I loko o ka mākeke hana o ʻEulopa, ua puka mai kekahi mau ʻoihana e like me ka uku nui. Ke neʻe nei mākou i mua i ka makahiki 2023 ua maopopo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mākaukau i ka ʻenehana, kālā, mālama olakino a me nā kūlana ʻoihana hoʻolālā hiki ke hopena i kekahi o nā uku kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina. E noʻonoʻo kākou i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻoi loa i uku maikaʻi ʻia, ma ʻEulopa no ka makahiki i hala, e like me kekahi mau hōʻike.
1. Kāleka Hoʻohui kālā
He kuleana ko ka poʻe panakō kālā ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou ʻike kālā no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonui kālā a me nā mea paʻakikī o nā makana lehulehu mua (IPO). Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o nā mākeke a me ka hopena koʻikoʻi o kā lākou hana hoʻopukapuka kālā e hauʻoli i ka uku nui. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā uku uku me nā poʻe loea i loaʻa nā bonus ma mua o kā lākou uku kumu.
ʻO ka awelika o ka uku no nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā e loli nui ma waena o ʻEulopa. Hoʻopili ʻia e nā kumu e like me ka ʻike ʻoihana, ka nui o ka ʻoihana a me nā kūlana mākeke kikoʻī. Eia kekahi mau helu, no 2023:
- Ma Kelemānia, ʻo ka uku maʻamau no kahi loiloi Banking Investment ma kahi o € 109,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki1.
- Ma Lādana, ʻo nā uku awelika a me nā bonus no nā mea loiloi waihona kālā mai ka £65,000 a i ka £95,000, me ka awelika ma kahi o £70,000 a i ka £85,000.2.
- Ma kahi o ka European Economic Area (EEA), hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ka uku uku no ka poʻe waihona kālā e like me ka € 1,080,507, me nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻāina.3.
2. Mea hoʻomohala polokalamu
I kēia wā kikohoʻe, hoʻokani nā mea hoʻomohala polokalamu i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he haku ma hope o kāna holomua. ʻO kēia mau loea akamai ke kuleana no ka hoʻolālā, coding a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā polokalamu polokalamu. ʻO ka mākaukau ma nā wahi e like me ka cybersecurity, cloud computing a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka polokalamu kelepona hiki ke alakaʻi i nā uku kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana ke koi mau nei nā mea hoʻomohala.
ʻO ka uku i manaʻo ʻia no nā mea hoʻomohala polokalamu ma ʻEulopa e 2023 hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o nā kumu, e like me ka ʻāina a me ka pae o ka ʻike. Ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa:
- ʻO ka awelika uku hoʻomohala mamao ma ʻEulopa ma kahi o $110,640.88, me kahi pae mai $23,331 a i $256,500 i kēlā me kēia makahiki.^1.
- Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻomohala Western European ma ka liʻiliʻi he $40,000+ i hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea hoʻomohala ma ʻEulopa Hikina ke manaʻo ma kahi o $20,000+ i kēlā me kēia makahiki.^2.
- Ma ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka spectrum, hiki i nā polokalamu polokalamu polokalamu ma nā ʻāina e like me Switzerland ke loaʻa ma kahi o €100,000 i hoʻokahi makahiki^3.
3. ʻOihana Lapaʻau
Ke hoʻomau nei ka mālama olakino i ka lawelawe a i loko o nā loea lapaʻau e like me nā kaukaʻi, cardiologists a me nā neurologists i manaʻo ʻia ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike. ʻO kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻana a me kā lākou ʻike e pāʻani i ka hoʻopakele ola a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hopena maʻi. Ma ʻEulopa, hiki i nā limahana lapaʻau ke manaʻo i ka uku, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā loea i loaʻa hou aʻe ma muli o ko lākou ʻike loea.
ʻO ka awelika o ka loaʻa kālā no ka poʻe loea ma ʻEulopa ma 2023 he ʻokoʻa loa ia e pili ana i nā kumu e like me ka ʻāina a me ka pae o ka ʻike i loaʻa iā lākou. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- Ma UK, ʻo ka awelika o ka uku makahiki makahiki no General Practitioners (GPs) ma kahi o €73,408, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka poʻe loea.^1.
