ʻO Kolombia, Sepania a me kahi ʻohana Bolivian e hakakā nei nona ka galleon a me kāna waiwai i hāʻule i ke kai Caribbean.
I ka pau ʻana o Mei 1708, holo ka moku kaua Spanish ʻo “San Jose” mai Panama no ka ʻāina hānau. Aia kahi waiwai nui ma luna o ka moku - ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā paʻa me nā 200 tons gula, kālā, ʻāpana, emeralds, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā kolone o ka Caribbean. Ua hilinaʻi ʻo King Philip V i kēia mau kumuwaiwai no ke kālā ʻana i ke Kaua o ka Paniolo Paniolo. Eia naʻe, i ka lā 8 o Iune, ua hālāwai ʻo "San Jose" me nā moku Pelekane ʻenemi. I waena o ke kaua, ua ʻā ke ahi a ma hope o nā hola e holo ai ka moku i kāna huakaʻi hope loa - i lalo o ke kai, e kauo ana i ka poʻe 600 a me ka waiwai. Ua lilo ka galleon Sepania a me kona mau waiwai he nui i kaao i pau ole i ka hoonaukiuki i ka poe hulihonua a me ka poe imi waiwai.
He 64 mau pūkuniahi i loko o ke galleon, a ua hoʻonani ʻia nā barela me nā kahakaha ʻokoʻa o nā iʻa. I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻolaha nui ke aupuni o Kolombia ua ʻike ʻia ka galleon. "ʻO kēia waiwai ka mea waiwai loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala kanaka," i ʻoliʻoli ai ka pelekikena o Colombia, ʻo Juan Manuel Santos. Akā ʻo ka hohonu nui e paʻakikī a lohi ka ʻimi. Ma Nowemapa 27, 2018 wale nō i hoʻokokoke aku ai ka REMUS 6000 robotic submarine o ka US-based Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution i ka moku a hoʻokō i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka ʻōpala, me nā pūkuniahi keleawe kū hoʻokahi i kahakaha ʻia me nā dolphins. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi o nā kiʻi i lalo o ka wai i nā lā i hala aku nei. Hōʻike lākou i nā kālā, nā mea hoʻonani, porcelain, ceramics, etc. ʻIke pū ʻia ke kakaka o ke galleon a me nā ʻāpana o kona ʻili i uhi ʻia i ka limu a me nā pūpū.
Ke mālama nei nā luna ma Bogotá i kahi huna, akā ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo San Jose e waiho ana ma lalo ma kahi o 40km mai ke awa o Cartagena de Indias. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kāna ukana ma waena o $1 biliona a me $2 biliona ma nā kumukūʻai o kēia lā. Aia nā mea a pau i loko o ka pae noiʻi a ʻo nā manaʻo o ka waiwai o ka waiwai he mea kūpono loa - ua uhi ʻia nā mea i loaʻa a me ko lākou hopena i kahi huna, a ʻo kā lākou unuhi ʻana he hana paʻakikī loa.
No wai ka waiwai?
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia kēia no nā makahiki he nui. Manaʻo ʻo Colombia iā ia nā kuleana āpau, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ka "San Jose" i loko o kona wai. Akā Kepania he mau koi nō hoʻi - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka moku i hāʻule kekahi ʻāpana o kāna mau ʻauwaʻa. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka poʻe India o ka ʻohana Khara-Khara o Bolivia no lākou kekahi hapa o ka waiwai, no ka mea, mai ka ʻōpū o ko lākou ʻāina a ua ʻeli ʻia e ko lākou mau kūpuna (ʻo Bolivia ka home o ka lua kālā nui loa ma ka honua).
Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa pū nei nā luna ma Bogotá me nā hui pilikino, a ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hōʻoia i loko o nā ʻaha hoʻokolokolo a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ua kuleana lākou i kahi ʻāpana o nā mea waiwai e waiho ana ma lalo. Ua ʻōlelo ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Sea Search Armada (SSA) ua loaʻa i ka moku i ka makahiki 1980 mua a ʻo ka mea ʻike mua ua loaʻa iā lākou ka 50% pakeneka o nā waiwai. Ua loaʻa i ka SSA kahi ʻaelike me ka Pelekikena Kolombia mua ʻo Juan Manuel Santos e kaʻana like i nā waiwai, ua hōʻoia ka ʻAha Kiʻi ma Bogotá. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hui ʻAmelika ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ka mea ʻike mua, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kūlike nā koina i hōʻike ʻia e ia me ka wahi maoli o ka galleon.
ʻO kekahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻē aʻe - me Maritime Archeology Consultants (MAC), ka mea makemake i ka 45% mahele, no ka mea ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻae a komo i nā hana ʻimi kūleʻa. Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha i ka 45% i nīnau ʻia ʻaʻole pili i nā mea āpau i ʻike ʻia, akā i nā waiwai waiwai ʻole - ʻo nā mea waiwai a pau ma "San Jose" he ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala o Bolivia a ʻaʻole i lalo i ka "mahele". Ua hiki ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka ʻaha mokuʻāina - ua hoʻopiʻi ka hui pilikino i kahi hoʻopiʻi no 17 biliona kālā, me ka koi ʻana e ʻaiʻē ʻo Kolombia iā ia i ka nui nui no nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā huakaʻi i lalo o ka wai a no ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i ka ʻaelike…
Manaʻo nā luna o Bogotá e hana i hale hōʻikeʻike ma Cartagena e hōʻike i nā waiwai a me nā mea hōʻikeʻike ʻē aʻe mai ka wā i haki ʻia ai ka moku kaʻao. ʻAʻole wale mai iā ia - ma kahi kokoke i "San Jose" ua ʻike nā mea luʻu i ʻelua mau moku i hāʻule, a me 13 mau mea ʻē aʻe e aʻo ʻia nei. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia he mau haneli o nā moku kahiko a me nā moku kahiko ma ke kai a puni, a ke kali nei hoʻi e ʻike ʻia.
