Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻAha Kuleana o ʻEulopa e ʻae ʻole i ka noi no ka manaʻo aʻoaʻo i waiho ʻia e ka Council of Europe's Committee on Bioethics (DH-BIO) ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 o ka ʻO ka Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (“ka Oviedo Convention”). ʻO ka olelo hooholo he hope loa. Ua noi ka DH-BIO i ka ʻAha Kuleana o ʻEulopa e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo aʻoaʻo no nā nīnau ʻelua e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā pono kanaka a me ka hanohano o ka poʻe me nā maʻi noʻonoʻo i mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana a/a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana. Ua hōʻole ka ʻAha i ka noi no ka mea, ʻoiai ua hōʻoia ʻia, ma ke ʻano maʻamau, kona mana e hāʻawi i nā manaʻo aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 o ka Oviedo Convention, ʻaʻole i komo nā nīnau i hāpai ʻia i loko o ka mākaukau o ka ʻAha.
ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i loaʻa ai i ka ʻAha ʻEulopa kahi noi no ka manaʻo aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 o ka Hui ʻo Oviedo. ʻAʻole pono e huikau ia mau noi me nā noi no ka manaʻo aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ke Kumukānāwai No. o nā kuleana a me nā kuokoa i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka European Convention on Human Rights a i 'ole kona Protocols.
kāʻei kua
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke noi no kahi manaʻo aʻoaʻo ma 3 Dekemaba 2019.
ʻO nā nīnau i waiho ʻia e ke Kōmike Bioethics i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa ka akaka ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano o ka wehewehe kānāwai o ka Paukū 7 o ka Oviedo Convention, me ka manaʻo e hāʻawi i ke alakaʻi kāna hana i kēia manawa a me ka wā e hiki mai ana ma kēia wahi. Penei na ninau.
(1) Ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka Oviedo Convention "e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā mea āpau, me ka hoʻokae ʻole ʻana. mahalo i ko lākou kūpaʻa" (Pauku 1 Oviedo Convention), ʻo ia nā "kūlana pale" i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Paukū 7 o ka Hui ʻO Oviedo e pono i kahi Moku'āina lālā e hoʻoponopono e hoʻokō i nā koi liʻiliʻi o ka pale?
(2) I ka hihia o ka mālama ʻana i kahi maʻi noʻonoʻo e hāʻawi ʻia me ka ʻole o ka ʻae o ka mea pili a me ka manaʻo e pale aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi (ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia e ka Paukū 7 akā hāʻule i loko o ka mana o ka Paukū 26 (1) o ka Oviedo Convention), pono anei e pili nā kūlana pale e like me nā mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka nīnau 1?
I Iune 2020 ua kono ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻaelike i ka European Convention on Human Rights (“the European Convention”) e pane i ka nīnau o ka mana o ka ʻAha, e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau manaʻo ma ke noi a ka DH-BIO, a e hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pili. kānāwai kūloko a me ka hana. Ua ʻae ʻia nā hui kīwila e komo i nā hana: ʻO ka pono; ka Hui Pū ʻIa Kūʻokoʻa, ka Hui Kūkākūkā o ʻEulopa, Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa, Autism ʻEulopa a Ola noʻonoʻo ʻEulopa (jointly); a me ka Center for the Human Rights of Users and Survive of Psychiatry.
Ua nānā ʻia ke noi no ka wehewehe ʻana e ka Hale Nui.
Olelo Hooholo a ka Aha
Ua ʻike ka ʻAha he mana ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā manaʻo aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 o ka Convention Oviedo, a ua hoʻoholo i ke ʻano, ka laulā a me nā palena o ia mana. 'Ōlelo 29 o ka Oviedo Convention e hiki i ka 'Aha ke hāʻawi i nā manaʻo aʻoaʻo no nā "nīnau kānāwai" e pili ana i ka "wehewehe" o ka "Convention o kēia manawa". Hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia kēlā huaʻōlelo i ka makahiki 1995 i ka wā i kākoʻo ai ka ʻAha i ka manaʻo o ka lawe ʻana i kahi hana wehewehe, e huki ana i ka huaʻōlelo o ka mea i kēia manawa ʻo Pauku 47 § 1 o ka Hui ʻEulopa. No ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "kūpono" i loko o ia ʻatikala e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo e kāpae i ka mana o ka ʻAha e pili ana i nā mea pili i nā kulekele a me nā nīnau i hele aʻe ma mua o ka unuhi wale ʻana i ka kikokikona, pono ke noi ʻia ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 i kahi like like. ka palena a me nā nīnau i nīnau ʻia no laila he ʻano "kūpono".
Ua pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wehewehe kuʻikahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Paukū 31-33 o ka Hui ʻo Vienna. ʻOiai ke mālama nei ka ʻAha i ka Convention ma ke ʻano he mea ola e unuhi ʻia ma ka ʻike o nā kūlana o kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe kumu like ma ka Paukū 29 e lawe i ke ʻano like i ka Convention Oviedo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka European Convention, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Oviedo Convention ma ke ʻano he framework instrument / kuʻikahi e hōʻike ana i nā pono kanaka koʻikoʻi a me nā loina ma ka wahi o ka biomedicine, e hoʻomohala hou ʻia e pili ana i nā kahua kikoʻī ma o nā protocols.
ʻOiai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i kāpae nā ʻōlelo kūpono o ka Convention i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o kahi hana hoʻokolokolo ma ka ʻAha e pili ana i nā kuʻikahi pono kanaka ʻē aʻe i hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o ka ʻaha kūkā o ʻEulopa, ua kau ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano o kona mana ma lalo. ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia kāna mea hana kumu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kaʻina hana i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka Paukū 29 o ka ʻaha kūkā o Oviedo ma ke ʻano like ʻole me ka manaʻo o ka Paukū 47 § 2 o ka Convention, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kāna hana hoʻokolokolo mua ma ke ʻano he ʻaha hoʻokolokolo honua e lawelawe ana i ka pono ma lalo o ka Convention.
