Wani sabon rahoto na duniya da hukumar kula da yanayi ta duniya WMO, wata hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta buga a ranar Talata, ya nuna cewa an sake karya tarihi na yawan iskar iskar gas, yanayin zafi, zafin teku da rarrabuwar acid, hawan teku, rufe kankara da kuma koma bayan dusar kankara. .
Guguwar zafi, ambaliya, fari, gobarar daji da kuma guguwa mai zafi da ke kara ta'azzara cikin sauri sun haifar da zullumi da tashin hankali, wanda ya haifar da rayuwar yau da kullum ga miliyoyin mutane tare da yin asarar biliyoyin daloli na tattalin arziki, a cewar kungiyar. WMO Rahoton yanayi na Duniya na 2023.
"Sirens suna haskakawa a duk manyan alamu… Wasu bayanan ba kawai ginshiƙi ba ne, suna yin ginshiƙi. Kuma sauye-sauye na kara tabarbarewa,” in ji MDD Sakatare-Janar António Guterres a cikin sakon bidiyo na kaddamarwa.
Jan faɗakarwa
Dangane da bayanai daga hukumomi da yawa, binciken ya tabbatar da cewa 2023 ita ce shekarar da ta fi zafi da aka yi rikodin, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayi na kusa da saman duniya a 1.45 ° C sama da tushen masana'antu. Ya lashe mafi kyawun lokacin shekaru goma akan rikodin.
“Ilimin kimiyya game da canjin yanayi ya wanzu fiye da shekaru hamsin, amma duk da haka mun rasa dukan tsara na dama” Sakatare-Janar na WMO Celeste Saulo ta ce yayin gabatar da rahoton ga manema labarai a Geneva. Ta bukaci mayar da martanin sauyin yanayi ya kasance karkashin "jin dadin al'ummomi masu zuwa, amma ba bukatun tattalin arziki na gajeren lokaci ba".
"A matsayina na Sakatare-Janar na Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya, yanzu ina kara jan kunne game da yanayin yanayin duniya," in ji ta.
Duniya cikin rudani
Koyaya, sauyin yanayi ya fi yawan zafin iska, masana WMO sun bayyana. Dumi-dumin teku da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, da hawan dutse, ja da baya da kankara da asarar kankarar tekun Antarctic, su ma wani bangare ne na mugun hoton.
A matsakaicin rana a cikin 2023, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yanayin tekun ya mamaye ta sakamakon tsananin zafin ruwa, yana cutar da muhimman halittu da tsarin abinci, in ji rahoton.
Gilashin da aka gani sun yi asarar ƙanƙara mafi girma a rikodin rikodi - tun 1950 - tare da matsanancin narkewa a duka yammacin Arewacin Amurka da Turai, bisa ga bayanan farko.
Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara mai tsayi sun sami matsanancin lokacin narkewa, alal misali, tare da waɗanda ke ciki Switzerland ta yi asarar kusan kashi 10 na ragowar adadin su a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.
Asarar kankarar tekun Antarctic ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta da aka yi rikodinta - a murabba'in kilomita miliyan ɗaya ƙasa da shekarar da ta gabata. daidai da girman Faransa da Jamus a hade.
Abubuwan da aka lura na manyan iskar gas guda uku - carbon dioxide, methane, da nitrous oxide - sun kai matakan rikodin a cikin 2022 kuma sun ci gaba da karuwa a cikin 2023, bayanan farko sun nuna.
Sakamakon duniya
A cewar rahoton, yanayi da matsananciyar yanayi ko dai tushen dalili ne ko kuma munanan abubuwan da suka haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a shekarar 2023, karancin abinci, asarar rayayyun halittu, batutuwan lafiya da sauransu.
Rahoton, alal misali, ya kawo alkaluman cewa adadin mutanen da ke fama da matsalar karancin abinci a duniya ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu. daga miliyan 149 kafin Covid-19 annoba zuwa miliyan 333 a cikin 2023 a cikin kasashe 78 Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WHO)WFP).
“Rikicin yanayi shine ƙalubale mai ma'ana da dan Adam ke fuskanta. Yana da alaƙa da rikicin rashin daidaito – kamar yadda aka shaida ta hanyar karuwar rashin abinci da ƙauracewa jama’a, da asarar rayayyun halittu,” in ji Ms. Saulo.
Kyakkyawan bege
Rahoton WMO ba wai yana ƙara ƙararrawa bane kawai amma yana ba da dalilai na kyakkyawan fata. A cikin 2023, ƙarin ƙarfin sabuntawa ya haɓaka da kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari, jimlar gigawatts 510 (GW) - mafi girman adadin da aka gani cikin shekaru ashirin.
Yunƙurin samar da makamashin da ake sabuntawa, wanda da farko ke haifar da hasken rana, iska, da zagayowar ruwa, ya sanya shi a matsayin babban ƙarfi a ayyukan sauyin yanayi don cimma burin lalata.
Ingantattun tsarin gargaɗin farko na haɗarin haɗari da yawa suna da mahimmanci don rage tasirin bala'o'i. The Gargaɗi na Farko ga Duka yunƙurin na nufin tabbatar da kariya ta duniya ta hanyar tsarin gargaɗin farko nan da shekarar 2027.
Tun lokacin da aka amince da Shirin Aika na Sendai don Rawanin Haɗarin Rashin Cutar, an sami karuwar haɓakawa da aiwatar da dabarun rage haɗarin bala'i na gida.
Daga 2021 zuwa 2022, kuɗin da ke da alaƙa da yanayin duniya ya ninka kusan ninki biyu idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2019-2020, ya kai kusan dala tiriliyan 1.3.
Duk da haka, wannan ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na GDP na duniya, wanda ke nuna babban gibin kuɗi. Don cimma manufofin hanyar 1.5°C, dole ne zuba jarin kuɗin sauyin yanayi ya ƙaru fiye da ninki shida, wanda zai kai kusan dala tiriliyan 9 nan da 2030, tare da ƙarin dala tiriliyan 10 da ake buƙata nan da shekarar 2050.
Kudin rashin aiki
Rahoton ya yi gargadin cewa farashin rashin aiki yana da yawa. Tsakanin 2025 da 2100, shi na iya kaiwa dala tiriliyan 1,266, wakiltar bambancin asara tsakanin yanayin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba da kuma hanyar 1.5 ° C. Lura da cewa, wannan adadi na iya zama rashin kima, masana yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi kira da a dauki matakin sauyin yanayi cikin gaggawa.
An kaddamar da rahoton ne gabanin taron ministocin yanayi na Copenhagen, inda shugabannin sauyin yanayi da ministocin kasashen duniya za su hallara a karon farko tun daga lokacin. COP28 a Dubai don matsawa don hanzarta aiwatar da ayyukan sauyin yanayi, gami da ba da wata babbar yarjejeniya kan bayar da kuɗi a COP29 a Baku daga baya a wannan shekara - don mayar da tsare-tsaren ƙasa zuwa aiki.
