Wolemba: Prof. Plamen Pavlov
Mu 1194, Mfumu Assen I anagonjetsa asilikali a Byzantine pa nkhondo ya Arkadiopol (Lozengrad) ku "Macedonia" - Eastern Thrace.
Nkhani yomwe ili ndi a Georgian Liparites imamaliza chidziwitso chathu cha mikangano yankhondo yaku Bulgaria-Byzantine pansi pa Asenevites oyamba.
M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, mosasamala kanthu za mtunda wa malo ndi chopinga chachikulu cha madzi, monga ngati Black Sea, panali maunansi okhalitsa pakati pa anthu a ku Bulgaria ndi a ku Georgia. Cholumikizira chachikulu ndi chikhulupiriro wamba cha Orthodox, ndipo mtundu wa "korona" wa maubwenzi awa ndi nyumba ya amonke yotchuka "St. Amayi a Mulungu Petritsionisa "- Bachkovo Monastery, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1083 ndi Grigory Pakuryan / Bakuriani wolemekezeka waku Armenian-Georgia. Amonke a ku Georgia anakhala m’nyumba ya amonke kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 11, Ioan Petritsi (c. 1050-1130) anagwira ntchito kumeneko. Dzina lotchulidwira lomwe wafilosofi waku Georgia wakale amakhalabe m'mbiri akuchokera ku dzina lachi Bulgaria "Petrich" - linga la masiku ano la Asen. Sukulu ya Chijojiya yolemba mabuku yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Bachkovo inkatchedwa "Petritska". Maubwenzi auzimu pakati pa Bulgaria ndi Georgia akhoza kukambidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma lero tikhala pa gawo lina, "lokopa" la mbiri yathu, momwe muli nawo gawo la Georgia.
Mu 1194, abale asanu a m’banja la Lipariti anagwera m’kamvuluvulu wa nkhondo ya ku Bulgaria ndi Byzantine, imene inayamba ndi kuukira kwa Peter ndi Assen. "Nyumba" ya Liparites ndi "mtsogoleri" wa olemekezeka motsutsana ndi ulamuliro wachifumu. Udindo wa a Liparits unafika povuta kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 11, ndipo mu 1047 mtsogoleri wawo Liparit IV adakwanitsa kuthamangitsa Mfumu Bagrat IV kunja kwa dziko kwa kanthawi ... , ndi zina .n. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, mu 1093, Mfumu Davide Wachinayi analanda ulamuliro wa makolo. Oimira angapo a "fuko" lopanduka anathawira ku Byzantium, kulandira maudindo apamwamba ndi maudindo mu usilikali ndi kayendetsedwe ka boma.
Prof. Ivan Yordanov (1949-2021) yemwe adachoka posachedwapa, katswiri wodziwa za numismatics ndi phragistics, adasindikiza sitampu ya Mihail Liparit. M'zaka za m'ma 70 kapena 80 m'zaka za zana la 11, adalandira udindo wapamwamba wa "proeder", ndipo chisindikizo chake chinapezeka ku Anchialo / Pomorie. Apa tikambirana mwachidule za kutenga nawo gawo kwa Liparites asanu mu gulu lankhondo la Byzantine patapita zaka zana, zomwe timaphunzira mu Moyo wa Mfumukazi ya Queens Tamara.
Mfumukazi yotchuka ya ku Georgia, Tamar (1184-1213) inali m’mavuto aakulu ndi ena onse a ku Georgia’s Liparity. Abale asanu, "... ana aamuna a Kehaberi ochokera ku mizu yovunda ya banja la Liparitus ...", amapanga ziganizo zomwe zimayambitsa kuphedwa kwa ndale. Tamara wotsimikiza mtima ndi wokangalikayo analamula kuti aliyense wa abale atsekedwe m’ndende ndi kukhala yekha m’linga lapadera, koma njira imeneyi yotsekera m’nyumba sinagwire ntchito. Pamapeto pake, zipolowezo zidathamangitsidwa "... kupita ku ukapolo ku Greek Macedonia (Byzantine Eastern / Odrina Thrace), kumene adaphedwa ndi a Kipchaks (Cumans), monga tamva, kunkhondo ngati olimba mtima aulemerero ..."
Kuthamangitsidwa kwa abale a Lipariti kumadziwika kuti ndi zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Tamara - isanafike 1191, pomwe Emperor Isaac II Angelus (1185-1195, 1203-1204) anali kulamulira ku Byzantium, pomwe ubale wake ndi Georgia udasokonekera kwambiri. Monga zimadziwika, Tamar adapereka chitetezo chandale ndipo pambuyo pake adathandizira Alexius ndi David Mega-Comnenius, zidzukulu za mfumu yakale ya Roma Andronicus I Comnenus (1183-1185) komanso omwe adayambitsa Trebizond Empire. Abale a Lipariti anapita ku Byzantium ndi magulu awo ankhondo, akuwerengera thandizo la achibale awo ku Constantinople - mwachitsanzo, woweruza Basili Liparit, wotchulidwa mu 1177. Chifukwa cha zochitika zawo zankhondo, olemekezeka a ku Georgia analembedwa m'gulu lankhondo la Byzantine kutsogolo. ndi kukonzedwanso ndi abale Peter ndi Asen Bulgarian ufumu.
