Sizinaphatikizepo ziwombankhanga zakupha, mahotela otsogola, kapena kubwezera, ana akusukulu yasekondale ya telekinetic, koma chilimwechi, wolemba Stephen King adayamba kunena nkhani yatsopano yowopsa: mkhalidwe wowopsa wamakampani aku US mu 2022.
Wolembayo, yemwe adalemba zogulitsa zambiri zowopsa kuyambira m'ma 1970 monga The Shining ndi Carrie, adachitira umboni mwezi uno m'malo mwa oyang'anira a Biden mu dipatimenti ya Zachilungamo kuyesa kuletsa kuphatikiza kwa $ 2.2bn kwa Penguin Random House, wosindikiza wamkulu ku America, ndi Simon & Schuster, imodzi mwamakampani a "Big Five" omwe amalamulira makampani aku US.
Mu Novembala chaka chatha, boma la federal lidaimitsa mgwirizanowu, ponena kuti mgwirizanowu upatsa makampani "ulamuliro womwe sunachitikepo" pa omwe amvekere mawu awo m'moyo wachikhalidwe chaku America, chitukuko chomwe "chingabweretse vuto lalikulu kwa olemba. ”.
M'kati mwa milungu itatu ya mikangano mu Ogasiti uno, mlanduwu udalowa m'dziko losadziwika bwino lachitukuko chandalama zazikulu komanso kuphatikiza kwamakampani, ndikuwulula kusagwirizana kwakukulu pa momwe mgwirizanowu ungakhudzire bizinesi ya mabuku, ndipo zotsatira zake, tsogolo la Chikhalidwe cholemba ku America chinkawoneka ngati olemba komanso owerenga mofanana. Mlandu umene sunachitikepo wautcha kuti mlandu wofalitsa wazaka zana lino.
Kwa mbali yake, Mr King, m'modzi mwa olemba opambana kwambiri komanso olipidwa kwambiri m'badwo wake, anali wokonzeka kuchitira umboni motsutsana ndi wofalitsa wake wanthawi zonse, Scribner, gawo la Simon & Schuster, kuti atsutsane ndi kuphatikizika kwakukulu mumakampani opanga mabuku.
akulimbikitsidwa
“Dzina langa ndine Stephen King. Ndine wolemba wodziyimira pawokha, "adayamba mwachidwi, asanalankhule motsutsana ndi msika womwe wakakamiza olemba ambiri "pansi pa umphawi".
"Ndabwera chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti kuphatikiza ndi koyipa pampikisano," adatero. "Zimakhala zolimba komanso zovuta kuti olemba apeze ndalama kuti azikhalamo."
“Ndi dziko lovuta kunja kuno tsopano. Ndichifukwa chake ndabwera,” adaonjeza. "Pakafika nthawi yomwe, ngati muli ndi mwayi, mutha kusiya kutsatira akaunti yanu yakubanki ndikuyamba kutsatira mtima wanu."
Kusemphana maganizo ndi Mr King ndi chimodzi mwazosokoneza zambiri pamlanduwu, womwe unatseka mfundo zotsekera Lachisanu (19 August).
Ngakhale kuti mlanduwu umatengera luso laukadaulo monga kusintha kwa makontrakitala a olemba, tanthauzo la mphamvu ya monopoly, ndi kuyenera kwa makonzedwe osiyanasiyana azinthu zogulitsira, aliyense m'mabuku amayang'anira chigamulo chikafika kugwa uku.
Owerenga angafune kutchera khutu, nawonso. Mlanduwu sumangokhudza momwe anthu amadyera mabuku, komanso pamtengo wotani. Monga nkhani ina iliyonse yabwino, iyi ilinso ndi sewero ndi miseche yambiri yoti azizungulira.
"Izi ndizovuta kwambiri," a Michael Cader, woyambitsa nyuzipepala ya Publishers Lunch, adauza The Independent. "Mlanduwu mwina udapezeka ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri, koma udasangalatsa makampani onse. Zotsatira zonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha mgwirizano womwewo komanso zisudzo zokhala ndi anzanu ndi anthu mumakampani anu pamalopo okambirana zambiri zamabizinesi kwa milungu itatu zinali zolimbikitsa kwa anthu ambiri. ”
Mtsutso waukulu pamlanduwu udali wokhudza anamgumi akulu am'makampani osindikiza, mabuku omwe olemba adapeza ndalama zoposa $250,000 pakupititsa patsogolo kwawo mitu yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhala pamndandanda wogulitsa kwambiri.
The DOJ inanena kuti Penguin Random House yomwe ingakhalepo - Simon & Schuster juggernaut ingalamulire theka la msika wa mabuku a blockbuster ku US.
