Zatsopano zokhudzana ndi masomphenya a udzudzu zingathandize kupewa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo todziwika bwino toyambitsa matenda.
Asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Washington adachita kafukufuku watsopano. Zinapezeka kuti mitundu wamba ya udzudzu ikazindikira mpweya womwe timatulutsa (CO₂), imawulukira kumitundu ina. Amakopeka ndi zofiira, lalanje, zakuda ndi zabuluu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, udzudzu umanyalanyaza mitundu ina - yobiriwira, yofiirira, yabuluu ndi yoyera.
Ofufuzawo akukhulupirira kuti zotsatirazi za ntchito yatsopanoyi zithandiza kufotokoza momwe udzudzu umazindikirira anthu. Tizilombo timeneti timawoneka ngati "tikuwona" khungu la munthu, ngakhale lili ndi mtundu, ngati chinthu chofiira-lalanje.
"Udzudzu umawoneka kuti umagwiritsa ntchito fungo kusiyanitsa zinthu zomwe zili pafupi," akufotokoza motero Jeffrey Riffell, pulofesa wa biology pa yunivesite ya Washington. - Tizilombo timanunkhiza zinthu zina monga CO₂ kuchokera mu mpweya wathu. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti maso awo ayang’anenso kuti aone mitundu ina yake ndi zinthu zina zooneka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi munthu amene angawalandire ndi kuyang’ana kwa iwo.”
Zotsatira, zofalitsidwa Feb. 4 mu Nature Communications, zikuwonetsa momwe fungo la udzudzu limakhudzira momwe udzudzu umayankhira pazowoneka. Kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe imakopa udzudzu wanjala komanso womwe sungathe kumathandizira kupanga zida zothamangitsa tizilombo, misampha, ndi njira zina zothamangitsira tizilombo. Udzudzu umadziwika kuti uli ndi kachilombo ka West Nile, Zika virus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa malungo.
Poyambirira gulu la ofufuza (Joop JA van Loon, Renate C. Smallegange, Gabriella Bukovinszkiné-Kiss, Frans Jacobs, Marjolein De Rijk, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Niels O. Verhulst, David J. Menger, ndi Willem Takken) adayesedwanso Udindo wa carbon dioxide pokopa udzudzu wa malungo wa ku Africa An. coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson sp. n. (wotchedwanso An. gambiae sensu stricto molecular 'M-form'; Coetzee et al. 2013) kusakaniza fungo lopangidwa ndi C4-compounds, zomwe zanenedwa kale kuti ndi zokongola kapena zolepheretsa popanda carbon dioxide. Udzudzu wa Anopheline umadyetsa anthu monga momwe magazi amakhalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo. Vector-host contact imatheka kudzera mu chemoreception of volative cues zotulutsidwa ndi blood host (Zwiebel and Takken 2004). Zowonongeka zamagulu zimazindikiridwa ndi ziwalo zomwe zimakhala pamutu wa udzudzu, makamaka tinyanga ndi maxillary palps (Qiu ndi Van Loon 2010). M'zaka zaposachedwa, mamolekyu okhudza kununkhira kwa udzudzu adziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ma jini amtundu wa olfactory receptor (OR) omwe amazindikira zomwe zimachitika (Carey et al. 2010; Liu et al. 2010). Kumanga kwa mamolekyu omwe amachokera ku ma ORs kumayambitsa kusinthika kwa siginecha mu olfactory receptor neurons, komwe kumatulutsa zochitika za electrophysiological ku lobe yamafuta muubongo pamapeto pake zimatsogolera kuyankha kwamakhalidwe (Qiu ndi Van Loon 2010). Posachedwapa, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakuzindikiritsa kuchuluka kwa zonunkhiritsa izi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zosakaniza za fungo zomwe zimakopa ngati munthu wochereza (Menger et al. 2014; Mukabana et al. 2012; Okumu et al. 2010) ). Zophatikizika izi zidapangidwa panthawi yobwerezabwereza yokhudzana ndi mamolekyu, thupi, ndi machitidwe pa udzudzu wa anopheline mu vitro ndi mu vivo (Carey et al. 2010; Carlson ndi Carey 2011; Qiu et al. 2011; Rinker et al. 2012; Smallengange; 2010) ndi al. 2012, XNUMX).
M’kafukufuku wapano, tawonanso ntchito ya carbon dioxide pokopa udzudzu wa malungo wa ku Africa wotchedwa An. coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson sp. n. (otchulidwa dzina kuchokera ku An. gambiae sensu stricto molecular 'M-form'; Coetzee et al. 2013) ku zosakaniza za fungo zopangidwa ndi C4-compounds, zomwe zanenedwa kale kuti ndizokongola kapena zolepheretsa pakalibe mpweya woipa (Smallegange et al. . 2012; Verhulst et al. 2011a). Izi zidatipangitsa kuti tiwonjezere kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zitatu za ammonia, lactic acid, ndi tetradecanoic acid zomwe tidanenapo kale ngati kuphatikiza kothandiza kwa kairomone kutsanzira kukopa kwa anthu (Smallegange et al. 2009, 2012) ndi butan-1-amine ndi 3-methyl-1-butanol, yowonongeka yopangidwa ndi microbiota pakhungu la munthu (Verhulst et al. 2009, 2011a).
Gwero: van Loon, Joop JA et al. "Kukopa Udzudzu: Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Carbon Dioxide Pakupanga Gulu la Zigawo Zisanu Zosakanikirana Zopangidwa ndi Anthu." Journal of Chemical Ecology vol. 41,6 (2015): 567-73. doi:10.1007/s10886-015-0587-5
