A ranar 84 ga Nuwamba, muna bikin Tina Turner, fitacciyar "Sarauniyar Rock" mai shekaru 26. An haife ta a cikin 1939 a matsayin Anna Mae Bullock, ta yi fice da shahara tare da hits kamar "Maryamu mai girman kai" da "Iyakokin Birni na Nutbush." Duk da auren ƙalubale, ta sake dawowa cikin nasara tare da kundin solo na 1984 mai suna "Private Dancer," wanda ke nuna litattafai irin su "Menene Soyayya Ta Yi Da Ita."
Ƙwaƙwalwar rawar da Turner ta yi da rawar gani a fina-finai kamar "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" sun nuna iyawarta. Tauraron tarihinta, “Menene Ƙauna Ya Yi Da Ita,” ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin alamar kiɗa da al'adu. Bayan nasarar ziyarar ban kwana a 2008-2009 da kuma rungumar zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland a 2013, Turner ya yi ritaya, ya bar gadon kundi sama da miliyan 200 da aka sayar da kuma tasiri mai dorewa akan kiɗan dutse. A yau, mun tuna da dawwama ruhu da m sana'a.
Mafi shaharar mawaki a tarihin waƙar zamani
Tina Turner tana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan da aka yi farin ciki a tarihin kiɗan zamani. Tun lokacin da ta fara fitowa cikin haske a ƙarshen 1950s, aikinta na almara ya wuce shekaru 6 kuma ta ga Sarauniyar Rock n' Roll ta sake fayyace abin da ake nufi da zama mace mai ƙarfi a cikin kiɗa. Ko da yake ta jimre wa wahalhalu masu ban mamaki a farkon aikinta, Tina ta zama mai nasara a matsayin mai tsira kuma ta kasance majagaba. Abubuwan gadonta na kiɗa iri-iri da iyawarta ta ci gaba da haɓaka sautinta sun ƙarfafa masu fasaha da yawa a cikin R&B, rock, pop da rai.
Ranakun Farko: Gano Muryar Ta
An haifi Tina Turner Anna Mae Bullock a cikin 1939 a Nutbush, Tennessee inda sha'awarta ta rera waka ta kama tun tana karama. Ta girma tana rera waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawakan cocin yankinta inda ta gano haɓakar iya muryarta. Ƙwararrun masu fasaha irin su Mahalia Jackson da Bessie Smith, matashiyar Tina Turner ta rera waƙa a duk inda za ta iya kewaye da garinsu, tana shayar da blues, R&B, bishara da ƙasar da suka mamaye filin kiɗan kudanci. Abubuwan da ta samu na rera waƙa a cikin cocin sun ba Tina ikon sarrafa kewayon muryarta mai ban sha'awa kuma ta aza harsashi don isar da saƙon da za ta yi fice.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, matashin Tina ya halarci wani kade-kade na wake-wake da blues na mawaki Ike Turner kuma ya cika da mamakin yadda kungiyarsa ta yi. Lokacin da mawakin bai fito don yin gigin nasu ba, Tina ta yi tsalle ta fito ta fito da wani waken BB King wanda ya dauki hankalin Ike. Nan take aka ɗauke shi tare da kasancewar matashin ɗan shekara 16 mai ba da umarni da murya mai ƙarfi kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya ɗauke ta zuwa gaban ƙungiyar sa a matsayin mawaƙiya. Bayan Tina ta rubuta abin da zai zama muryar kasuwancinta na farko akan waƙar "Box Top" a cikin 1958, Ike ya canza sunanta zuwa Tina Turner kuma ya sanya ta jagorar mawaƙa na rukunin sa wanda daga baya ya zama The Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
Ra'ayin Ike & Tina Turner: Babban Maɗaukaki & Rawanin Balaguro
Sabuwar baftisma Ike & Tina Turner Revue sun fara yawon shakatawa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba a ko'ina cikin "da'irar chitlin" ta kudanci a ƙarshen 1950s, suna samun sananne don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan motsa jiki. Amincewar Tina, jima'i da bama-bamai na murya sun dace daidai da shirye-shiryen raye-raye na Ike's funky blues kuma duo sun sami suna a matsayin rukunin raye-raye na 1961.
