I ka hōʻea mua ʻana o Paula Hammond i ka pā kula ʻo MIT ma ke ʻano he haumāna makahiki mua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1980, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo ia inā no ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me kāna haʻi ʻana i kahi anaina MIT, ua like ʻo ia me "he hoʻopunipuni."
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Polofesa Paula Hammond MIT Institute, he ʻenekinia kemika kaulana i ka honua i hoʻohana i ka hapa nui o kāna ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao ma MIT, i hāʻawi i ka haʻiʻōlelo 2023-24 James R. Killian Jr. Faculty Achievement Award. Kiʻi kiʻi: Jake Belcher
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kēlā manaʻo, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka ʻo Hammond e ʻimi i ke kākoʻo ma waena o kāna mau hoa haumāna a me nā kumu kula MIT. "He mea koʻikoʻi loa ke kaiāulu noʻu, e manaʻo he pili wau, e manaʻo he wahi koʻu ma ʻaneʻi, a loaʻa iaʻu nā poʻe i makemake e apo mai iaʻu a kākoʻo iaʻu," wahi āna.
ʻO Hammond, he ʻenekini kemika kaulana i ka honua i hoʻohana i ka hapa nui o kāna ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao ma MIT, ua haʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻōlelo i ka makahiki 2023-24 James R. Killian Jr. Faculty Achievement Award.
Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1971 e hoʻohanohano i ka pelekikena 10th o MIT, ʻo James Killian, ʻike ʻia ka Killian Award i nā hoʻokō ʻoihana koʻikoʻi e kekahi lālā kumu MIT. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Hammond no ka makana o kēia makahiki "ʻaʻole wale no kāna mau hoʻokō ʻoihana nui a me kāna mau haʻawina, akā no kona ʻoluʻolu maoli a me ke kanaka, kona noʻonoʻo a me ke alakaʻi maikaʻi, a me kona aloha a me kona ʻano," e like me ka manaʻo o ka makana.
“He paionia ʻo Polofesa Hammond i ka noiʻi nanotechnology. Me kahi papahana mai ka ʻepekema kumu a hiki i ka noiʻi unuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ikehu, ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i nā ala hou no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hāʻawi lāʻau paʻakikī no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi a me nā kiʻi noninvasive, "wahi a Mary Fuller, ka luna o ke kumu kula a me ke kauka. o na palapala, nana i haawi ka makana. "Ma kāna mau hoa hana, hauʻoli mākou e hoʻolauleʻa i kāna ʻoihana i kēia lā."
I Ianuali, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Hammond e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hope provost o MIT no nā kumu. Ma mua o kēlā, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kemika no ʻewalu mau makahiki, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he Kumu Institute ma 2021.
He ʻenehana loea
ʻO Hammond, ka mea i ulu ma Detroit, mahalo i kona mau mākua me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke aloha i ka ʻepekema. ʻO kona makuakāne kekahi o nā PhD ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi loa i ka biochemistry i kēlā manawa, ʻoiai ua loaʻa i kona makuahine ke kēkelē laepua ma ke kahu hānai mai ke Kulanui ʻo Howard a ua hoʻokumu i ke kula kahu ma Wayne County Community College. "Ua hāʻawi ia i kahi manawa kūpono no nā wahine ma kahi o Detroit, me nā wahine kala," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Hammond.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna kēkelē laepua mai MIT i ka makahiki 1984, ua hana ʻo Hammond ma ke ʻano he ʻenekinia ma mua o kona hoʻi ʻana i ka Institute ma ke ʻano he haumāna puka, loaʻa iā ia ka PhD ma 1993. Ma hope o ʻelua makahiki postdoc ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard, ua hoʻi ʻo ia e komo i ke kumu MIT ma 1995. .
Aia ma ka puʻuwai o ka noiʻi ʻana a Hammond he ʻenehana āna i hoʻomohala ai no ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni i hiki ke "hoʻopaʻa ʻia" nā nanoparticles. Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana o kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ʻakika nucleic a e hoʻopaʻa i nā cell kikoʻī i loko o ke kino, me nā cell cancer.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻomaka ʻo Hammond ma ke kau ʻana i nā polymers i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ma luna o kahi ʻili i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. A laila, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā papa hou aʻe, e hoʻololi i nā polymers maikaʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia. Hiki i kēlā me kēia papa ke loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā molekole pono ʻē aʻe, e like me DNA a i ʻole RNA. Aia i kekahi o kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni he mau haneli mau papa, a hoʻokahi wale nō ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana pono iā lākou no ka nui o nā noi.
