Ke wehe nei i nā mea hou no nā mea ʻike kuantum, nā wati atomika a me nā ho'āʻo o ka physics kumu, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi JILA i nā ala hou o ka "hoʻopili" a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā waiwai o ka nui o nā ʻāpana. Ma ke kaʻina hana, ua noʻonoʻo lākou i nā ala e ana i nā pūʻulu nui o nā ʻātoma i ʻoi aku ka pololei ma nā wahi haunaele a walaʻau.
ʻO nā uaki atomika ʻoi aku ka pololei, e like me ka "tweezer clock" i hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, hiki ke loaʻa mai ka hoʻopili ʻana a i ʻole ka "hoʻopili ʻana" i nā ʻātoma ma ke ʻano hou ma o ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo "spin squeezing," kahi i ana pololei ʻia ai kekahi waiwai o ka atom. 'ae 'ia ma ka quantum mechanics ma ka ho'emi 'ana i ka pololei i ana 'ia ai ka waiwai ho'ohui. Kiʻi kiʻi: S. Burrows/JILA
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻenehana hou i loko o nā pepa i paʻi ʻia ma ʻAno. ʻO JILA kahi hui hui o ka National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) a me ke Kulanui o Colorado Boulder.
"ʻO ka entanglement ka grail hemolele o ka ʻepekema ana," wahi a Ana Maria Rey, he physicist theoretical a me kahi hoa JILA a me NIST.
"ʻO nā Atom nā mea ʻike maikaʻi loa. He laulā lākou. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ia nā mea quantum, no laila ua walaʻau lākou. Ke ana ʻoe iā lākou, i kekahi manawa aia lākou i kahi kūlana ikehu, i kekahi manawa aia lākou i kahi mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻopili ʻoe iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka walaʻau.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻātoma, ʻo ka mea e hana ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻātoma pili i nā ʻātoma a pau i hoʻopili ʻia iā ia. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kakini - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā haneli - o nā ʻātoma i hoʻopili ʻia e hana pū ana e hōʻemi i ka walaʻau, a ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka hōʻailona mai ke ana. Hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻātoma i hoʻopili ʻia i ka nui o nā manawa e pono ai nā ʻepekema e holo i kā lākou ana, e loaʻa ana nā hopena i ka manawa liʻiliʻi.
Spintronics - manaʻo noʻeau. Kiʻi kiʻi: Creativity103 ma o Flickr, CC BY 2.0
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka hana i kapa ʻia ʻo spin squeezing. E like me nā mea a pau e hoʻolohe ana i nā lula o ka quantum physics, hiki i nā atom ke noho i nā mokuʻāina he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, kahi mana i kapa ʻia ʻo superposition. ʻO ka ʻomi ʻana e hōʻemi i kēlā mau mokuʻāina superposition i loko o kahi atom i kekahi mau mea hiki. Ua like ia me ka ʻomi ʻana i ka baluna.
Ke ʻomi ʻoe i ka baluna, emi ka waena a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Ke wili ʻia nā ʻātoma, hiki i ka laulā o nā mokuʻāina hiki ke hiki iā lākou ke haiki i kekahi mau ʻaoʻao a hoʻonui i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻātoma i mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā pilina me nā ʻātoma kokoke loa iā lākou; ʻo ka mamao loa o nā ʻātoma, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o kā lākou pilina.
Quantum physics, kai o ka excitons - ka wehewehe noʻeau. Kiʻi kiʻi: Sigmund ma Unsplash, laikini manuahi
E noʻonoʻo e like me ka poʻe e kamaʻilio ana ma kahi pāʻina lehulehu. Hiki i nā poʻe kokoke loa ke kamaʻilio, akā hiki ʻole i ka poʻe ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka lumi ke lohe iā lākou, a nalowale ka ʻike ma ka laina. Makemake nā kānaka ʻepekema e kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi i ka manawa like. Ke nānā nei ka poʻe physicists a puni ka honua i nā ala like ʻole e hoʻokō ai i kēlā entanglement.
"ʻO kahi pahuhopu nui i ke kaiāulu ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā mokuʻāina i hoʻopili ʻia e kiʻi i nā ana kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa pōkole," wahi a Adam Kaufman, he physicist a me JILA Fellow.
Ua hana pū ʻo Kaufman lāua ʻo Rey i nā manaʻo e hoʻokō i kēlā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻo ia kekahi Ua hōʻike ʻo Rey a me kāna mau hoa hana ma ke Kulanui o Innsbruck ma Austria.
Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻonohonoho ka hui i nā ion calcium 51 i loko o kahi pahele a hoʻohana i nā lasers e hoʻoulu i ka pilina ma waena o lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka laser i nā phonon, nā haʻalulu e like me nā hawewe kani ma waena o nā ʻātoma.
