Sabata ino gulu la Webb lidapitilirabe kupita patsogolo pakuyanjanitsa telesikopu ku Chida cha NIRCam. Pakati pa kutenga deta kuti timvetsetse zigawo za kuwala, tikupitiriza kuyang'ana zida za sayansi. The NIRSpec chida Mulinso mawindo ang'onoang'ono osunthika kotala miliyoni, iliyonse mamilimita 0.1 ndi 0.2 kukula kwake. Ma microshutter array amalola asayansi kuloza milalang'amba yeniyeni m'malo omwe akuphunzira, kwinaku akutseka mawindo chakumbuyo kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingaipitse mawonekedwe. Tayamba kuyesa makina ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimawongolera ndikuyambitsa ma microshutter.
M'masabata aposachedwa, tidagawana njira yowonetsera chilengedwe choyambirira. Lerolino, tikambirana za ndandanda ya zochitika zimene zingatithandize kuyankha ena mwa mafunso amenewo. Massimo Stiavelli, mkulu wa Webb Mission Office ku Space Telescope Science Institute, akutiuza za kufufuza kwake komwe anakonza zokhudza nyenyezi zoyamba ndi milalang'amba:
“Makhemikali a chilengedwe choyambirira, kuphulika kwakukulu kutangotha, ndi chotulukapo cha zida zanyukiliya zimene zinachitika m’mphindi zoŵerengeka zoyambirira za kukhalako kwa chilengedwe. Njirazi zimadziwika kuti 'primordial nucleosynthesis.' Chimodzi mwa zoneneratu za chitsanzochi ndi chakuti mankhwala a chilengedwe choyambirira ndi hydrogen ndi helium. Panali zizindikiro zokha za zinthu zolemera, zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pake mu nyenyezi. Zoloserazi zimagwirizana ndi zowonera, ndipo kwenikweni ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zaumboni zomwe zimathandizira chitsanzo cha hot big bang.
“Nyenyezi zakale kwambiri zinapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale zimenezi. Kupeza nyenyezi izi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa 'First Stars' kapena 'Population III stars,' ndikutsimikizira kofunikira kwa chitsanzo chathu cha zakuthambo, ndipo kuli pafupi ndi James Webb Space Telescope. Webb mwina sangathe kuzindikira nyenyezi imodzi kuchokera pachiyambi cha chilengedwe, koma imatha kuzindikira milalang'amba yoyamba yomwe ili ndi nyenyezi izi.
“Njira imodzi yotsimikizira ngati tikupeza nyenyezi zoyambirira ndiyo kuyeza molondola zitsulo za milalang’amba yakutali kwambiri. Mawu a zakuthambo, metallicity, ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolemera kuposa hydrogen ndi helium - kotero kuti mlalang'amba wochepa wa metallicity ungasonyeze kuti unapangidwa ndi 'First Stars' izi. Mlalang'amba umodzi wakutali kwambiri womwe wapezeka mpaka pano, wotchedwa MACS1149-JD1, watsimikiziridwa kuti uli pa kuzimitsa 9.1 ndi kutulutsa kuwala kumene tikuona pamene chilengedwe chinali ndi zaka 600 miliyoni zokha. Kuwala kochokera ku mlalang’amba wakutali umenewu kwakhala kukuyenda kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndipo kukungofika kumene ife tsopano.
"M'chaka choyamba cha sayansi ya Webb, ndili ndi pulogalamu yoyang'anitsitsa yophunzira mlalang'ambawu ndikuwona kuti ndi zitsulo. Ndichita izi poyesa kuyeza chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya mizere iwiri ya spectroscopic yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi ma ion okosijeni, omwe poyamba amatuluka pa kuwala kowoneka bwino kwa violet-buluu ndi buluu wobiriwira (mpumulo wa mafunde ang'onoang'ono pa 4,363 angstroms ndi 5,007 angstroms). Chifukwa cha redshift yakuthambo, mizere iyi tsopano ikuwoneka pamafunde a infrared omwe Webb amatha kuwona. Kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha mizere iwiri ya ion yofanana kungapereke muyeso wokwanira wa kutentha kwa gasi mumlalang'ambawu ndipo, kupyolera muzojambula zosavuta zongopeka, zidzapereka muyeso wolimba wa zitsulo zake.
"Vuto ndiloti imodzi mwa mizere iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yofooka kwambiri. Komabe, mzerewu umakonda kukhala wamphamvu pazitsulo zotsika. Chifukwa chake ngati titalephera kuzindikira mzere ndi kuyeza zitsulo za MACS1149-JD1, zitha kutanthauza kuti zalemetsedwa kale ndi zinthu zolemetsa, ndipo tiyenera kuyang'ana mopitilira muyeso. Kaya ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta yanga kapena ndi mapulogalamu amtsogolo, ndikuyembekeza kuti nthawi yonse ya moyo wake Webb azitha kupeza zinthu zokhala ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri kuti zisunge makiyi omvetsetsa nyenyezi zam'badwo woyamba.
Massimo Stiavelli, mutu wa Webb Mission Office, Space Telescope Science Institute
Yolembedwa ndi:
- Jonathan Gardner, wachiwiri kwa wasayansi wamkulu wa polojekiti ya Webb, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
- Alexandra Lockwood, wasayansi wa projekiti ya Webb science communications, Space Telescope Science Institute