“ʻO ka mea maikaʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana papa-a-papa hiki iaʻu ke koho i kahi hui o nā polymers degradable i biocompatible maikaʻi, a hiki iaʻu ke hoʻololi iā lākou me kā mākou mea lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ia ke ʻano hiki iaʻu ke kūkulu i nā papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi i loaʻa nā lāʻau like ʻole ma nā wahi like ʻole i loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, "wahi a Hammond. "A laila, i ka wā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano hoʻohuli. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni paʻakikī, multidrug, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hana wai maʻalahi.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Hammond pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kēlā me kēia papa no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi, ma kahi noi e hiki ai ke kōkua i ka poʻe i hānau ʻia me nā kīnā o ka iwi hānau ʻana a i ʻole ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻeha ʻeha.
No kēlā hoʻohana, ua hana kāna lab i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me nā papa o ʻelua mau protein. ʻO kekahi o ia mau mea, ʻo BMP-2, he pūmua e pili ana me nā pūnaewele kumu makua a hoʻoulu iā lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i loko o nā pūnaewele iwi, e hana ana i nā iwi hou. ʻO ka lua he kumu ulu i kapa ʻia ʻo VEGF, ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko hou e kōkua i ka iwi e hoʻōla hou. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau papa i kahi scaffold ʻiʻo lahilahi hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka wahi ʻeha.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Hammond a me kāna mau haumāna i ka uhi ʻana i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai, e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻo ia i ka VEGF ma mua o hoʻokahi pule a i ʻole, a hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka BMP-2 a hiki i 40 lā. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻiole, ua ʻike lākou ua hoʻoulu ʻia kēia scaffold i ka ulu ʻana o iwi hou ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia me ka iwi maoli.
Huli i ka maʻi kanesa
Ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Hammond i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana-by-layer e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā nanoparticles i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau maʻi kanesa, e like me nā liposomes a i ʻole nā nanoparticles i hana ʻia mai kahi polymer i kapa ʻia ʻo PLGA.
"Loaʻa iā mākou kahi ākea o nā mea lawe lāʻau hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopili i kēia ala. Manaʻo wau iā lākou e like me kahi gobstopper, kahi i loaʻa ai kēlā mau ʻāpana lole like ʻole a hoʻoheheʻe lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa, "wahi a Hammond.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ala, ua hana ʻo Hammond i nā ʻāpana hiki ke hāʻawi i hoʻokahi-ʻelua punch i nā maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻokuʻu nā ʻāpana i kahi maʻi o ka waikawa nucleic e like me ka RNA interfering pōkole (siRNA), hiki ke hoʻopau i kahi ʻano maʻi kanesa, a i ʻole microRNA, hiki ke hoʻāla i nā genes suppressor tumor. A laila, hoʻokuʻu nā ʻāpana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy e like me cisplatin, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o nā cell i kēia manawa.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā ʻāpana i kahi "stealth layer" i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e pale iā lākou mai ka haki ʻana i ke kahe koko ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kā lākou mau pahuhopu. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻāpana o waho e kōkua i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana e nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā molekala e hoʻopaʻa i nā protein i nui i nā cell tumor.
Ma nā hana hou loa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Hammond i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā nanoparticles e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ovarian a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ma hope o ka chemotherapy. Ma kahi o 70 pākēneka o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ovarian, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka puni mua o ka lapaʻau ʻana, akā e hoʻi hou ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi o 85 pakeneka o ia mau maʻi, a ʻo kēia mau maʻi maʻi hou he mau lāʻau kūʻokoʻa loa.
Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka uhi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā nanoparticles hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua ʻike ʻo Hammond hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻāpana e komo i loko o nā pūnaewele tumora a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou mau ʻili. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e pili ana i nā cell, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pane ʻana o ka mea maʻi i nā cell tumor recurrent.
"Me ka maʻi maʻi ovarian, he liʻiliʻi loa nā cell immune e noho ana ma kēlā wahi, a no ka nui ʻole o nā cell immune i kēia manawa, paʻakikī loa ke hoʻāla hou i kahi pane kūlohelohe," wahi āna. "Akā, inā hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i kahi mole i nā cell kokoke, nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho nei, a hoʻihoʻi hou iā lākou, a laila hiki iā mākou ke hana i kekahi mea."
I kēlā hopena, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia i nā nanoparticles e hoʻopuka ana i ka IL-12, he cytokine e hoʻoulu ai i nā cell T kokoke e hoʻomaka i ka hana a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā cell tumor. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻiole, ua ʻike ʻo ia ua hoʻoulu kēia mālama ʻana i kahi pane T-cell hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi e pale ai i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ovarian.
Ua pani ʻo Hammond i kāna haʻiʻōlelo ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hopena o ka Institute i loaʻa iā ia i kāna ʻoihana.
"He hana hoʻololi ia," wahi āna. “Ke manaʻo nei au he mea kūikawā kēia wahi no ka mea e hui pū ai nā kānaka a hiki iā mākou ke hana like i nā mea hiki ʻole iā mākou ke hana wale. A ʻo ia kākoʻo i loaʻa iā mākou mai kā mākou mau hoaaloha, nā hoa hana, a me kā mākou mau haumāna e hiki ai i nā mea.
Kākau ʻia e Anne Trafton
