Mafunso a Paola Husein ndi Yakov Djerasi pa 24chasa.bg (06.11.2021)
Dziko lathu likhoza kuphunzitsa anthu a ku Ulaya "owunikira" zomwe khalidwe laumunthu ndi kulolerana kumatanthauza, akutero tcheyamani wa International Foundation "Bulgaria".
Pamene dziko lonse la Ulaya pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse linapereka Ayuda ake kuti aphedwe msanga, ife a ku Bulgaria tinakwanitsa kuletsa kuthamangitsidwa kwathu kundende zopherako anthu.
Chosankha chabwino kwambiri chimene ndapanga m’moyo wanga ndicho kubwera ku Bulgaria
Masiku angapo apitawo, Yakov Djerassi adatumiza kalata kwa Katarina von Schnurbein, wogwirizira watsopano wa EU kuti ayesetse kuthana ndi anti-Semitism, pomwe adapempha European Commission kulengeza Tsiku la Bulgaria kuti apulumutse Ayuda.
- Bambo Djerassi, mukuwonetsa kuti European Commission ilengeza Tsiku la Bulgaria kuti lilemekeze kuyenera kwa dziko lathu kuti apulumutse Ayuda aku Bulgaria. Munapereka malingaliro anu m'kalata yopita kwa Katharina von Schnurbein, wogwirizira watsopano wa EU kuti ayesetse kuthana ndi kudana ndi Ayuda. Chifukwa chiyani payenera kukhala tsiku loterolo?
- Ndikudziwa kuti ultranationalists ndi chikomyunizimu odzipereka sangagwirizane ndi ine, komanso anthu ena onse omwe amakhulupirira kuti Bulgaria ndi amene amachititsa zoipa za Ayuda a ku Macedonia (Yugoslavia) ndi Thracian (Greek), koma ife monga Bulgarian tiyenera kulola khalani owona mtima kwa ife eni chifukwa ndi nthawi ya Chesiboni hanefesh. Mawu a m’Baibulo amenewa kwenikweni amatanthauza “kuwerengera moyo.” Pakalendala yachiyuda, Cheshbon hanefesh imachitika chaka chilichonse chifukwa ngati munthu sawerengera, angadziwe bwanji zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa.
M'lingaliro limeneli, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti, kupatula nthano zapadera za Chibugariya, "nthawi" yosangalatsa komanso yakale yopulumutsa Ayuda athu onse.
pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, ife monga fuko sitinapatse ku Ulaya akatswiri afilosofi, asayansi, ojambula zithunzi kapena othamanga. Tinali nawo, koma sanafune kugwirizana ndi kwawo. Tengani chitsanzo cha malemu Elias Canetti. Pothawa mizu yake ya ku Bulgaria, adakonda kukhala nzika ya Britain, ngakhale kuti anabadwira ku Ruse, Bulgaria. Kapena wojambula wotchuka padziko lonse Hristo Yavashev - atangomwalira, chikhumbo chake chomwe ankayembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali chonyamula Arc de Triomphe ku Paris chinakwaniritsidwa. Ndipo pamene zaka zapitazo anafunsidwa mwaulemu kuti agwirizane ndi mayina a dziko lonse pochirikiza Yunivesite ya Sofia, iye anakana ndi mawu akuthwa akuti sakufuna kugwirizana kulikonse ndi dziko lakwawo.
Pamene dziko lonse la Ulaya panthaŵi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse linapereka Ayuda ake kuti awonongedwe msanga, ife anthu a ku Bulgaria tinakwanitsa kuletsa kuthamangitsidwa kwathu kokakamiza kundende zopherako anthu. Paulendo wachiwiri, mfumuyo inabisala m’mapiri kuti isapezeke ngati ingakakamizidwe kusaina zikalata zothamangitsidwa. Ndi kuti ku Ulaya komwe mtsogoleri wa dziko angathawire likulu lawo kuti asapereke Ayuda ake? Iwo anali anthu otsika mtengo komanso osafunika kwenikweni m’zaka zimenezo. Moyo wawo unali wopanda phindu kupatulapo ku Bulgaria.
