I ʻAukake 2013, ʻekolu mahina ma hope o ke komo ʻana ʻo Xi Jinping i ke aupuni Kina, ua puka mai kahi hōʻino palaho i loko o ka ʻōnaehana olakino, i hoʻohana akamai ʻia e nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau multinational i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ia ʻāina. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻolaha no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kuleana me ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ʻehā mau luna kiʻekiʻe o ka multinational Pelekane ʻo GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) a me ka pāpā ʻana o 18 mau luna nui ʻē aʻe mai ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻo Asia. I kēlā manawa, ua ʻōlelo ka luna kūkala nūhou Xinhua, ʻo kekahi o ka poʻe i hoʻokolokolo ʻia…ua manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi kālā i nā kauka me ka noi ʻana iā lākou e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau hou aku i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā kūʻai; a ma ka manawa like e hoʻonui ana i nā kumukūʻai….
Wahi a kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia i kēlā manawa, he ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ma muli o ka palaho a lākou i hoʻolaha ai, pono e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e 20%. I kēlā manawa, ua ʻae ʻia kekahi mau hui o ka ʻāpana, me Johnson & Johnson. Mahalo i ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana e ka hui nūhou Kina, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau i mea e kūʻai aku ai i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi hanu ma nā halemai 10 ma ke kapikala ʻo Henan, Zhengzhou:… -ʻo nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao pae e kōkua iā lākou e loaʻa ka mana ma kā lākou mau kula. Ua hoʻokumu pū lākou i nā pilina pilikino maikaʻi me nā kauka ma o ka lawelawe ʻana i kā lākou leʻaleʻa a hāʻawi iā lākou i ke kālā e kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou aʻe.
Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi luna kūʻai o ia mau hui (GSK) ua hele ʻo ia i nā keʻena o nā kauka a mālama pū i ko lākou pono moe kolohe, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua ʻike nā luna o ka hui ma Kina i nā mea a pau e hana nei, a ua hoʻonohonoho kekahi o lākou i ka pahuhopu. akā, e hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana ma ia wahi e 30%.
Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, ʻelua mahina ma hope o Iulai, ua ʻae ʻo GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) ua pani ʻo ia i kona poʻo o kēlā hui, Mark Reilly, me ka Palani Hervé Gisserot. ʻO AstraZeneca, ʻo Sanofi o Farani a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo Eli Lilly ua hoʻokolokolo pū ʻia, ʻoiai ma kahi liʻiliʻi. Ua uku aku ka hope i 22 miliona euros ma ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i Kekemapa 2012 e pani i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopiʻi ua hāʻawi kāna mau limahana i ke kālā a me nā makana i nā luna ma Kina, Brazil, Russia a me Polani. Ua ʻae ʻo Pfizer, kekahi o nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau nui loa o ka honua, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma US, i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka uku o 45.3 miliona euros ma muli o nā kūlana like.
I kēlā manawa ua hōʻoia ka Food and Drug Administration i ka pono e hana hou i nā hana wikiwiki, crackdowns, hou. ʻAʻole pono e poina i nā makahiki ma mua, i ka makahiki 2007, ke poʻo o ka FDA, Zheng Xiaoyu, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ka mea ua ʻae ʻo ia i ke kālā no ka ʻae ʻana i nā huahana hoʻopunipuni e kūʻai aku.
ʻIke ʻia nā inoa ma ka ʻatikala ma nā mākeke olakino a puni ka honua.
ʻO ka nūhou i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei o ka uku ʻana o nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau he nui miliona i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai lākou e manaʻo mākou he poʻe kūʻai wale mākou, nā puaʻa guinea i kekahi mau hihia, a he helu wale nō i nā hōʻike kālā a me nā poho makahiki.
Wahi a kahi kūlana i hoʻonui ʻia i ka 1 Ianuali 2023, ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻelima nui loa o ka honua e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mākeke, a i ʻole ka waiwai o lākou, ʻo ia: Johnson & Johnson ($440.04 biliona), Eli Lilly ($320.13 biliona), Novo Nordisk ( $314.65 biliona), Merk ($275.14 biliona) a me Abbvie ($261.18 biliona). Ua hana ʻia ka hōʻano hou o ka mākeke ma 2021. I kēia lā, ua piʻi aʻe nā hui ʻē aʻe, e like me Pfizer, i ka pae honua o ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka puka ʻoihana es.statista.com, ma kāna ʻāpana helu helu, hāʻawi iā mākou i nā helu kālā no nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka helu no 2021, aia ma kahi o 1.40 biliona kālā ʻAmelika. Me kēia kiʻi, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea a pau. ʻO ka mea a lākou e uku ai no ka hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole ka leʻaleʻa o kekahi poʻe i pili i ka ʻoihana olakino, ʻo lākou nā kauka, nā kahu hānai, nā kālai'āina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he kālā ʻeke wale nō. ʻAʻole mākou e ʻōlelo, e like me ke Aupuni Kina a i ʻole ka Mōʻīwahine o nā Puʻuwai i loko o ka moʻolelo ʻo Alice ma Wonderland, "Off with their head!!!", akā hiki paha iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēlā me kēia manawa hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi laʻana o kekahi ʻO kēia mau hui a i ʻole kekahi o kēia mau mea i kapa ʻia he poʻe kālepa, ka poʻe i nui i loko o ka ʻōnaehana olakino ākea a pilikino o kekahi ʻāina o ka honua.
Sources:
Nūpepa EL PAIS, Pōʻakahi 5 ʻAukake 2013, ka mea kākau ʻo José Reinoso. https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/635153/ingresos-mundiales-del-sector-farmaceutico/
