Zaka zoposa makumi awiri zapitazo, bungwe la European Union linadzipereka kuti liteteze kufanana kwa ogwira ntchito potsatira Directive 2000/78 ya 27 November 2000, yomwe imaletsa tsankho lachindunji kapena lachindunji pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo chipembedzo. Komabe, ndi bwino kumveketsa bwino kuti tsankho lachindunji ndi lopanda tsankho komanso lofala - kuthamangitsa munthu chifukwa cha mtundu wake, chipembedzo chake, kapena chikhulupiriro chake, ndi zina zotero. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, tsankho lachindunji limakhala losaonekera kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi momwe antchito ena amavutikira pamene bizinesi yovomerezeka imaperekedwa. amawaononga chifukwa cha chipembedzo chawo kapena chikhalidwe china chilichonse.
Khothi Lachilungamo la European Union lagamula posachedwa chigamulo cha Wabe & MH Müller Handels cha 15 Julayi 2021 pa tsankho lachipembedzo kwa ogwira ntchito, ndikukhazikitsa chiphunzitso chotsutsana. Kumbali ina, zimapanga chitetezo chokulirapo ku mikhalidwe ya tsankho lachindunji. Komabe, kumbali ina, imasonyeza kukayikira kwina ponena za kukhalapo kwa chipembedzo kuntchito.
Khotilo linali litazindikira kale mu chigamulo cha Achbita (2017) kuti makampani ali ndi ufulu wotsatira malamulo osalowerera ndale ngakhale atakhala kuti amasala antchito ena chifukwa cha chipembedzo powalepheretsa kukwaniritsa maudindo ena monga kuvala zovala zachipembedzo. Komabe, Khotilo linamvetsetsa kuti omwe akukhudzidwawo ayenera kusiya ntchito pamene ndondomeko yosalowerera ndale ikuyankha zofuna zamalonda zovomerezeka ndipo ndizoyenera komanso zofunikira (ie, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse), zimakhudza mitundu yonse ya maonekedwe - ndale, malingaliro, chipembedzo, etc. - ndipo si mopambanitsa kukwaniritsa zolinga zake.
Chigamulo cha Wabe chikulimbitsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito powonjezera kuti sikokwanira kuti olemba ntchito azinena kuti pali mfundo yosalowerera ndale yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu azisankhana chifukwa cha chipembedzo, koma ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ndondomeko yotereyi ikugwirizana ndi bizinesi. chosowa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati akufuna kuletsa zovala zachipembedzo, ayenera kutsimikizira kuti bizinesiyo ikhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri.
Mfundo yachiwiri ndi yakuti Khotilo limalola mayiko omwe ali m'bungweli kuti awonjezere chitetezo cha Directive kutsankho lachindunji potsatira malamulo adziko lawo laufulu wachipembedzo pomwe ali ndi zopindulitsa zambiri. Mwa njira imeneyi, mayiko a EU amaloledwa kupempha owalemba ntchito kuti azichita zinthu mogwirizana ndi ufulu wachipembedzo wa anthu ogwira ntchito zawo, zomwe zimawalola kukwaniritsa udindo wawo wachipembedzo pokhapokha atawabweretsera mavuto.
Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, chigamulo cha Wabe n’chosemphana ndi mfundo yakuti, ngakhale kuti imathandizira kuti anthu azigwirizana m’zipembedzo za ogwira ntchito, ikuwononga zina mwa zitsimikizo zake.
Monga ndanenera pamwambapa, Directive imavomereza kuti nthawi zina, ogwira ntchito amayenera kusiya ntchito zawo kuti avutike ndi njira yovomerezeka yabizinesi bola ngati ikufanana, mwachitsanzo, sikuwavulaza kuposa momwe amafunikira.
Khotilo, kunyalanyaza lamuloli, likuwona kuti wogwira ntchitoyo, ngakhale akuwona kuti ndizokwanira kuti chifaniziro chake pagulu chiletse zizindikiro zazikulu ndi zowoneka bwino, akuyenera kuletsa onse (ngakhale ang'onoang'ono ndi anzeru), ngati ayi. kukanakhala kusankhana mwachindunji antchito amene ayenera kuvala zizindikiro zooneka.
Mtsutso uwu umatsutsana ndi chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa ku Achbita, chomwe chinalamula kuti, kuletsa kukhudza zizindikiro zachipembedzo, sikumayambitsa tsankho lachindunji pamene likugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda tsankho kwa ogwira ntchito onse, ndipo limakwirira chizindikiro chilichonse mosasamala kanthu za ndale, chipembedzo, kapena chikhalidwe china. . Kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwewo, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zowoneka bwino - zilizonse zomwe zili - sikungasankhe mwachindunji ogwira ntchito omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito, malinga ngati akugwira ntchito mosasintha kwa ogwira ntchito onse.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti, kwakukulukulu, Khotilo likusonyeza m’chigamulochi kusakhulupirirana kwina kwa chipembedzo kuntchito, m’chimene chikuwoneka ngati chikusonyeza kuti njira yabwino yopeŵera mikangano pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ndiyo kuthetsa kuwonekera kulikonse kwachipembedzo. Izi, komanso, kuwunika kolakwika pamalingaliro a ufulu wamabizinesi, malinga ndi momwe zilili ndi olemba anzawo ntchito okha kuti asankhe chithunzi cha bizinesi yawo yomwe akufuna kupanga ndikuchita mogwirizana, kutha kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yosalowerera ndale. kumveka ngati kusakhalapo kwa chipembedzo chilichonse kapena ngati chiwonetsero cha kusiyanasiyana, ndiko kuti, kuvomereza zowonetsera zonse popanda kukakamiza kapena kuletsa.
Mwachidule, chigamulochi chikusonyeza kuti, ngakhale kuti kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa, padakali njira yayitali yopangitsa kuti kufanana ndi ufulu wachipembedzo pa ntchito zikhale zenizeni ndi zogwira mtima m’kontinenti yakale.
Santiago Cañamares Pulofesa wa Chilamulo ndi Chipembedzo, University of Complutense (Spain)
