ʻO kahi hui o nā ʻepekema ʻEulopa, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka mea kālaihonua Farani ʻo François Desset, ua hoʻokele i ka wehewehe ʻana i kekahi o nā mea pohihihi nui: linear Elamite script - kahi ʻōnaehana kākau liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia ma Iran i kēia manawa, kākau ʻo Smithsonian Magazine.
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻia kēia ʻōlelo e nā hoa hana noiʻi, akā inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻomālamalama i kahi hui ʻike liʻiliʻi i ulu ma waena o Mesopotamia kahiko a me ke awāwa Indus i ka wanaʻao o ka moʻomeheu. Hiki ke kākau hou ʻia kahi loiloi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie i ka ulu ʻana o ke kākau ʻana iā ia iho. No ka wehewehe ʻana i ka heluhelu ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo i hana i ka palapala Elamite linear, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe loea i nā palapala i aʻo hou ʻia mai kahi pūʻulu o nā ipu kālā kahiko. "ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻike archaeological nui o nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka ʻike ʻana a me ka heluhelu phonetic o nā inoa o nā mōʻī, "wahi a ke kālaihonua ʻo Massimo Vidale o ke Kulanui o Padua.
I ka makahiki 2015 ua loaʻa ʻo Desset i kahi hōʻiliʻili pilikino ma Lākana o nā kīʻaha kālā ʻokoʻa me nā palapala he nui ma ka cuneiform a me ka laina Elamite script. Ua ʻeli ʻia lākou i nā makahiki 1920 a kūʻai ʻia aku i nā mea kālepa o ke Komohana, no laila ua nīnau ʻia ko lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akā ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā moku i ʻike ʻia he mea kahiko lākou ma mua o nā mea hoʻopunipuni hou. No ko lākou kumu, ua manaʻo ʻo Desset aia lākou i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu aliʻi he mau haneli mau kilomita ma ka hikina hema o Susa, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 2000 BC. - pololei i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka palapala Elamite linear. Wahi a ke aʻo ʻana, ʻo nā kīʻaha kālā ke hōʻike nei i nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko loa a piha loa o nā palapala aliʻi Elamite i cuneiform. No nā aliʻi like ʻole o nā aliʻi aliʻi ʻelua. Pōhaku me nā palapala Elamite laina mai ka hōʻiliʻili Louvre.
Wahi a Desset, ʻo ka hui ʻana o nā palapala ma nā moku he mea pono loa ia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka palapala Elamite linear. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau inoa i kākau ʻia ma ka cuneiform me nā hōʻailona ma ka palapala Elamite linear, me nā inoa o nā aliʻi kaulana ʻElama e like me Shilhaha. Ma ka hahai ʻana i nā hōʻailona hou, ua hiki iā Desset ke hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o ka leka, aia i kahi pūʻulu o nā kiʻi geometric. Ua unuhi pū ʻo ia i nā huaʻōlelo e like me "hāʻawi" a "make". Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Desset a me kāna hui e hiki ke heluhelu i nā huaʻōlelo 72. "ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe piha ʻia ma muli o ka helu palena o nā palapala, aia mākou ma ke ala pololei," i pau ai nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana paʻakikī o ka unuhi ʻana i nā kikokikona pākahi. ʻO kahi hapa o ka pilikia, ʻo ka ʻōlelo Elamite, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻāina no nā makahiki he 3,000, ʻaʻohe ona cognates ʻike ʻia, e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kani ʻana o nā hōʻailona.
Ua noho ka poʻe kamaʻilio o Elamite i ka hema a me ke komohana hema o Iran - Khuzestan, e like me ka Persian kahiko ʻo Hujiyā ka inoa o Elam, a ʻo Fars (no ka mea hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka pāpū Iran ma mua o ka 3rd millennium BC).
I ka III millennium BC, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ʻo Elamite mai nā kumu Sumero-Akkadian: Shushen (Shushun, Susa), Anshan (Anchan, i kēia lā ʻo Tepe-Malyan kokoke i Shiraz ma Fars), Simashki, Adamdun a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I ka II millennium BC kekahi mea nui o Elama, o Susena a me Ankana. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ʻElama i ke aupuni Achaemenid i ka waena o ke kenekulia 6 BC, ua hoʻomau ka ʻōlelo Elamite i kona kūlana alakaʻi no nā kenekulia ʻelua, e hāʻawi mālie ana iā Farsi.
Kiʻi: Māhele o nā hōʻailona alpha-syllabic 72 i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana unuhi o Linear Elamite. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kiʻi maʻamau no kēlā me kēia hōʻailona. Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona polū ma ke komohana hema o Iran, nā ʻulaʻula ma ka hikina hema o Iran. He mea maʻamau nā hōʻailona ʻeleʻele i nā wahi ʻelua. F. Desset
