Yog tias koj tau nyeem ib zaj dab neeg txog kev tshawb fawb quantum tsis ntev los no, hauv Columbia Xov Xwm lossis lwm qhov, koj yuav tau hnov cov lus 2D los yog ob-dimensional cov ntaub ntawv.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm atomic qauv ntawm graphene, ib daim ntawv ntawm ultra-muaj zog 2D carbon.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis, Columbia chemists luam tawm ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog thawj zaug 2D hnyav fermion, ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom uas hnyav heev electrons. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Engineering tau tshaj tawm ib zaj dab neeg ntawm "Laser-tsav ib tug 2D khoom” Thiab ua ntej xyoo tas los, Cov kws tshawb fawb pom ob qho tib si superconductivity thiab ferroelectricity hauv tib 2D cov khoom. Daim ntawv mus rau.
Yog li, 2D cov ntaub ntawv yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas cov kws tshawb fawb thiaj li txaus siab?
Cov ntaub ntawv ob sab yog qhov lawv zoo li: Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsuas yog 1 lossis 2 atoms tuab tab sis dav dua hauv txhua qhov kev coj. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv 2D cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm nrog yog ob peb square micrometers loj- pom tsis tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab, tab sis pom tau nrog hom tsom iav uas koj tau siv hauv cov chav kawm kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm theem siab. Cov ntaub ntawv 2D uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm nrog yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, xws li graphene, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas tau pom nyob rau hauv Columbia xyoo 2004, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov chaw sim, xws li CeSil, ib lub pob zeb ua ntej sib sau ua ke ntawm Columbia xyoo tas los, yog tsim los ntawm cerium, silicon, thiab iodine. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau pib ua peb-dimensional, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tev lawv mus rau ob qhov ntev los khiav cov kev sim rau lawv thiab nrhiav seb lub cev zoo li cas, zoo li superconductivity or hlau nplaum, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thaum cov ntaub ntawv yog atom-flat. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm los tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab los ua 2D cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kos, tsis tas yuav tev lawv los ntawm 3D, tab sis qhov zoo ntawm cov no tseem tsis zoo.
Ntau yam ua rau 2D cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lawv txwv txoj hauv kev uas cov khoom zoo li electrons tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv lawv. Columbia Chemist Xavier Roy siv ib qho kev sib piv ntawm kev tsheb los piav qhia:
"Xav txog nws zoo li no: Yog tias peb muaj lub tsheb ya uas tuaj yeem taug kev hauv qhov chaw peb sab, peb tuaj yeem txo cov tsheb feem ntau hauv New York. Tab sis txij li thaum peb lub tsheb tam sim no tsuas tuaj yeem taug kev hauv ob sab, peb xaus nrog cov tsheb loj loj hauv Times Square, "Roy tau hais hauv kev sib tham tsis ntev los no.
"Ib yam tshwm sim rau cov hluav taws xob thaum peb txav ntawm 3D mus rau 2D, tab sis nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, 'tsheb' ntawm electrons yog qhov zoo! Raws li cov electron-electron kev sib cuam tshuam ua kom muaj zog, peb tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, raws li cov thickness ntawm 3D hnyav fermion cov ntaub ntawv raug txo (piv txwv li thaum lawv dhau los ua 2D), lawv tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm kev sib nqus mus rau superconducting.
Cov ntaub ntawv ob sab kuj tseem tuaj yeem yooj yim tweaked: Stacking lawv nrog cov ces kaum me ntsis ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, siv zog xws li hluav taws xob teb thiab magnetic teb, thiab straining cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm twisting los yog siv siab rau lawv yuav hloov lawv cov khoom. Ua ib qho piv txwv xwb: Los ntawm kev tso ob nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khoom hu ua tungsten diselenide rau saum ib leeg, sib tw, thiab ntxiv lossis tshem tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv. tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm cov hlau ua hluav taws xob mus rau qhov hluav taws xob thaiv hluav taws xob thiab rov qab los dua.
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj zoo siab los ntawm 2D cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm siv hauv tshuab, uas cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau hu ua "cov ntawv thov."
Cov ntaub ntawv ob sab yuav zoo li ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tom ntej, suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj quantum uas tseem tab tom tsim. Vim li cas? Feem ntau, vim 2D cov ntaub ntawv yog ultra-me me nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tswj tau (xws li superconductivity), thiab thev naus laus zis ib txwm nyob ntawm kev yos hav zoov rau qee yam uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tau sai dua, ua tau zoo dua, thiab siv qhov chaw tsawg dua.
Tau qhov twg los: Columbia University
