Kumwa madzi kumakhala koopsa
Tsoka lachilengedwe likuwopseza osati Crimea yokha, komanso gawo lonse la Donbass; gawo la chapakati-kum'maŵa kwa Ukraine angakhalenso pangozi m'tsogolo. Koma ngati mu nkhani ya wotanganidwa peninsula mavuto okhudzana ndi kusowa kwa madzi akumwa, ndiye pali madzi Donbass. Kungogwiritsa ntchito posachedwa kumakhala kowopsa ku thanzi, malinga ndi OBOZREVATEL.
Mfundo ndi yakuti anasiyidwa osati mothballed migodi ya nkhondo Donbass wodzazidwa ndi poizoni mobisa madzi. Kubwerera mu February, OSCE idawona kuti migodi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zinyalala zowopsa imakhala yowopsa kwambiri ku chilengedwe. Awa ndi "Alexander-Zapad" ku Gorlovka, "Young Communards" ku Bunga, osefukira ndi oposa 60%. Onse pamodzi, migodi 39 inasefukira. Ambiri a iwo sanachite mantha ndi zigawenga.
Ngakhale wailesi yakanema yaku America NBC News posachedwapa inanena za vuto la kawopsedwe m'madzi apansi panthaka. Madzi odzaza ndi zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni amawopseza kuwononga osati madzi akumwa a mitsinje ndi zitsime, komanso nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosayenera ulimi. Kuonjezera apo, methane - mpweya woopsa wochokera ku migodi - umakankhidwira pamwamba, yomwe ili ndi zivomezi ndi kuphulika.
Akatswiri omwe anafunsidwa ndi NBC News adatsimikizira kuti Donbass anali pafupi ndi tsoka lachilengedwe.
Kuipitsa makamaka kumachokera ku Gorlovka, Gorlovka chemical plant, anati wofufuza wamkulu wa Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dokotala wa Technical Sciences Yevgeny Yakovlev. Malinga ndi iye, tikhoza kulankhula bwinobwino za vuto madzi-zachilengedwe. Kupatula apo, zomwe zimaperekedwa kuchokera kumadera akumaloko ndi zamadzimadzi chabe, mtundu wake monga madzi akumwa ndi wokayikitsa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, kukwera kwa madzi apansi kungayambitse zivomezi zomwe zingatheke.
Derali lili pafupi ndi tsoka, Mikhail Yatsyuk, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, nayenso anavomera. Malinga ndi iye, migodi yonse iyenera kukhala pamalo owuma, osanyowa. Komanso, m'pofunika nthawi zonse kupopera madzi, amene palibe amene akuchita mu wotanganidwa Donbass tsopano.
Panthawiyi, madzi amayamba kuyanjana ndi miyala, makamaka m'migodi yakuya, ndikupanga madzi abwino. Kenako, ikukwera pamwamba, imayamba kuyanjana ndi madzi apansi, omwe ndi aquifers. Choncho, madzi akumwa ndi oipitsidwa.
Malinga ndi Mikhail Yatsyuk, pali kuopsa kwa madzi oipitsidwa ndi zitsulo zowopsa osati za Donets za Seversky zokha, komanso ku beseni la mtsinje waukulu wa Ukraine - Dnieper. Kupatula apo, mbali ya milatho yomwe imapanga Samara imayenda mu Dnieper, ndipo magwero awo ali mu Donbass.
Ukraine akupikisana pa malo oyamba mu Europe mu kuipitsa mpweya kuchokera ku mphamvu ya malasha
Ukraine imapanga 72% ya mpweya wa phulusa la ntchentche ku Ulaya, 27% sulfure dioxide ndi 16% nitrogen oxides
Ziwerengero za kuwonongeka kwa mpweya zochokera ku mphamvu ya malasha zimasonyeza zopereka za mayiko ochepa a ku Ulaya. Ukraine, Turkey ndi Western Balkans adakhala pamwamba pa mitundu yonse ya zoipitsa, pomwe mayiko a EU monga Germany ndi Poland alinso m'gulu loyipa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa NOx.
Malasha akatenthedwa kuti apange magetsi, zowononga zimatulutsidwa mumpweya zomwe zimawopseza thanzi la anthu ndikupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azifa msanga. Popeza kuti zowononga nthawi zina zimayenda makilomita masauzande ambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kuchokera ku mphamvu ya malasha kumakhala vuto ku Ulaya konse, mosasamala kanthu za kumene amachokera.
Izi zanenedwa mu kafukufuku watsopano wopangidwa ndi bungwe la International think tank EMBER.
Turkey ndi Ukraine ali m'gulu la mayiko atatu oipitsa mpweya wamitundu yonse. Mpweya wa SO2 wochokera ku zomera khumi zapamwamba umapanga 44% ya mpweya wonse wa SO2 wochokera ku mphamvu zoyaka malasha ku Ulaya. Miyezo khumi yapamwamba ya SO2 ikuphatikiza mafakitale atatu opangira malasha ochokera ku Turkey ndi Serbia, awiri ochokera ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, ndi imodzi kuchokera ku Ukraine ndi North Macedonia. Zowonongeka zambiri za PM10 zochokera ku mphamvu ya malasha zimachokera ku mafakitale amagetsi ku Ukraine, asanu ndi atatu mwa omwe ali m'gulu la zomera khumi zomwe zimaipitsa kwambiri PM10.
Kuipitsa mpweya ndi chisakanizo cha tinthu ta mpweya ndi zolimba zomwe zimawopseza thanzi la munthu ndikupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azifa msanga. Zowononga zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga kuchokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana; kuphatikizirapo gawo la mphamvu, kupanga, zoyendera ndi ulimi. Zowononga zimaphatikizapo zinthu (PM), sulfure dioxide (SO2) ndi nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Pankhani ya mpweya wa PM10 wochokera ku mafakitale opangira malasha, Ukraine ndiye mtsogoleri pamlingo waukulu. Magwero aakulu a SO2 kuipitsa mphamvu malasha ku Ulaya ndi Ukraine (27%), Turkey (24%), Serbia (15%) ndi Bosnia ndi Herzegovina (11%). Turkey ndiyenso mtsogoleri wokhala ndi gawo la 20% la mpweya wa NOx kuchokera ku mphamvu ya malasha, kutsatiridwa ndi Germany (16%), Ukraine (16%) ndi Poland (14%).
Zomera zisanu ndi zinayi zaku Ukraine zikuphatikizidwa m'magawo makumi atatu apamwamba a NOx. Pa makumi atatu apamwamba, Turkey ndi Germany zili ndi mafakitale asanu ndi limodzi, atatu aku Poland ndi awiri aku Serbia ndi Kosovo.
Mafakitale asanu ndi atatu ochokera ku Ukraine alipo mumitundu yonse makumi atatu: Kurakhovskaya, Burshtynskaya, Tripolskaya, Luganskaya, Uglegorskaya, Slavyanskaya, Ladyzhinskaya ndi Zaporozhskaya.
