile komhlaba okubonwayo e-King George Island. Ukuba khona kwe-volumetric magma intrusion kungaqinisekiswa ngokuzimela ngesisekelo sedatha ye-geodetic.
Kusukela kumsuka wako, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuqale kufudukele phezulu kwase kulandela ngemuva: ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile, okuhlangene kuhunyushwa njengokusabela kokusakazeka kwe-magma okuma mpo kusuka endaweni eyichibi elisendaweni engaphezulu noma emngceleni we-crust-mantle, kuyilapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okungashoni, kunwebeka i-NE-SW. kuqalwe phezu kwe-magma dike ekhula eceleni, efinyelela ubude obungamakhilomitha angama-20.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwehle kungazelelwe maphakathi no-November, ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zomsebenzi oqhubekayo, ngokubhalelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kakhulu ochungechungeni, ngesilinganiso esingu-Mw 6.0. Ukuphela koquqaba kungachazwa ngokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ku-magma dike, okuhambisana nokushelela kwephutha elikhulu, futhi kungase kuphawule isikhathi sokuqhuma kolwandle, kodwa, okwakungakaqinisekiswa ngenye idatha.
Ngokumodela idatha ye-GNSS kanye ne-InSAR, ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ivolumu yokungena kwe-Bransfield magmatic ikubanga elingu-0.26-0.56 km³. Lokho kwenza lesi siqephu sibe neziyaluyalu ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaqashwa ngokwe-geophysically e-Antarctica.
Isiphetho
U-Simone Cesca uyaphetha: “Ucwaningo lwethu lumelela uphenyo olusha oluyimpumelelo lwezinxushunxushu ze-seismo-volcanic endaweni eqhelile eMhlabeni, lapho ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-seismology, i-geodesy, nezindlela zokuzwa ezikude zisetshenziswa ukuze kuqondwe izinqubo zokuzamazama komhlaba nokuthuthwa kwe-magma ngendlela engafanele. izindawo. Lesi ngesinye sezimo ezimbalwa lapho singasebenzisa khona amathuluzi e-geophysical ukubona ukungena kwe-magma isuka emngceleni wengubo engenhla noma emngceleni we-crust-mantle iye oqweqweni olungajulile - ukudluliselwa ngokushesha kwe-magma isuka kusigqoko iye cishe endaweni ethatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. .”
Ireferensi: "Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okuqhutshwa ukungena okumangalisayo eBransfield Strait, Antarctica" nguSimone Cesca, Monica Sugan, Łukasz Rudzinski, Sanaz Vajedian, Peter Niemz, Simon Plank, Gesa Petersen, Zhiguo Deng, Eleonora Rivalta, Alessandro Vuan, U-Plasencia Linares, u-Sebastian Heimann no-Torsten Dahm, 11 Ephreli 2022, Ezokuxhumana Umhlaba Nemvelo.
DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00418-5
