Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: malami musulmi wanda ya bada shawarar tattaunawa

Ina so in misalta wannan batu ta hanyar bayyana irin gudunmawar da aka bayar ga tunani da aiki da tattaunawa tsakanin musulmi da Kirista da wasu manyan mutane biyu suka bayar a tarihin Turkiyya na baya-bayan nan. Tun kafin Majalisar Vatican ta biyu, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1876-1960), daya daga cikin masu tunani na musulmi na karni na 20, ya ba da shawarar tattaunawa tsakanin musulmi na gaskiya da kiristoci na gaskiya. Bayanin farko na Said Nursi game da bukatar tattaunawa tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista tun daga 1911, fiye da shekaru 50 kafin takardar Majalisar, Nostra aetate.

Nursi ya jagoranci ra'ayinsa game da bukatar tattaunawa tsakanin musulmi da kirista daga nazarin da ya yi kan al'umma a zamaninsa. Ya yi la'akari da cewa babban ƙalubalen bangaskiya a wannan zamani ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarin rayuwa da ƙasashen yamma ke ɗaukaka. Ya ji cewa zaman duniya na zamani yana da fuska biyu. A gefe guda kuma, akwai tsarin gurguzu wanda ya musanta samuwar Allah a fili kuma ya yi yaƙi da matsayin addini a cikin al'umma da sane. A daya bangaren kuma, akwai rashin bin tsarin tsarin jari hujja na zamani wanda bai musanta samuwar Allah ba, sai dai kawai ya yi watsi da tambayar Allah, ya kuma ciyar da tsarin rayuwa na mabukaci, son jari-hujja kamar babu Allah ko kuma kamar Allah ba shi da wata manufa ta halin kirki. ɗan adam. A cikin nau'ikan al'ummomin duniya guda biyu, wasu mutane na iya yin zaɓi na kansu, na sirri don bin tafarkin addini, amma bai kamata addini ya ce komai ba game da siyasa, tattalin arziki ko tsarin zamantakewa.

Nursi ya ci gaba da cewa, a halin da ake ciki a wannan zamani, masu bi na addini – Kirista da Musulmi – suna fuskantar irin wannan gwagwarmaya, wato kalubalen gudanar da rayuwa ta imani wanda manufar rayuwar dan’adam ita ce bautar Allah da kuma son wasu da biyayya ga nufin Allah, da gudanar da wannan rayuwa ta imani a cikin duniyar da galibin bangarori na siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa suka mamaye ko dai ta akidar tsageru, irin ta gurguzu, ko kuma ta hanyar zindikanci a aikace, inda Allah yake kawai. an yi watsi da shi, an manta, ko kuma a ɗauka ba shi da mahimmanci.

In ji Nursi ya dage cewa barazanar da tsarin mulkin zamani ke haifarwa ga imani mai rai ga Allah gaskiya ne kuma dole ne muminai su yi gwagwarmaya da gaske don kare tsakiyar nufin Allah a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, amma bai ba da shawarar tashin hankali don cimma wannan burin ba. Ya ce babban abin da ake bukata a yau shi ne gwagwarmaya mafi girma, jihadin Akbar da Alkur'ani ya yi magana game da shi. Wannan kokari ne na cikin gida na kawo kowane bangare na rayuwar mutum cikin biyayya ga nufin Allah. Kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin shahararriyar Hudubarsa ta Damascus, daya daga cikin mafi girman wannan gwagwarmaya shi ne wajabcin yarda da shawo kan raunin kansa da na al'ummarsa. Sau da yawa, in ji shi, masu bi suna jaraba su zargi matsalolinsu a kan wasu yayin da ainihin kuskuren ya kasance a cikin kansu - rashin gaskiya, cin hanci da rashawa, munafunci da son rai wanda ke nuna yawancin al'ummomin da ake kira "addini".

