Hira da Architect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov, wanda ya jagoranci sake gina cocin tarihi a 2000-2010, wanda Stalin ya lalata a cikin 1930s.
Dr Ievgenia Gidulianova
Lokacin sanyi (14.09.2023) – A watan Agustan 2023, kasa da wata guda bayan makami mai linzami na Rasha ya lalata babban cocin Transfiguration na Odesa, Architect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov (*) ya kasance a tashar ruwan Ukraine don tantance barnar da Rasha ta yi.
Meshcheriakov wani hali ne wanda sunansa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da tarihin sake gina Cathedral na Odesa na Mai Ceto, wanda aka lalatar da shi gaba ɗaya a lokacin Stalin.
A cikin 1999, ƙungiyar masu gine-gine a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa ita ce lambar yabo na kira na kasa don ayyukan sake gina Odesa Cathedral na Canjin Mai Ceto. An sake gina babban cocin a cikin 2000-2010 bisa ayyukansa sannan kuma aka ba shi lambar yabo ta jihar Ukraine a fannin gine-gine don sake gina Cathedral na Odesa. Shi ne mawallafin littafin monograph akan wannan batu.
Tambayar
Tambaya: Daga ƙwararrun ku, ta yaya kuke tantance girman barnar da aka yi wa Cathedral na Transfiguration sakamakon harba makami mai linzami na Rasha a Odesa a daren 23 ga Yuli 2023?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Roka ɗin ya wuce a tsaye ta cikin rufin da ke sama da bagadin dama, ya lalata benen babban cocin da kuma benayen siminti biyu da aka ƙarfafa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa na ƙananan ɓangaren Kathedral. Ganuwar wannan bangare na ginin sun lalace sosai. Fiye da kashi 70% na gine-ginen rufin da rufin tagulla na Cathedral an lalata su gaba ɗaya ko lalacewa ta hanyar shrapnel da igiyar fashewa. Kusan duk murfin jan karfe na rufin babban cocin yana ƙarƙashin rushewa da sabuntawa. An kusan lalata kayan ado na kayan fasaha na harabar babban ginin. An kuma lalatar da duk abubuwan da aka lalata - marmara ɗaya da na gefen biyu. Kasuwar marmara ta sami lahani sosai sakamakon gutsutsutsun roka.
Q.: Nawa kuke tsammanin zai kashe don mayar da Odesa Cathedral na Canjin Mai Ceto gaba daya?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Matsakaicin adadin da ake buƙata don cikakken sabuntawa na Cathedral kawai za a iya ƙaddara bisa ga ci gaban binciken kimiyya, ƙira da ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga don aikin da ake bukata. Shirye-shiryen takardu don cikakken bincike, tarwatsawa da maido da ɓangarorin da suka lalace, kayan ado na gine-gine da fasaha a ciki da wajen Cathedral babban aiki ne wanda zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa. Ya zuwa yanzu, ci gaban irin waɗannan takaddun bisa ga bayanina ba a fara aiki ba, ba a gano shawarwarin irin wannan aiki da hanyoyin samun kuɗi ba.
Ni masanin kimiyya ne a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Ukraine kuma na yi imanin cewa daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da takardun shaida don maido da Cathedral da sauran abubuwan da aka lalata ya kamata ya zama rahoton bincike tare da yanke shawara da adadin lalacewa. A ganina, wannan adadin zai iya zama daidai da dala miliyan 5. Adadin da ake buƙata don maido da Cathedral a matsayinsa na asali ana iya gabatar da shi a kotu don biyan diyya ga ƙasar da ta yi zalunci.
Q.: Har yaushe za a iya ɗauka kafin a sami nasarar maidowa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ina tsammanin cewa bayan gano hanyoyin samar da kudade, masu ba da gudummawa da kamfanonin sake ginawa, za a ɗauki shekaru 5 zuwa 10 na aiki mai zurfi da ƙwarewa don dawo da babban cocin gaba daya. Yanzu, da farko, wajibi ne don duba babban coci da kuma shirya ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga don sabuntawa.
An gina babban coci kuma an sake gina shi cikin matakai sama da shekaru ɗari. An tsara dandalin Cathedral a cikin 1794 akan shirin farko na Odesa wanda injiniyan sojan Dutch Franz De Volan ya zana. Bayan sake ginawa na ƙarshe a cikin 1900-1903, ya ɗauki har zuwa mutane 12,000 kuma shine ginin coci mafi girma a kudancin Ukraine, cibiyar rayuwar ruhaniya ga mazauna Odesa.
A cikin 1936, Odesa Cathedral na Canjin Mai Ceto ya yi fashi da lalata da hukumomin Soviet, kamar sauran majami'u a cikin USSR.