"Ndiwo makampani okhawo omwe ali ndi likulu, mbiri, luso la ukonzi, kutsatsa, kutsatsa, kugulitsa, ndi kugawa zinthu kuti azipeza nthawi zonse mabuku omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri," atero amilandu a DOJ polemba makhothi.
Chiyembekezo chophatikizana, panthawiyi, adauza khoti ku Washington, DC, kuti owerenga ndi olemba alibe chochita mantha ngati boma lilola Big Five kukhala Big Four.
"Ndi zabwino kwa onse omwe akukhudzidwa, kuphatikiza olemba," a Stephen Fishbein, loya wa Simon & Schuster, adatero m'mawu ake omaliza.
Atsogoleri apamwamba ku Penguin Random House ndi Simon & Schuster adati msika wamabuku ndi wokulirapo komanso wopikisana kuposa gawo lomwe boma lidasankha kuyang'anapo, lomwe limakhudza pafupifupi mabuku 1,200 pachaka, kapena awiri peresenti ya msika wamalonda waku US. makampani anakangana mu chidule cha pretrial.
Ponseponse, mu 2021, pafupifupi theka la mabuku omwe adagulitsidwa ku US adachokera kwa osindikiza kunja kwa Big Five, CEO wa Penguin Random House a Markus Dohle adachitira umboni. Kampaniyo idazindikiranso kuti idataya msika kuyambira pomwe 2013 idaphatikizika pakati pa Penguin ndi Random House.
Kuphatikiza apo, makampaniwo adanenanso kuti njira yopezera mabuku ndi kusakanikirana kwaukadaulo komanso kutchova njuga, pomwe ngakhale zimphona zosindikiza sizingatsimikizire kuti kugula kwandalama zazikulu kumatanthawuza kugulitsa kwakukulu ndi kufikira kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe, kapena kuneneratu liti buku la wolemba wamkulu. zitha kukhala zopambana.
"Awa si ma widget omwe tikupanga," adatero Madeline McIntosh, wamkulu wa Penguin Random House, pochitira umboni. "Kuwunika ndi njira yodzimvera chisoni kwambiri."
Kudzinenera kulosera za tsogolo labwino kwambiri la buku kunali ngati "kudzitamandira chifukwa cha nyengo," adawonjezeranso CEO wa Simon & Schuster Jonathan Karp.
Njira yosayembekezerekayi ikhalabe yosagwirizana ngakhale ataphatikizana, makampani adapitilira, chifukwa akonzi a Simon & Schuster ndi Penguin Random House akadaloledwa kupikisana wina ndi mnzake pamitu yamtsogolo.
Ngakhale kwa wolemba zongopeka, komabe, izi zidakhudza Stephen King pang'ono kunja uko.
“Munganenenso kuti mudzakhala ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi akulimbirira wina ndi mnzake za nyumba,” anatero wolembayo. "Ndizopusa pang'ono."
Amy Thomas, eni ake a Pegasus Books, omwe ali ndi masitolo ku Solano, Berkeley, ndi Oakland, California, adati kuphatikizaku kungathenso kuletsa omwe amasindikizidwa poyamba, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa komwe mawu atsopano ndi ofunika amamveka.
Mabuku ofunikira kwambiri sikuti amangoyamba kupanga phindu nthawi yomweyo, koma kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti anthu azisaka mwachangu kuti achepetse ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, adatinso, ogulitsa omwe akuyimira makabukhu akuluakulu ophatikizidwa a Simon & Schuster ndi Penguin Random House mwina alibe nthawi yopambana maudindo awo onse momwe nyumba yaying'ono yosindikizira ingachitire.
"Zinthu zidzatha. Mizere idzagwa. Zangochuluka, "adauza The Independent. “Pali mabuku ambiri. Sikuti onse amagwira ntchito. Ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi ofunikabe. ”
Makampani akuluakulu angakhalenso ndi chilimbikitso chochepa kapena luso lopatsa ogulitsa mabuku abwino, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito za kampaniyo.
Kupitilira pa mafunso aukadaulo okhudza momwe mgwirizano wa Simon & Schuster - Penguin Random House ungakhudzire malipiro a olemba ndi malo ogulitsa mabuku, panalinso nkhani yovuta kwambiri yomwe olemba adalipira ndalama zambiri komanso chifukwa chake.
Pafunsoli, mlanduwo udakhala ngati wolemba Tsamba Lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndikutchula mndandanda wa ofalitsa a Big Five Hachette "omwe adathawa", ndipo adapereka malipoti asanu ndi awiri a anthu ngati Jamie Foxx ndi wolemba magazini wa New Yorker Jiayang Fan. .
Wosindikiza wa Simon & Schuster imprint Gallery adachitira umboni kuti adalipira "mamiliyoni" kuti apeze buku lolembedwa ndi wanthabwala Amy Schumer, ngakhale kuyerekezera kwamalonda kukuwonetsa kuti bukuli silingayenere kulipidwa motere.
