Ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Kent i kahi ʻano makemakika honua e hiki ke wehewehe i nā hua manu a pau i loko o ke ʻano, kahi mea i loaʻa ʻole ma mua.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hua ua lōʻihi ka huki ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe makemakika, ʻenekinia a me nā mea olaola mai kahi ʻano analytical.
Ua mahalo nui ʻia ke ʻano no kona hoʻololi ʻana, ʻo ia ka nui e hoʻomoe i kahi embryo, liʻiliʻi e puka mai i waho o ke kino ma ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ma mua o ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai, ikaika ikaika e amo i ke kaumaha a hānau i 10,500 nā ʻano i ola i nā dinosaurs. Kapa ʻia ka hua manu ʻo "ke ʻano kūpono".
Hoʻohana ʻia ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻano hua manu ʻehā: he pōʻai, he ellipsoid, he ʻano hua manu a me ke ʻano ʻano pea (conical) me kahi ʻano makemakika o ke ʻano pear i loaʻa ʻole mai.
ʻO ka manaʻo maʻamau o ke ʻano o ka "hua manu" he oval, me ka ʻaoʻao kikoʻī a me ka ʻaoʻao pōpō, a ʻo ka kiko ākea kokoke loa i ka ʻaoʻao blunt, ʻano like me ka hua moa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea (e like me nā hua spherical i ʻike ʻia i nā pueo, no ka laʻana) a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī (e like me nā hua hua pear i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā squirrels, snipe a me ʻelua o nā ʻano penguins nui loa) . Hōʻike ka ʻikepili e hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka hua ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ka pūpū a me nā membrane lalo.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hua manu e like me kēia, ʻaʻole maopopo loa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau noiʻi mua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano hua manu, ʻaʻole maopopo mākou i ke ʻano o kēia hana. Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, ua huki ʻia ka manaʻo nui o kēia noiʻi ʻana i nā hua hua kiʻi peara (i loko o kēia haʻawina e hoʻolilo i ke ʻano o ke ao holoʻokoʻa). I nā snipes maʻamau, ʻo ke ʻano o ka pea he ʻano adaptive e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā hua ʻehā (mau) "pili pū" i loko o ka pūnana (me nā ʻaoʻao kuhikuhi i loko) e hōʻoia i ka nui o ka incubation ma lalo o ka makuahine.
Ke hoʻokomo nei ka poʻe noiʻi i kekahi hiʻohiʻona hou i loko o ke ʻano hua manu ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kŘkohu makemakika e kūpono i kahi ʻano geometric hou loa, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pae hope loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ellipsoid spherical e pili ana i kēlā me kēia geometry hua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano helu makemakika honua hou no ke ʻano hua manu ma nā ʻāpana ʻehā: ka lōʻihi hua, ka laula kiʻekiʻe, ka offset axis vertical a me ka hapahā o ke anawaena hua.
He hana koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hoʻohālike holoʻokoʻa i ʻimi lōʻihi ʻia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ke ʻano o ka hua ponoʻī, akā pehea a me ke kumu i ulu ai, no laila e hiki ai i nā noi olaola a me ka ʻenehana.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā wehewehe makemakika o nā ʻano hua nui a pau i ka noiʻi meaʻai, ʻenekinia mechanical, mahiʻai, biology, architecture a me aeronautics. E like me ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka hana ʻenekinia o nā ipu hua manu me ka paia lahilahi, pono e ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā spherical maʻamau.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano hou me nā noi he nui, me:
1. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema kūpono o kahi mea olaola.
I kēia manawa hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kahi hua manu e kahi ʻano makemakika, e maʻalahi loa ka hana ma ke ʻano o ka taxonomy biological, ka optimization o nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, ka incubation o nā hua manu a me ke koho ʻana i nā moa.
2. Hoʻoholo pololei a maʻalahi o nā ʻano kino o kahi mea olaola.
He mea koʻikoʻi nā waiwai o waho o ka hua no nā mea noiʻi a me nā ʻenekinia e hoʻomohala ana i nā ʻenehana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka hana ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua. Pono ke kaʻina hana ʻike maʻalahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka hua manu, ka ʻāpana, ka radius o ka curvature a me nā mea hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e wehewehe i nā ʻāpana o ka hua i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia ʻano.
3. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka ʻenekinia e hiki mai ana e ka biology.
He ʻōnaehana olaola maoli ka hua i aʻo ʻia no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻenekinia a me nā ʻenehana hou loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻi geometric hua manu i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, e like me ka hale o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Lākana a me ka skyscraper Mary X, a me ke kūkulu ʻana, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke pale i nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai, kahi hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi i kēia ʻano. .
“Pono e aʻo ʻia nā kaʻina hana evolutionary biological, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua manu, no ka wehewehe makemakika ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka biology evolutionary, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia e kēia ʻano. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kumu honua i nā ʻano aʻo koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, a e lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika no ka noiʻi hou ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka hua manu ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi," wahi a ka mea kākau alakaʻi noiʻi Darren Griffin. Kumu o Genetics ma ke Kulanui o Kent.
Reference: “Egg and math: introducing a universal formula for egg shape” na Valeriy G. Narushin, Michael N. Romanov a me Darren K. Grif fin, 23 ʻAukake 2021, Nā Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
DOI: 10.1111 / nyas.14680
Puna: The Perfect Shape? ʻIke hope loa ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka honua kahiko no ke ʻano o kahi huamoa - UNIVERSITY OF KENT
Kiʻi: Nā kiʻi o nā hua mai nā ʻano nui ʻehā o kēia ʻano manu: (A) ostrich, poepoe; (B) emu, elliptical; (C) manu mele, ovoid; (D) ʻaeto, ovoid; a me (E) curry, me ke ano o ka pea; me kā lākou mau ʻano kuhi (ma nā kiʻi pololei). Ua lawe ʻia nā kiʻi o nā hua mai Wikimedia Commons. ʻAi kālā: Darren Grif et n et al.
