Ku Japan, galimoto yowuluka ya SD-03 SkyDrive eVTOL yapatsidwa satifiketi yachitetezo koyamba. Pofika 2025, imatha kugwira ntchito mdziko muno ngati taxi. "Hi-tech" imatiuza zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana chitetezo cha galimoto yowuluka ndi chifukwa chake pali mavuto ndi izi.
Magalimoto owuluka, ma taxi a ndege ndi eVTOL, mutha kusokonezeka ngakhale m'mayina amayendedwe apamtunda ofanana. Ikupangidwa ndi zimphona za IT ndi mainjiniya amateur mu garaja yawo - onse ali ndi ufulu kutero, chifukwa palibe malamulo a certification ofanana.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chimatengedwa ngati galimoto yowuluka?
Pakadali pano, palibe tanthauzo lokhazikika, koma nthawi zambiri lingaliro ili limaphatikizidwa muzoyendera za eVTOL kapena kunyamuka kwamagetsi kosunthika ndikutera - izi ndi ndege zonyamula zowongoka zamagetsi.
Helikopita siyikuphatikizidwa m'gululi. Zomangamanga zimathanso kukhala zilizonse, popeza mainjiniya akuyesabe kuchuluka kwa ma propellers ndi malo awo, komanso ma ergonomics ndi kuchuluka kwa okwera mnyumbamo.
Chifukwa chiyani mumalankhula padera za eVTOL ndi ma helikopita, kodi ndizosiyana kwenikweni?
Inde, pali kusiyana pakati pa helikopita ndi eVTOL. Mwachitsanzo, helikopita idapangidwa kuti izikhala mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali panthawi yowuluka. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muwonetsetse, kuchita ntchito yopulumutsa ndi kukhazikitsa pamalo okhazikika.
Oyandikana kwambiri ndi ma helikopita ndi ma multicopter, sangathe kukwera mtunda wautali, koma amawononga mphamvu kuti akonze malo awo mumlengalenga. Ndizotsika mtengonso kutsimikizira ndege ya helikopita chifukwa chosowa njira yovuta yosinthira pakati pa ndege yowongoka ndi yopingasa.
Zina mwazabwino zazikulu za eVTOL ndi kutulutsa kochepa komanso kutsika kwaphokoso.
Ndi magalimoto ati owuluka omwe amatengedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka ndipo pali mfundo zachitetezo mderali?
Masiku ano, makampani opitilira 300 akugwira ntchito yopanga ndi kusonkhanitsa magalimoto owuluka. Koma mpaka pano, ma projekiti onse ali makamaka pakukonzekera ndi kuyesa. Oyambira ochepa amakhala ndi ma prototypes ogwira ntchito.
Vuto lina ndikulembetsa ma taxi atsopano a ndege: ziphaso zachitetezo ndi malamulo oyendetsa ndege - sizili choncho. Nkhani zonsezi sizinathe kuthetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, tikuwuzani zamilandu yapadera yomwe mayendedwe adatsimikizika.
Mwachitsanzo, drone yomwe idapangidwa ku China - EHang - yapambana mayeso angapo opambana m'mizinda mu Europe ndi South Korea, ndipo adalandiranso SAC (Special Airworthiness Certificate) satifiketi yoyendetsa ndege kumeneko ku Korea ku 2020. Kuti alandire, chipangizocho chiyenera kupititsa patsogolo kuyang'anira, kupereka zolemba zogwirira ntchito ndikuwuza za momwe ntchito ikuyembekezeredwa.
Kampani yaku Germany ya Volocopter idawonetsanso mayeso a drone yonyamula katundu yolemetsa yomwe imatha kunyamula katundu wokwana 200 kg wopitilira 40 km. Tsopano akuchita nawo chiphaso chomaliza chamayendedwe ake. Ndege zoyamba zamalonda zopita ku Singapore ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pofika 2023.
Lilium yochokera ku Munich ikugwiranso ntchito pa taxi ya ndege. Mu 2020, kampaniyo idawonetsa fanizo la ndege yokhala ndi mipando isanu. Paulendo wapamtunda, zoyendera zimangodya pafupifupi 10% ya mphamvu zake zazikulu.
Mu 2020, zoyendera za kampaniyo zidapatsidwa satifiketi ya CRI-A01 kuchokera ku European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Koma ichi si chikalata chomwe chimapereka chilolezo cha maulendo apandege, koma chinachake monga mndandanda wa zofunikira ndi zovuta zamakono zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuwongolera musanapite ku chiphaso chomaliza.
CRI ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chomwe chimaperekedwa chisanachitike chiphaso kuti chiwonetsetse zovuta zazikulu zaukadaulo, utsogoleri kapena kutanthauzira komwe kumachitika pakati pa ndege yatsopano ndi certification.
Nanga bwanji Russia?
Kumapeto kwa Januware, Hover woyambira waku Russia adayamba kuyesa taxi yowuluka ku Moscow, pabwalo laling'ono ku Luzhniki. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa kampani yopanga makina a Hover hoverbike, Alexander Atamanov, adanena kuti kuyambika kwa taxi yoyamba yowuluka ku Russia kukukonzekera mu 2025.
Chipangizocho chimatha kunyamula anthu awiri ndikuthamanga mpaka 200 km / h. Pa liwiro ili, zoyendera chimakwirira 100 Km popanda recharging, amene ali pafupifupi theka la ola mu mlengalenga. Drone yonyamula katundu imakhala ndi ndalama zokwana 300kg ndipo imatha kukweza 150m kuchokera pansi.
Sergei Izvolsky, mlangizi kwa wamkulu wa Federal Air Transport Agency, adati mayendedwe akufunika satifiketi kuchokera ku bungweli. Iyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi wopanga.
Pakadali pano, palibe malamulo owerengera ndalama ndi kulembetsa magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi anthu ku Russia. Malamulo akuyenda mbali iyi, koma ndizosatheka kuyerekezera kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, adawonjezera.
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Mpaka pano, lamulo logwirizana la certification ya mayendedwe amagetsi amagetsi, magalimoto owuluka ndi eVTOL sanawonekere. Koma mabungwe a IT amalonjeza kuti taxi ya ndege idzawoneka zaka zisanu kapena khumi zikubwerazi kapenanso m'mbuyomu.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yopanga gulu la zoyendera zamtundu uwu, njira zowunikira chitetezo, komanso kukhazikitsa pafupipafupi komwe muyenera kukonzanso ndi zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwamo.