Mlanduwo udafotokozanso momwe ndalama zokwana $65m zomwe Barack ndi Michelle Obama adapeza m'mabuku awo zidayandikira $75m pomwe akonzi a Penguin Random House akadafuna chilolezo kuchokera kwa kholo lawo, Bertelsmann waku Germany, kuti apite patsogolo.
Koma cholinga cha mayina a marquee amenewa chinali choposa miseche chabe yamakampani ofalitsa. Mlanduwu unawunikira momwe kagawo kakang'ono ka mabuku odziwika bwino kamathandizira makampani onse osindikiza.
Akuluakulu a Penguin Random House adanena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a mabuku awo amapeza phindu, pomwe mabuku anayi okha m'gululi amawerengera 60 peresenti ya zomwe amapeza. Mu 2021, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa BookScan, ochepera pa 3.2 peresenti ya mitu 5,000 miliyoni yomwe adatsata adagulitsa makope opitilira XNUMX.
Chifukwa cha momwe zinthu zilili, ofalitsa akuluakulu adanena kuti kuphatikiza kwawo kungapangitse kuti makampani azigwira bwino ntchito, kuwalola kuti apereke ndalamazo kuti olemba ambiri apeze chidutswa chachikulu cha pie.
Komabe, Woweruza Florence Y Pan akuwoneka kuti akutsutsa malingaliro awa, kukana kuvomereza umboni wa Penguin Random House kuti ugwirizane ndi izi, akutsutsa kuti sizinatsimikizidwe paokha.
"Woweruzayo adakana mwatsatanetsatane ndipo adakana mtsutso wa achitetezo povomereza umboniwu," adatero a Cader, a Publishers Lunch.
Anateronso Stephen King.
"Panali mazana a zolemba ndipo zina zidayendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe amakonda zokonda kwambiri," adatero. "Mabizinesi amenewo, mmodzimmodzi, adayendetsedwa ndi ofalitsa ena kapena adasiya bizinesi."
Mbiri yake yosindikiza imafotokoza nkhani yamakampani omwe akulamulidwa kwambiri ndi makampani ochepa. Carrie adasindikizidwa ndi Doubleday, yomwe pamapeto pake idalumikizana ndi Knopf, yomwe tsopano ndi gawo la Penguin Random House. Viking Press, yomwe idatulutsa mayina ena a King, inali gawo la Penguin, yomwe idakhala Penguin Random House mu 2013.
David Enyeart, manejala wa St Paul, odziyimira pawokha a Next Chapter Booksellers ku Minnesota, akuti kuyenda kwanthawi yayitali kwa makampaniwa kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mawu atsopano atuluke ndikufikira owerenga m'masitolo chifukwa osindikiza ang'onoang'ono sangathe kupikisana.
"Amatha kupanga zisankho zodziyimira pawokha za omwe asindikiza, koma sangathe kufalitsa mawu mwamphamvu ngati kampani yozama m'thumba. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogula amatha kuwerenga, "adatero. "Ndiko kukhudza kwenikweni komwe aliyense amawona."
Ena amati nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa kuphatikiza kwamakampani komwe kumathetsa kusiyanasiyana komanso kusiyanasiyana kwabizinesi. Ndi nthawi zabwino kwambiri komanso nthawi zoyipa kwambiri pamakampani opanga mabuku. Zimangotengera momwe mumaonera, malinga ndi Mike Shatzkin, CEO wa kampani yosindikiza The Idea Logical Company.
"Bizinesi yamabuku monga momwe idawerengedwera m'maudindo yakhala ikuphulika kwa zaka 20," adauza The Independent. "Bizinesi yamabuku monga momwe imawerengedwera ndi madola yakhala ikukula kwa zaka 20."
Iye akuyerekeza kuti mitu yowonjezereka kuŵirikiza nthaŵi 40 ikupezeka kuposa mabuku theka la miliyoni kapena kupitirira apo amene anasindikizidwa mu 1990. Kungoti osindikiza ndi masitolo ogulitsa mabuku tsopano akuyang’anizana ndi odzisindikiza okha pogwiritsa ntchito mautumiki monga Amazon’s Kindle Direct, komanso upstarts amene, zikomo. ku intaneti, tsopano ali ndi mwayi wotsika mtengo wosindikiza ndi kusunga maunyolo omwe kale anali otsika mtengo ku nyumba zazikulu zosindikizira.
Winawake akuyang'ana kugulitsa mabuku safuna ngakhale zomangamanga zambiri. Angavomereze kulipiridwa kwa bukhu, kenaka kupereka oda yosindikiza ndi kutumiza kwa ogawa monga Ingram, osakhudza konse bukhu.