Tengani Hungary - Ayuda 12,000 patsiku adatumizidwa ku makina owononga a Nazi. Kapena msasa waukulu wa imfa ku Balkan, maola ochepa kuchokera ku Sofia - Jasenovac, Croatia, kumene pafupifupi 400,000 Gypsies anaphedwa mwankhanza.
Ndikukumbukira kuti nthaŵi ina m’mbuyomo ndinapita ku msonkhano wokhudza kuphedwa kwa Nazi ku Athens. Kumeneko ndinaona Myuda wina wachigiriki amene anapulumuka Chipululutso cha Nazi mosapita m’mbali kuti, “Ndinaperekedwa ndi anansi anga achigiriki,” sanatchule n’komwe Ajeremaniwo.
- Kodi Bulgaria idakwanitsa bwanji kupulumutsa Ayuda ake?
- Bulgaria yachita mosiyana. Mawu anga ndimawaika pa zimene zinachitikira banja langa lomwe linkakhala m’dzikoli m’zaka zimenezo. Koma mukhoza kumva zokumana nazo zofananazo kuchokera ku mabanja a Ayuda onse a ku Bulgaria 45,000 omwe anasankha Israeli kukhala mu Bulgaria yachikominisi.
Ndiloleni ndifotokoze momveka bwino za nthawi yakale imeneyi.
Inde, panali nthawi yofikira panyumba. Inde, Ayuda anavala nyenyezi yachikasu kuwasiyanitsa ndi wina aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, Ayuda a ku Sofia anapemphedwa kusamukira kumidzi.
Inde, panali Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Mtundu komanso kulimbikitsa amuna achiyuda aku Bulgaria kuti amange misewu yosafunikira m'misasa yachibalo, koma mapangidwe awa sanali a boma lokhwima. Kodi mukudziwa kuti m'nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse Ayuda anakonza ndi kuchita nawo zisudzo m'misasa ndi operettas? Zico Graziani, mwinamwake wotchuka kwambiri wa Israeli-Bulgarian nthawi zonse ndi msewu wotchedwa pambuyo pake ku Sofia, akhoza kuyankha funso ili kwa inu: "Kuno ku Bulgaria". Ayuda ankakhoza kubwera ndi kupita. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, ankaloledwa kuyendera mabanja awo. Kodi ndi m’misasa iti ina ya ku Ulaya imene inachitikira chonchi? Zowonadi, sizinali "pikiniki", komabe Myuda aliyense waku Poland angafune kukhala m'malo mwa anthu aku Bulgaria.
Ndipo zimenezi n’zomveka, chifukwa n’kuti pamene pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ku Ulaya Ayuda ankaloledwa kupita ku mayunivesite mwachitsanzo? Lamulo loteteza dziko lidawaletsa kulowa m'masukulu apamwamba!
- M'kalata yanu yopita kwa Katarina von Schnurbein, mumamutsimikizira kuti kulengeza Tsiku la Bulgaria kuli ndi maphunziro komanso makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa chiyani?
- Kodi tikuzindikira kuti pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Ayuda a ku Bulgaria omwe anasamukira ku Israeli ku 1949 adayika maziko a mabungwe azachipatala kumeneko?! M'zaka zimenezo, 60% ya asing'anga m'dziko latsopanolo anali ochokera ku Bulgaria. Kodi tikuzindikira kuti dziko la Bulgaria lathandizira bwanji pakupanga dziko latsopano lachiyuda?! Izi sizinali zogwirizana ndi Defence of the Nation Act.
Ndiponso, ndiyenera kutchula kuti makolo anga, anzanga, ndi ine monga mbadwo wachiŵiri sitinakhudzidwe ndi Chipululutso cha Nazi.