Ya kara ba da shawarar gwagwarmayar magana, kalam, abin da za a iya kira tattaunawa mai mahimmanci da nufin gamsar da wasu game da bukatar mika rayuwar mutum ga nufin Allah. Inda Said Nursi ya yi nisa kafin lokacinsa shi ne ya hango cewa a cikin wannan gwagwarmayar ci gaba da tattaunawa mai mahimmanci da al'ummar zamani bai kamata musulmi su yi aiki su kadai ba, amma dole ne su hada kai da wadanda ya kira "Kiristoci na gaskiya," a takaice dai, Kiristoci ba za su yi aiki ba. da suna kawai, amma waɗanda suka shiga cikin saƙon da Kristi ya zo da su, waɗanda suke aikata bangaskiyarsu, kuma waɗanda suke buɗe kuma suna shirye su ba da haɗin kai tare da Musulmai.

Sabanin yadda da yawa daga cikin musulmin zamaninsa suke kallon al'amura, Said Nursi ya ce bai kamata musulmi su ce kiristoci abokan gaba ba ne. A'a, Musulmi da Kirista suna da makiya guda uku da za su fuskanci juna: jahilci, talauci, sabani. A takaice dai yana ganin bukatar tattaunawa ta samo asali ne daga kalubalen da al’ummar kasa ke fuskanta ga musulmi da kiristoci kuma ya kamata tattaunawa ta kai ga cimma matsaya daya ta fuskar ilimi, gami da samuwar dabi’a da ruhi don adawa da mugunyar jahilci, hadin kai a ci gaban kasa da kuma ci gaba. ayyukan jin dadi don adawa da sharrin talauci, da kokarin hadin kai da hadin kai don adawa da abokan gaba na sabani, bangaranci, da karkatar da kai.

Nursi ya ce har yanzu yana fatan cewa kafin karshen zamani addinin Kiristanci na gaskiya zai rikide zuwa wani nau'i na Musulunci, amma bai kamata a dauki bambance-bambancen da ke akwai a yau tsakanin Musulunci da Kiristanci a matsayin wani abin da zai kawo cikas ga hadin gwiwar Musulmi da Kirista wajen fuskantar kalubalen rayuwar zamani. Hasali ma, a kusan karshen rayuwarsa, a shekarar 1953, Said Nursi ya kai ziyara a Istanbul zuwa ga Babban Limamin Cocin Orthodox domin karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. ’Yan shekaru da suka shige, a shekara ta 1951, ya aika tarin rubuce-rubucensa zuwa ga Paparoma Pius XII, wanda ya amince da kyautar da rubutu da hannu.

Hazaka ta musamman ta Said Nursi ita ce iyawarsa ta fassara koyarwar Kur'ani ta yadda musulmin zamani za su iya amfani da shi a yanayin rayuwar zamani. Rubuce-rubucensa masu dimbin yawa wadanda aka taru a cikin saƙon haske na Risale-e-Nur sun bayyana buƙatar sake farfado da al'umma ta hanyar aiwatar da kyawawan halaye na yau da kullun kamar aiki, taimakon juna, sanin kai, da daidaitawar dukiya da kora.

Lura game da marubucin: Uba Thomas Michel, SJ, malami ne mai ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Larabci da Addinin Musulunci a Roma. A baya ya koyar da ilimin tauhidi a Makarantar Hidima ta Harkokin Waje ta Georgetown da ke Qatar kuma babban jami'in Cibiyar Alwaleed ta Georgetown don fahimtar Musulmi da Kirista da Cibiyar Tauhidi ta Woodstock. Michel ya kuma yi aiki a Majalisar Fafaroma don tattaunawa tsakanin addinai, inda ya jagoranci ofishin hulda da addinin Islama, sannan ya jagoranci ofisoshin tattaunawa tsakanin addinai na Tarayyar Bishop na Asiya da sakatariyar Jesuit da ke Rome. An nada shi a 1967, ya shiga kungiyar Jesuit a 1971 sannan ya sami digiri na uku a fannin Larabci da Islama daga Jami'ar Chicago.

Hoto: Cibiyar Berkley don Addini, Zaman Lafiya, da Harkokin Duniya, Jami'ar Georgetown, Washington, DC