Ma na ike i loaa mai na Aupuni mai, ua manao kekahi poe, aole i makaukau ka Aha e pane i na ninau, mamuli o ka Paukū 47 § 2 o ka Hui Europa. Ua hāʻawi kekahi i nā manaʻo like ʻole e pili ana i nā "kūlana pale" e hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao o ka Mokuʻāina i ka Oviedo Convention. Ua hōʻike ka hapa nui o lākou ua hāʻawi ko lākou kānāwai kūloko i nā hana ʻole e pili ana i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi noʻonoʻo kahi e pono ai kēia e pale i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai ka pōʻino nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ia mau hana e nā ʻōlelo like, a ua kau ʻia i nā kūlana palekana e like me nā hana e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe i pili mai ka hana ʻino iā lākou iho. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā kumu ʻelua no ka hana ʻole ʻana he mea paʻakikī loa, ʻoiai he nui nā pathologies i pilikia i ka mea pili a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo maʻamau o nā haʻawina ʻekolu i loaʻa mai nā hui komo ʻana ʻo ia ka Paukū 7 a me 26 o ka Oviedo Convention i kūpono ʻole me ka Kuikahi no na Kuleana o na Kanaka Kino (CRPD). ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokau ʻana me ka ʻole o ka ʻae ʻana he kūʻē i ka CRPD. Ua kūʻē kēlā hana i nā loina o ka hanohano, ka hoʻokae ʻole a me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka palekana o ke kanaka, a ua uhaki i kekahi ʻano o nā ʻōlelo CRPD, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Paukū 14 o kēlā mea hana. Ua hōʻoia ka CRPD o nā ʻaoʻao a pau i ka Convention Oviedo, e like me nā mea āpau akā hoʻokahi wale nō o nā 47 Contracting States i ka European Convention. Pono ka ʻAha e hoʻoikaika i ka wehewehe like ʻana ma waena o nā ʻōlelo pili o ka European Convention, ka Oviedo Convention a me ka CRPD.
I ka manaʻo o ka ʻAha, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe hou ʻia nā "kūlana pale" a nā ʻāina lālā e hoʻoponopono ai e hoʻokō i nā koi liʻiliʻi o ka pale ʻana ma lalo o ka Paukū 7 o ka Oviedo Convention ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe hou ʻia e ka wehewehe hoʻokolokolo abstract. Ua maopopo ua hōʻike kēia hāʻawi i kahi koho noʻonoʻo e waiho i kahi degere o ka latitu i nā Moku'āina e hoʻoholo, me nā kikoʻī piha, nā kūlana pale e pili ana i kā lākou kānāwai kūloko ma kēia ʻano. No ka manaʻo e pili ana i nā loina o ka Convention kūpono, ua ʻōlelo hou ka ʻAha i kāna mana aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ka Oviedo Convention e hana e like me ka mālama ʻana i kona mana ma lalo o ka European Convention, ma mua o nā mea āpau me kāna hana hoʻokolokolo mua ma ke ʻano he ʻaha hoʻokolokolo honua e lawelawe ana. ka pono. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e wehewehe i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a i ʻole nā loina jurisprudential o ka Convention. ʻOiai ʻo nā manaʻo o ka ʻAha ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a no laila ʻaʻole paʻa, e mana mau ana ka pane a kau ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka Hui ʻEulopa ponoʻī e like me ka Convention Oviedo a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kona mana hoʻopaʻapaʻa mua.
Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ka ʻAha, ʻoiai ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻaha ʻo Oviedo, ʻo nā koi no nā mokuʻāina ma lalo o kāna Paukū 7 e pili ana i nā mea ma lalo o ka Hui ʻEulopa, ʻoiai i kēia manawa, ʻo nā mokuʻāina āpau i hōʻoia i ka mua. paa e ka hope. No laila, pono e hoʻokō nā mea palekana i loko o ke kānāwai kūloko e pili ana i nā "kūlana pale" o ka Paukū 7 o ka Convention Oviedo i nā koi o nā ʻōlelo kūpono o ka European Convention, e like me ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka ʻAha ma o kāna hihia nui e pili ana i ka. ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi noʻonoʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia kēlā hihia-lawe e ka ʻAha hoʻokolokolo hoʻoholo i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka Convention, i alakaʻi ʻia hoʻi e ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kūlana kānāwai a me nā kūlana olakino. No laila, pono e hōʻoia nā mana kūloko kūpono i ke kānāwai aupuni a kūpaʻa piha me nā kūlana kūpono ma lalo o ka European Convention, me nā mea e kau ana i nā kuleana maikaʻi i nā mokuʻāina e hōʻoia i ka hauʻoli pono i nā pono kumu.
No kēia mau kumu, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā koi liʻiliʻi no ka "hoʻoponopono" ma lalo o ka Paukū 7 o ka Oviedo Convention, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka "hoʻokō ʻana i ka maopopo" e pili ana i ia mau koi e pili ana i nā hoʻoholo a me nā hoʻoholo a ka ʻAha e pili ana i nā hana hoʻokō ʻole e pili ana i ka poʻe me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo. e lilo i kumu no ka manaʻo aʻoaʻo i noi ʻia ma lalo o ka Paukū 29 o ia palapala. No laila, ʻaʻole i loko o ka mana o ka ʻaha ka nīnau 1. No ka ninau 2, i ukali ia mai ka ninau mua a pili loa me ia, ua noonoo ka Aha aole ia e hiki ke pane.
