Kallon bambance-bambancen guda biyu na mai kara kuzari, tare da cire wani yanki na harsashi don nuna ciki. Faren farin yana wakiltar harsashi na silica, ramukan su ne pores. Ƙirar launin kore mai haske suna wakiltar shafukan yanar gizo na catalytic, wadanda ke gefen hagu sun fi na dama. Dogayen igiyoyin ja suna wakiltar sarƙoƙi na polymer, kuma guntun igiyoyi sune samfuran bayan catalysis. Duk gajerun igiyoyi suna kama da girman girmansu, suna wakiltar madaidaiciyar zaɓi a cikin bambance-bambancen mai kara kuzari. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙarin ƙananan sarƙoƙi waɗanda ƙananan rukunin yanar gizo ke samarwa saboda abin da ya faru yana faruwa da sauri. Kiredit: Hoton Labbin Argonne National Laboratory, Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka
Ana ci gaba da haɓaka fasahohin hawan robobi ta hanyar wani abin da ya ƙera kwanan nan don karya robobi. Tawagar masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Ames Laboratory scientists ne suka gano na farko aiwatar inorganic kara kuzari a cikin 2020 don ƙaddamar da robobin polyolefin zuwa kwayoyin halitta waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don ƙirƙirar samfura masu mahimmanci. A yanzu ƙungiyar ta ƙirƙira kuma ta tabbatar da dabara don hanzarta sauyi ba tare da sadaukar da samfuran kyawawa ba.
Wenyu Huang, masanin kimiya a dakin gwaje-gwaje Ames ne ya tsara shi. Ya ƙunshi barbashi na platinum da aka goyan baya akan siliki mai ƙarfi kuma an kewaye shi da harsashi na silica tare da pores iri ɗaya waɗanda ke ba da damar shiga rukunin yanar gizo. Jimlar adadin platinum da ake buƙata kaɗan ne, wanda ke da mahimmanci saboda tsadar platinum da ƙarancin wadata. A lokacin gwaje-gwajen rushewa, dogayen sarƙoƙi na polymer suna zaren cikin ramuka kuma su tuntuɓi wuraren da ke motsa jiki, sa'an nan kuma an karye sarƙoƙi zuwa ƙananan girman da ba kayan filastik ba (duba hoton da ke sama don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai).
A cewar Aaron Sadow, masanin kimiyya a Ames Lab kuma darektan Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar Haɗin Filastik (iCOUP), ƙungiyar ta ƙera nau'o'in nau'i uku na mai kara kuzari. Each variation had identically sized cores and porous shells, but varying diameters of platinum particles, from 1.7 to 2.9 to 5.0 nm.
Masu binciken sun yi hasashen cewa bambance-bambancen girman barbashi na platinum zai shafi tsayin sarƙoƙi na samfuran, don haka manyan ƙwayoyin platinum za su yi tsayin sarƙoƙi kuma ƙananan za su yi guntun sarƙoƙi. Koyaya, ƙungiyar ta gano cewa tsayin sarƙoƙi na samfuran sun kasance girman ɗaya don duk abubuwan haɓaka uku.
"A cikin wallafe-wallafen, zaɓin halayen haɗin gwiwar carbon-carbon yawanci ya bambanta da girman nau'in nanoparticles na platinum. Ta hanyar sanya platinum a kasan ramukan, mun ga wani abu na musamman,” in ji Sadow.
Madadin haka, ƙimar da aka karya sarƙoƙi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ya bambanta ga abubuwan haɓaka uku. Manyan ɓangarorin platinum sun amsa tare da doguwar sarkar polymer da sannu a hankali yayin da ƙarami suka yi sauri. Wannan haɓakar ƙimar zai iya haifar da mafi girman kashi na gefe da kusurwar rukunin platinum akan saman ƙananan nanoparticles. Waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon sun fi ƙwazo wajen ƙulla sarkar polymer fiye da platinum da ke cikin fuskokin barbashi.
A cewar Sadow, sakamakon yana da mahimmanci saboda suna nuna cewa ana iya daidaita ayyukan da kansa daga zaɓin waɗannan halayen. "Yanzu, muna da kwarin gwiwa cewa za mu iya yin ƙarin kuzari mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya tauna polymer har ma da sauri, yayin da muke amfani da sigogin tsarin haɓakawa don buga takamaiman tsayin sarkar samfur," in ji shi.
Huang ya yi bayanin cewa, irin wannan nau'in mafi girman martanin kwayoyin halitta a cikin masu kara kuzari gaba daya ba a yin nazari sosai. Don haka, binciken yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar mahimmancin kimiyya da kuma yadda yake yin amfani da robobi.
“Muna bukatar mu kara fahimtar tsarin saboda har yanzu muna koyon sabbin abubuwa kowace rana. Muna bincika wasu sigogi waɗanda za mu iya kunnawa don ƙara haɓaka ƙimar samarwa da canza rarraba samfuran, "in ji Huang. "Don haka akwai sabbin abubuwa da yawa a cikin jerinmu suna jiran mu gano."
Magana: "Mai Girman Nanoparticles Masu Sarrafa Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙirar Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Xun Wu, Akalanka Tennakoon, Ryan Yappert, Michaela Esveld, Magali S. Ferrandon, Ryan A. Hackler, Anne M. LaPointe, Andreas Heyden, Massimiliano Delferro, Baron Peters, Aaron D. Sadow da Wenyu Huang, 23 ga Fabrairu 2022, Journal of Amirka Chemical Society.
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11694
Cibiyar Nazarin Haɗin Kai ta Filastik (iCOUP) ce ta gudanar da binciken, wanda Ames Laboratory ke jagoranta. iCOUP Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ce ta Frontier wacce ta ƙunshi masana kimiyya daga Ames Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, UC Santa Barbara, Jami'ar South Carolina, Jami'ar Cornell, Arewa maso yamma Jami'ar, da Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
