A cikin takarda da aka rubuta aikin marubuci na farko na zamanin da, masana kimiyya sun gano bayanin meteoroscope - wani kayan aiki na musamman na tsohon masanin taurari, wanda har yanzu an san shi ne kawai daga tushen kai tsaye.
An buga wata kasida a cikin mujalla ta Archive of History of Exact Sciences, wadda mawallafinta suka yi nazarin wani rubutun na ƙarni na 8 da aka gano a Abbey na Bobbio a arewacin Italiya. Wannan rubutun ya ƙunshi rubutun Latin na "Etymologies" na farkon masanin zamani da ɗaya daga cikin Ubannin Ikilisiya - Isidore na Seville.
An gano rubutun a farkon karni na 19, lokacin da ake binciken rubutun abbey. An sami rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce ɗari da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga farkon Tsakanin Zamani a wurin. An yi imanin cewa an kwatanta wannan rubutun a cikin littafin Umberto Eco na Sunan Rose. An ajiye tarin yanzu a cikin Laburaren Ambrosian da ke Milan. Rubutun ƙarni na 8, ba shakka, abin tarihi ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci. Amma mawallafin sabon aikin sun yi iƙirarin cewa littafin ya fi girma kuma ya fi daraja. Binciken da aka yi a shafukan ya nuna cewa aƙalla wasu daga cikinsu suna da ɗan kwali. Wannan shi ne abin da suke kira rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta a kan takarda da aka riga aka yi amfani da su. A lokacin Duhu, fatun yana da tsada sosai kuma sufaye da suke aiki a cikin littafin sun ƙirƙira hanyoyi daban-daban don ba da damar sake amfani da shi.
An samo palimpsests goma sha biyar a ƙarƙashin rubutun Isidore na Seville, waɗanda a baya an yi amfani da su don rubutun kimiyyar Girka guda uku: rubutu tare da marubucin da ba a san shi ba akan injiniyoyin lissafi da kuma catoptric (wani sashe akan abubuwan gani) wanda aka sani da Fragmentum Mathematicum Bobiense (ganye uku). Rubutun Ptolemy “Analema” (ganye shida) da kuma rubutun falaki wanda har ya zuwa yanzu ba a tantance shi ba kuma kusan ba a karanta shi ba (ganye shida). Ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin hoto da yawa, masana kimiyya sun sami damar bayyana tawada da ke ɓoye kuma su bincika rubutun, tare da misalai da yawa. Suna da'awar cewa wannan rubutun na tsohon masanin falaki ne na Romawa Claudius Ptolemy. Bugu da kari, rubutun na musamman ne, babu wasu kwafi.
Ptolemy, wanda ya rayu a karni na 2 a Masarautar Roman (yafi a Iskandariya), yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Hellenism da Roma. A matsayinsa na masanin falaki ba shi da wani tamka ko dai a rayuwarsa ko kuma tsawon karni da dama bayan haka. Littafinsa Almagest (asali mai suna Syntaxis Mathematica) kusan cikakkiyar tarin ilimin taurari ne game da Girka da Gabas Kusa.
Wani masanin Roman, Paparoma na Alexandria (ba a san shekarun rayuwarsa ba, mai yiwuwa karni na III-IV), ya rubuta cikakken sharhi game da Almagest, wanda a fili yake cewa aikin Ptolemy bai kai mu gaba daya ba. Misali, Papp ya ambaci meteoroscope, wani tsohon kayan aikin da aka ƙera don sanin tazarar gawar sama, wani nau’in sararin samaniya. Marubutan sabon binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun gano a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ainihin ɓangaren rubutun Ptolemy wanda a ciki ya bayyana na'urar meteoroscope. Wannan na'ura ta kasance hadadden hadaddiyar zoben karfe tara da aka hada ta hanya ta musamman.
A cewar masana kimiyya, ana iya amfani da shi don magance matsaloli iri-iri, kamar tantance latudu a cikin digiri daga Equator, ainihin ranar solstice ko equinox, ko kuma bayyana matsayin duniya a sararin sama. Diamita ya kai kusan rabin mita. Na'urar meteoroscope, binciken ya ce, an kwatanta shi dalla-dalla yadda za ku iya tafiya da wannan rubutu zuwa ga ma'aikacin karfe mai kyau kuma zai hada kayan aiki. Haka kuma, a zahiri babu wasu shawarwari kan yadda ake gudanar da binciken sararin samaniya. Wannan na ƙarshe yana da ban mamaki ga Ptolemy - sauran ayyukansa suna nuna aikin masanin kimiyya na d ¯ a.
Amma masu bincike ba su da shakku game da marubucin: Ptolemy yana da salon salo da ƙamus. Marubutan aikin suna fatan samun ci gaba na rubutun a cikin yuwuwar palimpsests a wasu rubuce-rubucen daga tarin rubutun Bobbio Abbey. Wataƙila an raba tsohon fakitin zuwa shafuka kuma marubuta da yawa da ke aiki a kan rubuce-rubuce dabam-dabam sun yi amfani da su.
Hoto: Wani tsohon rubutu Alexander Jones et al yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kwafin aikin Isidore na Seville.