Kodi ndi liti ndipo ndi m’mikhalidwe yotani imene a Lipari anafa? Tsoka ilo, palibe deta yeniyeni, koma yankho la funsoli silingatheke nkomwe. Chithunzi cha kulimbana kwa asilikali a Bulgaria-Byzantine pansi pa Asenevs yoyamba ndi yolemera mokwanira muzochitika, zomwe wowerenga wokonda chidwi angaphunzire zambiri kuchokera m'buku lofalitsidwa kumene ndi Dr. Anelia Markova "The Second Bulgarian Kingdom in War and Peace" (Sofia, 2022). Mpaka 1202, pamene mgwirizano unafika pakati pa Emperor Alexius III Angel (1195-1203) ndi King Kaloyan (1197-1207), kumenyana kunatsatirana.
Zochita zankhondo zaku Bulgaria, kuphatikiza kuukira kwa Cuman ku "Macedonia" (Eastern Thrace), zidachitika nthawi yonseyi. A Liparite asanu anafa atangothamangitsidwa ku Georgia, mwachionekere pankhondo ina yaikulu. Zikuoneka kuti kutha kwa akuluakulu a ku Georgia kunayamba chifukwa cha nkhondo m'chaka cha 1194, pamene Mfumu Assen inagonjetsa koopsa magulu a asilikali a Byzantine Alexius Gid ndi Basil Vatsi ku Arcadiopol (Luleburgas). M’nkhondo yotsimikizirika, asilikali a “m’nyumba ya Kum’maŵa” (mkulu wa asilikali a ku Asia Minor) Alexius Mtsogoleri anagwada pamaso pa kuukira kwa Bulgaria, nayamba kuthaŵa mosalongosoka. Asilikali motsogozedwa ndi Vasily Vatsi, "wam'banja la Kumadzulo" (Balkan) anali pafupi kuwonongedwa ndi Bulgaria ndi Cumans.
Kugonjetsedwa koopsa kunadziwika ndi Isaac II Angel ngati tsoka lenileni lankhondo ... Pachifukwa ichi, mfumuyo inayang'ana wothandizana naye kumbuyo kwa aku Bulgaria ndipo anakonzekera kumenya nkhondo pamodzi ndi apongozi ake, mfumu ya Hungary Béla. III. Mwamwayi, mapangidwe ofunitsitsa komanso owopsa awa adalepheretsedwa ndi kulanda kwa Alexius III Angelus motsutsana ndi Isaac Angelus mu 1195.
Kutenga nawo mbali kwa abale a Lipariti pankhondo pakati pa Aromani ndi aku Bulgaria kungagwirizane ndendende ndi asitikali "akumadzulo" otsogozedwa ndi Vasili Vatsi. Chisindikizo chotsogolera cha wolemekezeka wachiroma uyu chinapezeka m'chigawo cha Kardjali ndipo chinasindikizidwanso ndi Prof. Ivan Yordanov. Mutu wapamwamba "sevast" walembedwapo. Kuchokera pazidziwitso za zochitika pafupi ndi nthawi, timaphunzira kuti m'magulu a asilikali a ku Balkan a ufumuwo panali magulu a Alans (makolo a Ossetia masiku ano), omwe anaikidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa mtsogoleri wa asilikali wa Roma Theodore Vrana. Gulu lankhondo ndi machenjerero a anthu aku Georgia anali pafupifupi kapena ofanana kwathunthu ndi anansi awo akumpoto, ma Alans, omwe anali osasinthika kapena ogwirizana nawo mu gulu lankhondo la Georgia. Mu ubale wa chikhalidwe cha Chijojiya-Alani, izi sizosadabwitsa - Mfumukazi Tamar mwiniwake ndi Alan ndi amayi, ndipo mwamuna wake wachiwiri, David Soslan, ndi kalonga wa Alan. Alan adabwera ku Byzantium, zikuwoneka, makamaka kudzera ku Georgia. Zonsezi zimatipatsa chifukwa choganiza kuti gulu lankhondo laku Georgia linadzazidwanso ndi Alans mu utumiki wa Byzantine. Monga tawonera kale mu "Trud" (December 17, 2021), panalinso ogwirizana ndi Alan mu gulu lankhondo la Asenevtsi - komabe, adabwera ku utumiki waku Bulgaria osati ku boma la Alania (tsopano North ndi South Ossetia) ku Caucasus. kuchokera ku Alan ” enclaves mu 'Cuman steppe' (Ukraine masiku ano).
Kugwirizana kwa Georgia ndi Cuman "steppe empire" mwina kudapangitsa wolemba osadziwika kuti atsindike ndendende "Kipchaks" (Cumans). N'zotheka kuti olemekezeka Chijojiya anafa pa nkhondo ndendende ndi Cumans, osati ndi Bulgarians okha. Mu njira zachikhalidwe zankhondo za nthawiyo, okwera pamahatchi opepuka (Cumans, Georgians ndi Alans motsatana) nthawi zambiri amatenga gawo lodziyimira pawokha pankhondo zazikulu. Izi ndizochitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi nkhondo yotchuka ya Adrien (April 14, 1204), yomwe Mfumu Kaloyan, mothandizidwa ndi Cumans, inagonjetsa asilikali a Chilatini. Pamapeto pake, gawoli ndi abale a Lipariti limakwaniritsa bwino chidziwitso chathu chokhudza chikhalidwe ndi zochitika za mikangano ya Bulgarian-Byzantine pa nthawi ya Asenevs yoyamba.
Ndipo mawu ochepa okhudza malo a nkhondo - "Macedonia", monga Eastern Thrace inkatchedwa ku Middle Ages. Wolemba Chijojiya adadziwa izi, chifukwa pa nthawi yomwe amakhala, madera amasiku ano a mbiri yakale ku Macedonia amatchedwa ... Bulgaria chifukwa cha mtundu wa anthu okhalamo!
Chithunzi: linga lakale la Georgia Hertvisi kuyambira nthawi ya Mfumukazi Tamar
Chitsime: trud.bg