Hoʻolaha ʻia kēlā mau pūnona ma lalo o ka laina o nā ʻātoma, e hoʻopili ana iā lākou. Ma nā hoʻokolohua mua, ua hana ʻia kēia mau loulou i static, no laila hiki i kahi ion ke kamaʻilio wale i kahi pūʻulu o nā ion ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā lasers.
Quantum states, quantum physics – ka wehewehe noʻeau. Kiʻi kiʻi: Ben Wicks ma o Unsplash, laikini manuahi
Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā māla magnetic waho, ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika i nā loulou, ulu a loli i ka manawa. ʻO ia ka manaʻo o ka ion hiki ke kamaʻilio me hoʻokahi pūʻulu o nā ion i ka wā mua hiki ke kamaʻilio me kahi hui ʻokoʻa, a i ka hopena, hiki iā ia ke kamaʻilio me nā ion ʻē aʻe a pau i ka array.
Ua lanakila kēia i kēlā pilikia mamao, wahi a Rey, a ua ikaika nā pilina a hiki i ka laina o nā atom. I kēia manawa, hana pū nā ʻātoma a pau, a hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi me ka nalowale ʻole o ka leka ma ke ala.
I loko o ka manawa pōkole, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ion, e hana ana i kahi kūlana milo, akā me ka manawa liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻololi lākou i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mokuʻāina cat. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mokuʻāina no ka hoʻokolohua noʻonoʻo kaulana a Erwin Schrodinger e pili ana i ka superposition, i manaʻo ai ʻo ia a ʻO ka pōpoki paʻa i loko o ka pahu ke ola a me ka make a wehe ʻia ka pahu a ʻike ʻia kona kūlana.
No nā ʻātoma, he ʻano superposition kūikawā ka mokuʻāina o nā ʻātoma i loko o ʻelua mau mokuʻāina kūʻē, e like me luna a me lalo, i ka manawa like. Pilikia loa nā mokuʻāina ʻo Cat, wahi a Rey, i mea maikaʻi loa no ka ʻepekema ana.
ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēia ʻenehana me kahi ʻāpana ʻelua o nā ʻātoma, e hoʻonui ana i ka helu o nā mana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou noho ʻana i kēia mau mokuʻāina. Eia hou, hiki iā ia ke ʻae i nā ʻepekema e hana i nā ana ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka wikiwiki.
Hiki ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia nā wati atomic optical, kahi mea hana ʻepekema ana nui. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Kaufman a me kāna hui ma JILA, me nā hoa hana ma NIST/JILA hoa hui ʻo Jun Ye i kahi ala ʻē aʻe ma kekahi haʻawina ma kēia pukana o ʻAno.
Ua hoʻouka ka poʻe noiʻi i 140 strontium atoms i loko o kahi lattice optical, hoʻokahi mokulele o ka mālamalama e paʻa i nā ʻātoma. Ua hoʻohana lākou i nā kukuna mālamalama maikaʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo optical tweezers, e hoʻokomo i nā ʻātoma i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 16 a 70 mau ʻātoma pākahi.
Me ka laser ultraviolet mana kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohauʻoli lākou i nā ʻātoma i kahi superposition o ko lākou kūlana "uaki" maʻamau a me kahi mokuʻāina Rydberg kiʻekiʻe. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana ʻo Rydberg dressing.
Ua like nā ʻātoma mokuʻāina o ka uaki me ka poʻe mālie ma ka pāʻina lehulehu; ʻaʻole lākou e launa pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Akā no nā ʻātoma ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rydberg, mamao loa ka electron waho loa mai ke kikowaena o ka ʻātoma i ʻoi loa ka nui o ka ʻātoma, e hiki ai iā ia ke launa pū me nā ʻātoma ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa ke kamaʻilio nei ka pāʻina holoʻokoʻa. Me kēia ʻenehana spin-squeezing, hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka entanglement ma waena o ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o 70 atoms.
Ua hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe noiʻi i nā ana pinepine ma waena o nā hui 70-atom a ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia entanglement i ka pololei ma lalo o ka palena no nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka palena quantum maʻamau.
ʻO nā ana ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka pololei e hiki ai i kēia mau uaki ke lilo i mau mea ʻike maikaʻi loa e ʻimi i nā mea pōʻeleʻele a hana i nā ana manawa a me nā ana pinepine.
Nā Pepa:
Johannes Franke, Sean R. Muleady, Raphael Kaubruegger, Florian Kranzl, Rainer Blatt, Ana Maria Rey, Manoj K. Joshi a me Christian F. Roos. ʻIke i hoʻonui ʻia ka quantum ma nā hoʻololi optical ma o nā pilina palena palena. ʻAno. ʻAukake 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038 / s41586-023-06472-Z
William J. Eckner, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Alec Cao, Aaron W. Young, William R. Milner, John M. Robinson, Jun Ye a me Adam M. Kaufman. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka wili ʻana me ka launa pū ʻana o Rydberg i kahi uaki optical. ʻAno. ʻAukake 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06360-6
Source: NA NAHUI