Ngakhale mliri sunathe kugulitsa malonda, malinga ndi a Dohle a Penguin Random House. Kugulitsa mabuku osindikizira kudakula ndi 20 peresenti pakati pa 2012 ndi 2019 - kenako 20 peresenti pakati pa 2019 ndi 2021.
Kuti mupeze phindu m'dziko lomwe, a Shatzkin akuyerekeza, pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya mabuku amagulitsidwa pa intaneti, mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanda malire, ndikusindikiza ndi kutumiza nthawi yomweyo, osindikiza akulu amatha kukhala ndi moyo, akuti, mwa kuphatikiza ndi kupanga ndalama zodalirika. mabuku omwe asindikizidwa kale kuchokera m'mabuku awo akumbuyo. Mabuku awa safuna osindikiza kuti awononge ndalama zambiri kuti apeze wolemba watsopano wodalirika komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo.
“Dziko limene takhalamo, limene takhalamo kwa zaka 20, n’lakuti mmene bizinesi ya ofalitsa malonda ikucheperachepera, ndipo luso la ofalitsa lopanga buku latsopano lopindulitsa likucheperachepera, ndipo mphamvu za ofalitsa zimayamba kuchepa. ” adatero. "Chomwe chakula ndikutha kupanga ndalama zam'mbuyo zam'mbuyo zomwe mwina sizinapezekepo ndalama m'masiku akale."
Kumbuyo kwa mayeso ophatikizana ndi Amazon, omwe amawongolera, mwa mawerengedwe ena, pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a msika wamabuku atsopano ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku US, ndi Ingram, wogawa, kampani yomwe imayang'anira mabuku ambiri odziyimira pawokha. kugawa pakati pa ofalitsa ndi owerenga.
Mwalamulo, kuphatikizika kumapereka mwayi kwa boma kuti lione ngati kampani yomwe ikufunsidwayo ingakhale yotsutsana ndi mpikisano, koma Amazon yatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi ake osiyanasiyana kuti athandizire bizinesi yobangula yopangidwa pamitu yoperekedwa pamitengo yotsika.
"Suti iyi ili ngati kuthamangitsa chinthu chomwe chathawa kalekale," a Paul Yamazaki, wogula mabuku ku San Francisco Institute City Lights Bookstore, adauza The Independent, atakhala pakhonde ladzuwa lomwe lili ndi mabuku ambiri. "Ngati Dipatimenti Yachilungamo iwonadi izi, ndikuyang'ana m'malo mwa owerenga ndi olemba, ayenera kuyang'ana Amazon."
Kupatulapo monga kutha kwa Standard Oil ndi makampani a Bell System, boma silimasankha kuswa maulamuliro osaphatikizana.
Ngakhale ndikupita patsogolo pakudzisindikiza, malonda a e-commerce, komanso kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsa mabuku a indie m'zaka zaposachedwa, ambiri omwe ali ndi gulu losiyanasiyana la obwera kumene ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutsatsa kwa e-commerce kwapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta makina osindikizira ang'onoang'ono. kuti mabuku awo afike kwa owerenga m'masitolo, a Yamazaki adatero.
"Makina osindikizira ambiri - City Lights, New Direction, Copper Canyon, Coffeehouse - onse adayamba ngati mapulojekiti apanyumba ndi munthu yemwe anali ndi lingaliro labwino komanso anali ndi thukuta lokha komanso taipi," adatero. "Tikufuna chilengedwe chonse kuti tichite bwino."
M'chilengedwe chamakono, komabe, malinga ndi Next Chapter's David Enyeart, nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi zikuwoneka kuti zikukulirakulira, zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu lochepa kwa wina aliyense chifukwa cha chakudya cham'mbuyo. Sanaganizire ngakhale chimodzi chabwino chokhudza kuphatikiza.
"Zomwe tiwona m'kupita kwanthawi ndizosiyana pang'ono pazopereka, chifukwa chocheperako kuti azitha kuchotsera bwino komanso kuti apeze malo ogulitsa mabuku odziyimira pawokha komanso mtundu wa mabuku omwe tikufuna kulimbikitsa. Ndilo mtundu wa nkhani. Ndi chinthu chanthawi yayitali. Sizisintha chilichonse tsiku ndi tsiku, "adatero.
akulimbikitsidwa
“Zimenezi n’zimene tidzadzuka m’zaka zingapo, ndipo kwatsala ofalitsa aŵiri okha, ndipo akutipanikiza kwambiri.”
Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa pa 23 Ogasiti 2022. M'mbuyomu idanenanso kuti wosindikiza wakale wa Simon & Schuster imprint Gallery Books adachitira umboni pamlandu wophatikiza. Komabe, umboniwo unachokera kwa Jennifer Bergstrom, yemwe ndi wofalitsa panopa wa Gallery.