A cikin 1991, na fara tattara bayanan asali da sauran bayanai game da Cathedral, kuma a cikin 1993, ƙarƙashin jagorancina, an kammala aikin farko na sake gina wannan fitaccen wurin tarihi na al'adun Ukraine da ya ɓace.
A 1999 aikinmu na sake gina Cathedral ya lashe gasar kasa da kasa kuma mun ci gaba da bunkasa aikin. An gina babban coci a cikin matakai uku, farawa a cikin 2000. A cikin 2007, an sanya shi cikin aiki, ya karbi matsayi na tarihi mai mahimmanci na gida a Ukraine kuma an tsarkake shi a cikin 2010. Gine-gine, kayan ado da zane-zane ya ci gaba fiye da haka. Shekaru 10 ba tare da amfani da kudaden jama'a ba, na musamman kan gudummawar 'yan ƙasa, kamfanoni da sauran ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An kirkiro Asusun Orthodox na Bahar Maliya a Odesa don tattara kuɗi da gudummawa don ƙira, gini da kayan ado na Cathedral.
Tambaya: Shin akwai wasu ayyuka da aka riga aka fara dangane da matakan gaggawa da nufin kiyayewa da kare babban cocin a matsayin wani abu na al'adun gargajiya na Ukraine daga ci gaba da lalacewa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: A halin yanzu, godiya ga kokarin 'yan ƙasa, an share tarkace na tarkace na gine-ginen da aka lalata da kuma ciki na Cathedral. Babban abu a yanzu shine shigar da suturar wucin gadi kafin lokacin kaka-hunturu, kare ciki daga ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Ana ci gaba da aiki a cikin wannan hanyar, amma ba su isa ba a ganina.
Duk dakaru da hanyoyin Ukraine a halin yanzu suna da nufin tabbatar da sojojin Ukraine don cin nasara akan muguwar zalunci - Putin na Rasha. Har ila yau, da farko, 'yan ƙasar Ukrain da aka lalata gidajensu suna buƙatar tallafin kuɗi. Ginin Cathedral mallakar Odesa Diocese na Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), wanda kuma yana taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar kuma ba shi da irin wannan gagarumin kudade don maido da Cathedral na Canji.
Q. Wanene a Ukraine ya yi alkawarin ba da gudummawa ga sake ginawa? Nawa ne adadin gudunmawar da aka yi alkawarin bayarwa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Odesa Cathedral a 1999 aka kunshe a cikin Jiha Shirin na sake ginawa daga cikin fitattun Lost Cultural Heritage Sites na Ukraine, wanda ya bayar da kasafi na kudade ga dukan aiki amma ba kudi ga wannan aikin da aka taba kasaftawa. An buɗe Asusun Otodoks na Bahar Maliya don tattara kuɗi don maido da babban cocin. Har ya zuwa yau, ba ni da wani bayani game da 'yan Ukrain da suka ba da kansu don ba da gudummawa don dawo da Cathedral da harin makami mai linzami na Rasha ya lalata.
Q. Shin hukumomin birnin Odesa sun tuntube ku da tayin shiga cikin maido da Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: A'a, ba su tuntube ni ba. A matsayina na shugaban ƙungiyar masu zanen Cathedral da aka sake ginawa, na yi la'akari da cewa ya zama dole don bayyana ga al'ummomi na yanzu da na gaba cewa an lalata Odesa Shrine da makami mai linzami na Rasha. Don wannan, aikin maidowa ya kamata ya haɗa da tanadin da ke ambaton asalin lalacewa a kan manyan ganuwar da aka lalata a waje da babban coci da ciki. Don yin wannan, a cikin aikin gyare-gyare na gaba, ya kamata a rubuta fashe a cikin ganuwar da aka lalace a waje da cikin Cathedral kuma a bayyana su cikin ja. Irin wannan shawarar za ta gani dawwama da yajin wani makami mai linzami na Rasha a kan Odesa Cathedral. Rubuce-rubucen da aka nuna da kuma ɓarna na wannan ɓangaren babban cocin na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tunawa da Ukraine don tunawa da zaluncin soja na Putin na Rasha.
Wane ne Volodymyr Meshcheriakov:
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov shi ne Ph.D Arch, Ass. Farfesa, Laureate na Jihar Prize na Ukraine a fagen gine-gine a cikin 2010 domin sake gina Odesa Canja wurin Cathedral, Memba na Ukrainian kwamitin ICOMOS, Shugaban na Odesa yankin reshe na Architectural Chamber na National Union of Architects. na Ukraine. Masanin shari'a na ma'aikatar shari'a ta Ukraine. Abokin Bincike akan Masu Binciken Kwalejin Biritaniya a Tsarin Haɗari da Kwalejin Triniti na Ziyara, Jami'ar Cambridge.
Marubucin litattafai guda biyu da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya sama da 70, labarai, abubuwan da suka shafi gine-gine da kariyar al'adun gargajiya.