A ƙarshe Revue ya sami nasarar cin nasara ta pop-up a cikin 1962 lokacin da muryoyin ruhi na Tina suka juya sigar waƙar "A Fool In Love" a cikin bugu na Grammy da aka zaɓa da kuma babban kan tashoshin rediyo na baƙi a duk faɗin Amurka. Karin R&B da Ike ya rubuta Tina Turner a matsayin tauraro kuma ya tura shaharar Revue zuwa sabon matsayi a cikin shekarun 60s. Bambance-bambancen Tina a matsayin mawaƙiya ta haskaka ta kan ƙwaƙƙwaran ballads kamar "Na Idolize You" sannan a kan waƙoƙin funk-rock kamar "Bold Soul Sister."
Muryar babbar murya ta Tina da kasancewar matakin mai ban sha'awa ya tura Revue zuwa cikin babban haske lokacin da babban nau'in octane na "Maryamu mai girman kai" ya kai #4 a 1971 kuma ya lashe duo na farko kuma kawai Grammy. Sun zama abin ban sha'awa yawon shakatawa a duk faɗin ƙasar, har ma suna buɗewa don Rolling Stones a cikin 1969 a kololuwar shaharar ƙungiyar Burtaniya. Fiye da shekaru 20, Ike da Tina Turner sun yi nasara bayan buga wasan R&B mai ban sha'awa ciki har da na gargajiya kamar "River Deep, Mountain High" da "Nutbush City Limits" waɗanda har yanzu suna da zafi a yau godiya ga Tina's gale-force vocals.
A bayan fage, duk da haka, Tina ta jimre sama da shekaru goma na mugun zagi a hannun mijinta da abokin aikinta na kiɗa Ike. Ko da yake mai yiwuwa ba a sani ba ga magoya bayan da ingantaccen ilimin kimiyyar su na kange ya mamaye su a lokacin, Tina ta jimre da dukan tsiya, wulakanci da kulawa ta Ike wanda ya yi niyya da ita da mawaƙa a cikin ƙungiyarsa.
Bayan shekaru da yawa na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin inuwar mamayar Ike, Tina Turner a ƙarshe ta sami ƙudirin kuɓuta daga haɗin gwiwar kiɗa da aure mai guba. Ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1976, Tina ta gudu da cents 36 kawai da katin bashi na tashar mai, ta fara aikinta na biyu a matsayin mai zane-zane. Lokacin da shahararriyar Revue ta ragu cikin sauri ba tare da tsayawar Tina ba, hakan ya ƙara ƙarfafa cewa fitacciyar muryarta da maganadisu na matakin su ne injunan gaskiya a bayan nasararsu.
Sarauniyar Rock Tina Turner: Mai Girma Solo Komawa
Bayan rabuwa da Ike, Tina ta yi aiki tuƙuru don sake gina sana'arta ta kida daga karce, ta yanke shawarar ba za ta sake kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon mutum ba. Ko da yake ta yi gwagwarmaya ta hanyar shari'a da kudi, Tina Turner ta ba da sabuwar 'yancin kai don sake fasalin sautinta. Komawa bayan tushen R&B dinta, musamman muryarta yanzu ta haifar da mace mai juriya da ke amfani da cikakken ikon maimaita kaddarorin dutse da kidan solos na guitar a cikin salon cathartic.
Tina ta sanar da cewa ta dawo ta hanyar buɗe makada kamar The Rolling Stones da AC/DC a gaban ɗimbin jama'a. Bayan shekaru da yawa ba tare da hange ba, duk da haka, masu kula da kiɗa sun kasance da shakku cewa mawaƙin da ya tsufa zai iya dawo da kanta. Bayan wani kamfani na rikodi ya watsar da ita, Tina ta rattaba hannu kan Capitol Records a cikin 1983, ta ƙudura don sake fasalin hotonta ta hanyar kiɗa da bidiyo na kiɗan abokantaka.
Ci gaban solo dinta ya zo a cikin 1984 tare da fitar da kundi na biyar, Dancer mai zaman kansa. Ƙwararrun faifan bidiyon kiɗan MTV waɗanda suka nuna tarihin dawowarta, kundi ɗin ya haifar da faɗo da dutsen da ba su ƙarewa ba suna haɓaka sautin musamman na Tina. Waƙar ƙarfafa mata mai ƙarfi, "Menene Soyayya Ta Yi Da Ita" ta zama Tina ta farko kuma ɗaya kaɗai #1 kuma ta sami Rikodin Shekara. "Better Be Good To Me" ya kai #5 yayin da ta yi wasan kwaikwayon "Mu zauna tare" ta fashe Top 10 shekaru goma bayan ta fara rubuta waƙar.