- Ma Kelemānia, hiki i nā kauka noho ke manaʻo i ka uku hoʻomaka ma kahi o € 50,000 a i ka € 60,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻāina a me ka loea.^2.
- Ma Polani, loaʻa maʻamau kahi kanaka e hana ana i ka Health and Medical ma kahi o 11,300 PLN (Polish Złoty) i kēlā me kēia mahina, ʻo ia ka unuhi ʻana ma kahi o €2,500 e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai o kēia manawa.^3.
4. Luna Hoʻomohala Pāʻoihana
He kuleana ko nā luna hoʻomohala pāʻoihana i nā ʻoihana no ka mea ʻo lākou ke kuleana no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻoihana hou a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kuikahi hoʻolālā. He hopena ko lākou i ka loaʻa kālā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mākeke e hana i kā lākou kuleana i ka kūleʻa o ka ʻoihana. ʻO kā lākou uku uku maʻamau he uku paʻa me nā bonus e pili ana i ka hana e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai a lākou e lawe ai i ka hui.
ʻOkoʻa ka uku maʻamau o nā Mana Hoʻomohala Pāʻoihana, ma ʻEulopa ma waena o nā ʻāina ma 2023. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- Ma Netherlands, ʻo ka uku awelika no ka Luna Hoʻomohala Pāʻoihana ma kahi o €75,045 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^1.
- Ma Kelemānia, ʻo ka awelika uku ma kahi o $107,250^2.
- Ma United Kingdom, hiki i nā Luna Hoʻomohala Pāʻoihana ke manaʻo e loaʻa ka awelika o $99,188 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^2.
5. loio
Ua ʻike mau ʻia ke kahua kānāwai no kona hanohano a me ka loaʻa kālā. ʻO ka poʻe loio e kālele ana i ke kānāwai, ka hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka waiwai naʻauao e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa kālā. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hoʻokele i nā ʻōnaehana kānāwai a mālama i ka makemake o kā lākou mea kūʻai aku he waiwai nui ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai iā lākou ka uku lokomaikaʻi.
I ka makahiki 2023, ʻokoʻa ka uku awelika o nā loio, ma ʻEulopa mai kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻo kahi laʻana:
- Ma Farani, ʻo ka awelika o ka uku no ka loio ma kahi o $60,173 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^1.
- Ma Kelemānia, hiki i nā loio ke manaʻo e loaʻa ka awelika o $70,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^2.
- Ma UK, ʻo ka uku uku no ka paralegal, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he kūlana kū kānāwai komo, ma waena o £20,000 a me £50,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki no kahi kūlana paʻa.^3.
6. Luna Nui (CEO)
Aia ma ke kūlana o nā luna hoʻokō e paʻa i ka kuleana nui loa no ka hana o kahi ʻoihana, ke alahele hoʻolālā a me nā waiwai hoʻonohonoho. Pono kēia kuleana i ka hui ʻana o ke alakaʻi, ka ʻike a me ka noʻonoʻo. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā pūʻolo uku o ka CEO i nā mea e like me ka uku kumu, nā bonus, nā koho waiwai a me nā pono ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka uku maʻamau no ka Luna Nui (CEO) ma ʻEulopa ma 2023 e like me ka ʻāina a me ke ʻano o ka hui. ʻo kahi laʻana:
- Ua hōʻike ʻia ka uku kumu kumu ma waena o nā Luna Nui o ʻEulopa i nā ʻoihana i kākoʻo ʻia e ka pono pilikino he $447,000 i 2023, me ka awelika kālā kālā i loaʻa ma 2022 o $285,000, ka huina o ka awelika kālā uku o $732,000.^1.
- Ma Brussels, Pelekiuma, ua hōʻike ʻia ka uku maʻamau no kahi CEO he $ 100,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^2.
- Ma Kelemānia, ʻo ka uku awelika no ka CEO he €131,547^3.
