Kuphunzitsa kogwira mtima kwa zipembedzo zophatikizana kungathandize kuti mapologalamu akhale abwino, makamaka kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi kumvetsetsa kofanana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimazika mizu m'mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha komweko. Choyenera ndikulimbikitsa ndikukulitsa kukhazikika kosatha kwa zikhalidwe zachitukuko ndi chidziwitso ndi maubale omwe atha kupititsa patsogolo kuphunzira ndi kulumikizana kwa moyo wonse pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Palibe mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wokhudza ngati ndi momwe mungaphatikizire njira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mapulogalamu a maphunziro, kuphatikizapo maphunziro apamwamba ndi zochitika zakunja. Zowonadi, mutuwu umatsutsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, makamaka pomwe mabungwe azipembedzo amawakayikira. Motero n’zosadabwitsa kuti kusamalidwa mwadongosolo kwa mitu ya zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana m’maphunziro a dziko lonse kumayambira pa nil (palibe chochita chilichonse) mpaka m’maphunziro ndi mfundo zoyambira zamaphunziro zimene zimaloŵetsedwa m’ziphunzitso za miyambo inayake yachipembedzo. Zitsanzo za kuchita bwino ndizosowa, ngakhale kuyesayesa kopanga m'malo angapo kumapereka luntha ndi lonjezo.
Mafunso oyambira apa ndiakuti chifukwa chiyani, kaya, komanso momwe njira yophatikizira yokhazikika pa mbiri yachipembedzo ndi zoyambira zake zingalemeretse maphunziro onse. Kodi, mwachitsanzo, angalimbikitse chitukuko ndi njira zokhazikitsa mtendere?
Chifukwa Chake: Chifukwa chachikulu chimene chimachititsa kuti anthu azikhulupirira zinthu zosiyanasiyana n’cholinga choti athandize anthu kuthetsa mikangano imene ingakhale ikuipiraipira kapena chifukwa cha kusiyana zipembedzo. Kudziwa za zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana kungapewetse mikangano yomwe ingayambitse mikangano ndi ziwawa komanso mikangano ya ndale yomwe imalepheretsa kuyesetsa kukhazikitsa madera otukuka. Chidziwitso ndi luso lomwe maphunziro a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana akufuna kukulitsa amatha kukonzekeretsa achinyamata kulimbana ndi dziko lomwe likusintha mwachangu, losiyana, komanso lolumikizana, m'madera awo komanso m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Kaya: Zikumveka bwino kuti ngakhale kuti magulu achipembedzo ndi zikhulupiriro zimachepa kwambiri m'madera ena, m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu, okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zachuma, ndale, ndi chikhalidwe. Popeza kuti anthu ambiri akuchulukirachulukira, nzika zikuyenera kuphunzira kukhalira limodzi ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Maphunziro ogwira mtima komanso ophatikizana bwino a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana atha kupereka chidziwitso chatanthauzo chokhudza madera osiyanasiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo ndikupewa mawonekedwe aliwonse ofuna kutembenuka kapena china chake chomwe chikuyandikira kuphunzitsidwa.
Ndipo Motani: Kutenga nawo mbali kwa aphunzitsi ndi anthu popanga maphunziro ndi maphunziro kungathe kulemeretsa mapulogalamu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, kuphatikizapo mikangano yoyambira, machitidwe a tsankho, ndi zokumbukira zakale zomwe zimawonetsedwa m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphunzitsa kogwira mtima kwa zipembedzo zophatikizana kungathandize kuti mapologalamu akhale abwino, makamaka kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi kumvetsetsa kofanana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimazika mizu m'mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha komweko. Choyenera ndikulimbikitsa ndikukulitsa kukhazikika kosatha kwa zikhalidwe zachitukuko ndi chidziwitso ndi maubale omwe atha kupititsa patsogolo kuphunzira ndi kulumikizana kwa moyo wonse pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zolinga zitatu zokulirapo (3 C's) zitha kuphatikizidwa pazowunikira ndi kapangidwe. Maphunziro a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana angathandize ophunzira kulingalira za kampasi ya makhalidwe abwino ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu monga ophunzira ndi nzika, kugwirizanitsa ziphunzitso za makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe omwe anthu amagawana nawo. Maphunziro a zamakhalidwe abwino amathanso kumangirira ndi kukulitsa chidwi komanso kumasuka pophunzira za njira zina zofikira pamavuto ndi zowunikira moyo. Ndipo chifundo kwa ena, chotsutsana ndi mphwayi ndi chidani, ndi zotsatira zabwino za kugwira ntchito mwadongosolo kuti mudziwe ndi kudziwa ena.
Maboma ndi aphunzitsi ambiri akuyenera kukhutitsidwa kuti maphunziro a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana komanso maphunziro ozikidwa pazikhalidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Amafunikanso umboni wa momwe izi zingakhalire zothandiza, njira yodziwika bwino, osati yowonjezera yowonjezera. Izi zimafuna zonse ziwiri chifuniro cha ndale ndi umboni wamphamvu. Vuto la COVID-19 liyenera kulimbikitsa onse awiri, ndikupereka zitsanzo zomveka bwino kuti kusagwirizana ndi kusakhulupirirana ndizowononga, pomwe magulu ogwirizana amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pamene mikangano ikupitirira za momwe "mungabwezeretsere chilungamo", kulemba zochitika zopambana ndikuwunikira zomwe zimafunika kuti kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa anthu kuyenera kutsindika chifukwa chake kuphatikiza njira zogwirira ntchito pazikhalidwe zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa kwa anthu ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za maphunziro.
Bungwe la Ethics Education Initiative limalimbikitsa malo ndi mwayi wolimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino kwa ana ndi achinyamata malinga ndi ufulu wa Mwana wophunzira monga momwe UN Convention of the Rights of the Child inafotokozera. Imagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yophunzirira zikhulupiriro ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mu pulogalamu yamaphunziro yotengera phindu komanso yabwino kwa ana ndi achinyamata.
Cholinga cha Ethics Education Initiative ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino kuti apatse mphamvu ana kuti apange dziko lachilungamo, mtendere ndi ulemu. Limalingalira za dziko limene ana adzakhala okonzeka kupanga zosankha za makhalidwe abwino, kukulitsa moyo wawo wauzimu ndi kusintha madera awo pamodzi, mogwirizana ndi mfundo zimene zimalimbikitsa kulemekeza zikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro za iwo eni ndi ena.
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Chithunzi: Ms. Katherine Marshall - Senior Fellow, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs, ndi Pulofesa wa Practice of Development, Conflict, and Religion, Georgetown University. Alinso m'gulu la Arigatou International Advisory Group.