Tana da shekaru 45, kundi na Dancer mai zaman kansa ya zira Tina 4 Grammys kuma ya ci gaba da zama gwaninta - hadewar gitar dutsen da ba ta dace ba da kuma samar da pop-up tare da muryoyin R&B masu tsauri da ke nuna wata mace mai juriya da ta fito daga tarkacen rayuwa. Kusan dare ɗaya, nasarar da ta samu a sararin samaniya ya mayar da Tina ta zama alamar duniya a sahun gaba na 1980s.
Tina ta hau zaɓenta mai zafi a cikin 1985's Grammy-nominated album Break Every Rule sannan ta sami kanta cikin buƙata daga Hollywood, tana yin rikodin sautin fim ɗin kamar "Ba Mu Bukatar Wani Jarumi" daga Mad Max: Bayan Thunderdome da waƙar James Bond "Goldeneye". "a cikin 1995. Ta cika manyan balaguron balaguron filin wasa tare da shirye-shirye da yawa a ƙarshen 1990s kafin ta aiwatar da balaguron nasara na ƙarshe a duniya tana da shekaru 68 a 2008.
Sama da shekaru 50, Tina Turner ta almara kasida na music ta nuna ikon zama mai wuya wanda ya nuna nata juyin halitta daga R&B starlet zuwa Sarauniyar Rock. Ko da yake ƙwaƙƙwaran muryarta sun ta'allaka ne kan rashin jin zafi da rauni, kiɗan Tina iri-iri sun haskaka ƙarfafawa da juriya wanda ya ƙarfafa tsararraki.
Tasirin Kidanta Mai Girma
Tina Turner ta yi tasiri mara gogewa a duk faɗin yanayin kiɗan tun daga zamaninta yayin da mace ta Ike a cikin shekarun 1960 ta hanyar sake haifuwarta a matsayin sarautar dutse a cikin 1980s. Alamar zafinta na rhythm & blues sun aza harsashi ga ruhin 60's yayin da 'yantar da ita a kan MTV-pop ta kwatanta damar da baƙar fata mata masu fasaha ke da iyaka.
A farkon aikinta, ƙwaƙƙwaran ruhin Tina akan yawon buɗe ido ya sa ta zama abin koyi ga tsararrun matasan mawaƙa baƙar fata ciki har da Chaka Khan, Natalie Cole da Whitney Houston waɗanda suka yi mamakin juriyarta da bala'in da ba za a iya misaltuwa ba. Tina ta ɗauki kanta tare da kwarin gwiwa wanda ya tashi a fuskar tarurrukan zamantakewa kuma ya zaburar da sabbin masu fasaha irin su Janet Jackson da Beyonce don yin jigilar divas na ciki.
Yayin da ta koma yin rawa a cikin aikinta na solo, Tina ta buɗe kofa ga mata baƙi don cin nasara kan masana'antar kiɗa ta al'ada bisa ga ka'idodinsu. Ta ba da hanya ga tsararraki masu zuwa na masu fasaha na kabilanci kamar Mariah Carey, Alicia Keys da Halle Bailey waɗanda suka haɗa ƙwaƙƙwaran R&B tare da ɗorewa. Ko da a yau, masu fasaha kamar Jazmine Sullivan da HER suna kallon isar da murya mai layukan azurfar Tina yayin da suke ba da ransu ga ƙima.
Yanzu a cikin shekarunta 80s, haskakawar Tina Turner da tasiri a cikin bakan kiɗan ba zai yuwu ba. Ko da yake an san ta da waƙoƙin ƙauna mai ban sha'awa, aikin Tina ya kwatanta juriya wanda ya ƙarfafa mata a ko'ina. Ko dai ta fitar da kuka mai rai daga kwanakinta tare da Ike ko kuma ta yi ruri a kan pop-synths a cikin 1980s, muryarta ta almara tana jujjuya mace mai juriya ta shawo kan bala'in da ba za a iya misaltuwa ba - kuma tana yin hakan yayin da take kafa ma'auni a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban. Ko a yau, ta kasance Sarauniyar Rock n' Roll.
