Gas na cikin gida yana faruwa ne ta dabi'a kuma yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar ɗan adam da miliyoyin sauran abubuwa masu rai, ta hanyar kiyaye wasu ɗumi na rana daga waiwaya zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma sanya duniya mai rai. Amma bayan fiye da karni daya da rabi na bunkasa masana'antu, sare dazuzzuka, da kuma yawan noma, yawan iskar gas a sararin samaniya ya karu zuwa matakin da ba a gani ba cikin shekaru miliyan uku. Yayin da yawan jama'a, tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da matsayin rayuwa ke ƙaruwa, haka ma yawan yawan iskar iskar gas (GHGs) ke ƙaruwa.
Akwai wasu ingantattun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar kimiyya:
- Matsakaicin yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayin duniya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da matsakaicin zafin duniya a duniya;
- Hankali yana karuwa a hankali, kuma yana nufin yanayin yanayin duniya tare da shi, tun lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu;
- Mafi yawan GHG, lissafin kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2), galibi samfurin kona man fesa ne.
Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (IPCC)
Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Gwamnati kan Yanayi ChAnge (IPCC) an kafa ta Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) da kuma Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don samar da ainihin tushen bayanan kimiyya.
Rahoton Kima na Shida
Rahoton kimantawa na shida na IPCC, wanda za a fitar a cikin Maris 2023, ya ba da bayyani kan yanayin ilimin kimiyyar canjin yanayi, yana mai da hankali kan sabbin sakamako tun bayan buga rahoton kimantawa na biyar a 2014. Ya dogara ne akan rahotannin Ƙungiyoyin Aiki guda uku na IPCC - akan kimiyyar jiki; tasiri, daidaitawa da rauni; da ragewa - da kuma akan rahotannin Musamman guda uku akan Dumamar Duniya na 1.5°C, A kan Canjin yanayi da Kasa, kuma a kan Teku da Cryosphere a cikin Canjin Yanayi.
Abin da muka sani bisa ga rahoton IPCC:
- Babu shakka cewa tasirin ɗan adam ya dumama yanayi, teku da ƙasa. Canje-canje masu yaduwa da sauri a cikin yanayi, teku, cryosphere da biosphere sun faru.
- Girman sauye-sauye na baya-bayan nan a cikin tsarin yanayi gaba daya - da kuma halin da ake ciki na bangarori da yawa na tsarin yanayi - ba a taba ganin irinsa ba tsawon shekaru da dama zuwa dubban shekaru.
- Sauyin yanayi da ɗan adam ya haifar ya riga ya shafi yanayi da matsananciyar yanayi a kowane yanki na duniya. Shaida na canje-canjen da aka lura a cikin matsanancin zafi kamar zafin rana, hazo mai nauyi, fari, da guguwa mai zafi, kuma, musamman, ra'ayinsu ga tasirin ɗan adam, ya ƙarfafa tun daga rahoton kimantawa na biyar.
- Kimanin mutane biliyan 3.3 zuwa biliyan 3.6 ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ke da matukar rauni ga sauyin yanayi.
- Lalacewar yanayin muhalli da mutane ga sauyin yanayi ya sha bamban sosai a tsakanin yankuna.
- Idan dumamar yanayi ta wuce 1.5 ° C a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ko kuma daga baya, to yawancin tsarin mutane da na halitta zasu fuskanci ƙarin haɗari masu tsanani, idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasa da 1.5 ° C.
- Rage fitar da hayaki na GHG a cikin cikakken sashin makamashi yana buƙatar manyan canje-canje, gami da raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da man fetur gabaɗaya, tura hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai ƙarancin hayaki, canzawa zuwa madadin masu ɗaukar makamashi, da ingancin makamashi da kiyayewa.
Dumin Duniyahttps://europeantimes.news/environment/zafin jiki na 1.5 ° C
A watan Oktoba 2018 IPCC ta fitar da wani rahoto na musamman A kan tasirin dumamar yanayi na 1.5 ° C, gano cewa iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5 ° C zai buƙaci sauye-sauye mai sauri, mai nisa da kuma sauye-sauyen da ba a taɓa gani ba a kowane bangare na al'umma. Tare da fa'idar fa'ida ga mutane da yanayin halittu, rahoton ya gano cewa iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 2 ° C na iya tafiya kafada da kafada tare da tabbatar da al'umma mai dorewa da adalci. Yayin da kididdigar da aka yi a baya ta mayar da hankali kan kimanta lalacewar idan matsakaicin yanayin zafi zai tashi da 2 ° C, wannan rahoto ya nuna cewa yawancin mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi zai zo a alamar 1.5 ° C.
Rahoton ya kuma yi nuni da tasirin sauyin yanayi da dama da za a iya kaucewa ta hanyar takaita dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5ºC idan aka kwatanta da 2ºC, ko fiye. Misali, nan da 2100, hawan tekun duniya zai ragu da 10 cm tare da dumamar yanayi na 1.5 ° C idan aka kwatanta da 2 ° C. Yiwuwar Tekun Arctic maras kankara a lokacin rani zai kasance sau ɗaya a cikin ƙarni tare da ɗumamar 1.5 ° C, idan aka kwatanta da akalla sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru goma tare da 2 ° C. Coral reefs zai ragu da kashi 70-90 tare da dumamar yanayi na 1.5°C, yayin da kusan duka (> kashi 99) za su yi asara da 2ºC.
Rahoton ya gano cewa iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5 ° C zai buƙaci "sauri da nisa" a cikin ƙasa, makamashi, masana'antu, gine-gine, sufuri, da birane. Fitar da iskar carbon dioxide (CO2) da ɗan adam ke haifarwa na duniya zai buƙaci faɗuwa da kusan kashi 45 cikin ɗari daga matakan 2010 nan da 2030, ya kai 'net zero' a kusa da 2050. iska.
Kayan aikin doka na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin yanayi
Iyalin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya su ne kan gaba a kokarin ceto duniyarmu. A cikin 1992, "Taron Duniya" ya samar da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFCCC) a matsayin matakin farko na magance matsalar sauyin yanayi. A yau, tana da mambobi na kusa-duniya. Kasashe 197 da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar suna cikin kasashen da ke cikin yarjejeniyar. Babban manufar Yarjejeniyar ita ce hana tsoma baki "mai haɗari" ɗan adam ga tsarin yanayi.
Yarjejeniyar Kyoto
A shekara ta 1995, kasashe sun kaddamar da shawarwari don karfafa martanin duniya game da sauyin yanayi, kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka, sun amince da yarjejeniyar. Yarjejeniyar Kyoto. Yarjejeniyar Kyoto bisa doka ta ɗaure ɓangarorin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da nufin rage fitar da hayaki. Wa'adin farko na yarjejeniya ya fara ne a cikin 2008 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2012. Lokacin alkawari na biyu ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2013 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2020. Yanzu akwai ƙungiyoyi 198 ga Yarjejeniyar da 192 Parties zuwa ga Yarjejeniyar. Yarjejeniyar Kyoto
Paris Yarjejeniyar