7. Luna IT
He kuleana ko nā luna IT i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana maʻemaʻe o nā ʻōnaehana ʻenehana i loko o kahi ʻoihana a ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou me nā pahuhopu ʻoihana. Ke hoʻololi nei nā ʻoihana i kā lākou kuleana. Mālama nā luna IT i nā hui e hoʻokele i nā papahana a hoʻoholo i nā hoʻopukapuka ʻenehana. Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o kā lākou kuleana e loaʻa pinepine lākou i nā uku a me nā mea hoʻoikaika hana hou.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka uku awelika no kahi IT Manager ma ʻEulopa ma 2023, akā eia kekahi mau helu data:
- Ma Kelemānia, ua hōʻike ʻia ka uku awelika no ka IT Manager he $80,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^1.
- ʻOiai ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia kahi helu maʻamau no ʻEulopa, ʻo kahi IT Manager ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he awelika uku o $92,083, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai o ke ola a me ke koi ʻana i nā limahana IT.^2.
- Eia kekahi, no nā kūlana hoʻokele ma ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ma ʻEulopa, ʻo ka awelika o ka makahiki he $98,000, me ka uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o $69,000.^3.
8. Pilota
He kuleana ko nā pailaka i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā mokulele ma o ka lewa e hoʻomaka ana i ka pono o nā poʻe kaʻa he nui i kēlā me kēia lā. He laulā kā lākou aʻo ʻana. He nui ko lakou kuleana. ʻO nā pailaka kālepa i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mokulele i ʻike ʻia i waena o ka poʻe loaʻa kālā ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa. Ua kūlike kā lākou loaʻa kālā, me ko lākou ʻike, ke ʻano paʻakikī o kā lākou mau hana a me nā papa hana ʻike ʻole a lākou e mālama ai.
ʻO ka awelika o ka uku no kahi pailaka ma ʻEulopa ma 2023 hiki ke loli nui ma muli o ka mokulele a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka pailaka. Aia kekahi mau helu ʻikepili:
- Hiki i nā pailaka o Air France ke loaʻa ka uku awelika o €150,000^1.
- Hiki i nā hui Lufthansa ke loaʻa ma kahi o €9,000 i kēlā me kēia mahina^1.
- Hiki i ke kāpena British Airways ke hana ma luna o £100,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^1.
9. Luna Kūʻai
He kuleana ko nā mea kūʻai aku i ka loaʻa kālā o kahi ʻoihana. Na lākou ke kuleana, no ke alakaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hui kūʻai e hoʻokumu i nā pahuhopu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻokō ai i kēlā mau pahuhopu. ʻO kā lākou loaʻa kālā ke hilinaʻi pinepine nei i kā lākou hana me nā bonus a me nā komisina e hana i kahi ʻāpana o kā lākou loaʻa. Loaʻa i nā mana kūʻai kūʻai kūʻokoʻa e hui mau a ʻoi aku paha i kā lākou mau pahuhopu ke loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka awelika uku no ka Luna Hoʻokele ma ʻEulopa ma 2023 e like me ka ʻāina:
- Ma Farani, ʻo ka uku awelika no ka Luna Hoʻokele he €75,000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki^1.
- ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia nā helu kikoʻī no nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, hiki iā mākou ke nānā i ka uku maʻamau no kahi Luna Hoʻokele Kūʻai Kūʻai ma Kelemānia, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Loaʻa i kahi Luna Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Nui ma luna o 8 mau makahiki o ka ʻike i ka uku awelika o €143,019.^3.
10. Mīkini ʻInikua Haʻawina
He kuleana ko nā ʻenekini aʻo mīkini i ka holomua ʻana i ka noiʻi naʻauao artificial a me kāna hoʻohana pono. ʻO lākou ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana i hiki ke aʻo mai ka ʻikepili a hoʻoholo. Ua piʻi ka noi no kēia poʻe loea i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā ʻoihana like ʻole e hoʻohana i ka mana o AI e loaʻa ai ka ʻoi ma luna o kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū. Ma muli o ko lākou akamai i ka ʻepekema data a me AI algorithms, aia lākou i waena o ka poʻe loaʻa, ma ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka uku awelika no ka mīkini aʻo ʻenehana ma ʻEulopa i 2023, akā eia kekahi mau helu kikoʻī mai Kelemania, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia no ka ʻāina:
