Muna gabatar muku da kalmar pyrolysis da yadda tsarin ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam da yanayi.
Taya pyrolysis tsari ne da ke amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa da rashin iskar oxygen don karya tayoyin zuwa carbon, ruwa da kayan gas. Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar da wannan tsari a cikin na'urori na musamman da ake kira pyrolysis shuke-shuke.
Babban ra'ayin taya pyrolysis shine canza kayan roba zuwa kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, kamar carbon, man fetur (mai pyrolytic) da gas.
Babu wani yanayi da ya kamata a bude shukar pyrolysis a cikin iyakokin birni. Tushen pyrolysis na taya zai haifar da lahani ga lafiyar mutane. Hadarin da ke tattare da shi ba kadan ba ne, kuma duk wani abu da ke kawo hadari ga lafiyar jama’a a cikin gari, caca ce da bai kamata mu dauka ba. Haɗarin ya fito ne daga hayaƙi daga shigarwa kuma manyan haɗari biyu ne - ga lafiyar mutane da yanayin muhalli.
MASU CUTAR DA CUTARWA A LOKACIN DA AKE YIWA TAYA
Bari mu ga abin da suke da kuma yadda suke tasiri.
Abubuwan da ake fitar da iskar gas daga shukar pyrolysis na taya sune:
CH₄ - Methane
C₂H₄ - Ethylene
• C₂H₆ - Ethane
C₃H₈ - propane
CO – Carbon monoxide (Carbon Monoxide)
CO₂ - Carbon dioxide (Carbon Dioxide)
H₂S – Hydrogen Sulfide
Source - https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/can_the_exhaust_gas_from_waste_tire_pyrolysis_plant_be_recycled_1555.html#
An dawo da abubuwa 1-4 don ƙonawa a cikin reactor, suna haɓaka aikin pyrolysis.
Duk da haka, H₂, CO, da CO₂ - hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, da carbon dioxide ba sa ƙone kuma an sake su cikin yanayi.
ILLAR CUTAR CUTAR DAN ADAM
Ga yadda suke tasiri:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Kawai 1% na sulfur taya yana samuwa a cikin ruwa na pyrolysis, sauran kuma an sake shi cikin yanayi kamar hydrogen sulfide.
Source - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237000000917
Hydrogen sulfide yana daya daga cikin sanannun iskar gas masu guba ga lafiyar dan adam. Gas ne mai tsananin sauri, mai guba, marar launi tare da ƙamshin ruɓaɓɓen qwai. A ƙananan matakan, hydrogen sulfide yana haifar da ido, hanci, da kuma makogwaro. Matsakaicin matakan zai iya haifar da ciwon kai, tashin hankali, tashin zuciya da amai, da kuma tari da wahalar numfashi. Matakan da suka fi girma na iya haifar da firgita, jijjiga, suma da mutuwa. Gabaɗaya, mafi tsananin bayyanar cututtuka, mafi tsanani bayyanar cututtuka.
Source – https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=385&toxid=67#:~:text=At%20low%20levels%2C%20hydrogen%20sulfide,convulsions%2C%20coma%2C %20and%20death.
Har ila yau, baya ga lafiyar ɗan adam, yana kuma shafar muhalli. Hydrogen sulfide, shiga cikin yanayi, da sauri ya juya zuwa sulfuric acid (H2SO4), wanda hakan ya haifar da ruwan sama na acid.
Source- http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~qq002439/aferraro_sulphcycle.pdf
Ba sai an fada ba, bai kamata mu dauki wani matakin da ta kowace hanya ke kara yawan iskar gas din nan kusa da inda muke zaune ba.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide wani iskar gas ne da ba ma so kwata-kwata a gidajenmu.
Yana shafar lafiya ta hanyar halayensa tare da haemoglobin a cikin jini. Haemoglobin shine fili wanda ke ba da sel oxygen. Dangantakar haemoglobin ya fi sau 200 mafi girma ga CO fiye da oxygen, don haka ya maye gurbin oxygen a cikin jinin da ya riga ya kasance a ƙananan ƙididdiga, yadda ya kamata ya haifar da shaƙewa a matakin salula.
Illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar ɗan adam sun bambanta. A lokacin da ake yawan fallasa, wannan iskar gas na iya haifar da shanyewar jiki, asarar sani da mutuwar sassan kwakwalwa da kuma mutum da kansa. A ƙananan filaye, akwai ƙananan tasirin ɗabi'a, misali rashin ilmantarwa, raguwar faɗakarwa, gazawar ayyuka masu rikitarwa, ƙara lokacin amsawa. Waɗannan alamomin kuma suna faruwa a matakan da suka dace a cikin daidaitaccen muhallin birni kusa da mahadar mutane. Hakanan ana lura da wasu tasirin akan tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide, baya ga kasancewar iskar gas, wani iskar gas ne wanda kuma yana da haɗarin lafiya da yawa a cikin adadi mai yawa.
Source - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0323-1
Tã karafa
Pyrolysis a yanayin zafi sama da 700 ° C yana canza karafa masu nauyi kamar Pb da Cd (lead da cadmium) daga ruwa zuwa yanayin gaseous.
Source – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831513/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20Cd,heavy%20metals%20Cd%20and%20Pb.
An rubuta cutar da su ga jikin ɗan adam shekaru da yawa kuma a bayyane yake ga kimiyya.
gubar
Guba gubar na iya haifar da matsalolin haifuwa ga maza da mata, hawan jini, cutar koda, matsalolin narkewar abinci, rikicewar jijiya, matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa da natsuwa, raguwar IQ gabaɗaya, da tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa. Akwai kuma shaidar da ke nuna cewa kamuwa da gubar na iya haifar da ciwon daji ga manya.
Source – https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/lead-and-health#:~:text=Lead%20poisoning%20can%20cause%20reproductive,result%20in%20cancer%20in%20adults.
Cadmium
Cadmium yana haifar da lalatawa da raunana kashi, yana rage aikin huhu kuma yana iya haifar da ciwon huhu.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106447/#:~:text=Cd%20can%20also%20cause%20bone,the%20risk%20of%20lung%20cancer.
Daga cikin shida mafi mahimmancin gurɓataccen muhalli, pyrolysis na taya yana samar da 4 daga cikinsu. Su ne gubar, carbon monoxide, ƙurar ƙura mai kyau, da hydrogen sulfide. Ba a samar da ozone da nitrogen dioxide kawai.
Source - https://www.in.gov/idem/files/factsheet_oaq_criteria_pb.pdf
KAMMALAWA
Pyrolysis tsari ne mai haɗari wanda bai kamata a bar shi kusa da wuraren zama ba. Ana iya samun labarai da yawa a intanet suna kwatanta wannan tsari a matsayin ‘marasa lahani da kuma kare muhalli’, amma dukkansu kamfanonin da ke sayar da kayan da kansu ne suka rubuta su. An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin mafi kyawun zaɓi, maimakon kona tayoyin a fili. Wannan kwatancen mara hankali ne, saboda akwai ƙarin hanyoyin da za a sake amfani da tayoyi masu dorewa. Alal misali, yanke su da amfani da su a matsayin fili a cikin birane (na filin wasa, a wuraren shakatawa, da dai sauransu), da kuma za a iya ƙara su zuwa kwalta.
Pyrolysis a fili yana haifar da hayaki wanda ke haifar da cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Duk yadda aka rage tasirinsa, a kowane hali bai kamata a bari a yi shi a kusa da wuraren zama ba, balle a tsakiyar birnin, ana bin tsarin kasashe masu gurbatar yanayi kamar Indiya da Pakistan.