Kodi ndaninso ku Ulaya m’kati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, kupatulapo Monsignor Roncalli, woimira Vatican ku Turkey, amene anachirikiza Ayuda monga anachitira Sinodi Yopatulika ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha ku Bulgaria?
Ndi dziko liti la ku Ulaya limene aphungu ochirikiza Chijeremani anasaina chikalata chotsutsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa Ayuda? Ndi kuti ku Ulaya komwe anthu onse, kuyambira mlimi wamba yemwe sanathe ngakhale kulemba dzina lake kwa mutu wa boma, anaima molimba mtima kumbuyo kwa nzika zake zachiyuda?
Kodi mumadziwa kuti Ayuda othawa kwawo ochokera kumayiko ena a ku Ulaya, kufika kumalire a Bulgaria, adalandiridwa ndikuperekezedwa ndi Red Cross ya ku Bulgaria? Ndiuzeni dziko lina liti zomwe zachitika.
N’zomvetsa chisoni kuti patapita zaka zonsezi, sitinaphunzire kuzindikira zabwino. Kapena monga akunena mu Israeli - Le'hakir et Hatov ("Zindikirani zabwino"). Timalira ndi kukumbukira zoipa, koma tiyeneranso kukumbukira ndi kubwereza zabwino.
Chilichonse chili ndi nthawi yake: “Mphindi yakulira ndi mphindi yakuseka; mphindi yakulira ndi mphindi yakukondwera,” Mlal.
Inde,
Bulgaria ikuyimira bwino izi
ndipo lingathedi kuphunzitsa anthu a ku Ulaya “ounikiridwa” tanthauzo la khalidwe la munthu ndi kulolerana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti EU ili ndi ngongole kwa ife Tsiku la Bulgaria!
- Lingaliro lofuna kulengedwa kwa Tsiku la Bulgaria linabwera bwanji?
- Moyo wanga wonse wagwiritsidwa ntchito pochirikiza ndi kuteteza choonadi ichi chambiri. Chotero lingaliro loterolo siliyenera kudabwitsa aliyense.
Anthu mwachibadwa ali ndi chilema chobadwa nacho choweruza wina ndi mzake, makamaka panthawi zovuta, ndipo ife a ku Bulgaria tatsimikizira dziko lapansi kuti ndife "mtundu" wosiyana. Ndine wonyadira kukhala waku Bulgaria. Anzanga ku Israel adapanganso gulu "Ndine waku Bulgaria woyamba". Tangoganizani, Ayuda a Israeli - asilikali a asilikali a Israeli, omwe sangathe ngakhale kuwerenga ndi kulemba ku Bulgarian, amanyadira cholowa chawo, chobweretsedwa ndi agogo awo okhala ndi mizu ya Chibulgaria. Onani tsamba lawo la Facebook ngati simukundikhulupirira.
- Kodi muli ndi yankho lochokera kwa Akazi a Schnurbein, adatenga bwanji malingaliro anu?
- Zowona, sindiyembekeza yankho. Ndikuganiza kuti "ndinamusangalatsa" kuposa momwe ndimafunikira.
Koma nayi nthawi yoti tinene kuti ndi nthawi yoti a MEP athu awonetse mgwirizano ndi malingaliro pamutuwu. Sindidzabisala kuti ndikuyembekeza kuti Commissioner wa ku Bulgaria Mayi Maria Gabriel adzasonyezanso chidwi. Zimatengeranso momwe mtsogoleri wathu wadziko amawonera nkhaniyi, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti akhoza kuchita zodabwitsa.
- Pali kale Tsiku Lokumbukira Padziko Lonse lolemekeza kukumbukira Ayuda omwe adamwalira mu Holocaust. Chifukwa chiyani Tsiku la Bulgaria lidzakhala losiyana?
- Ndinatchula buku la m'Baibulo la Mlaliki. Chilichonse chili ndi nthawi. Pali nthawi yoti dziko limvetsetse kuti ndife osiyana. Ndikukhulupirira kuti EU idzafuna kulemekeza Denmark ngati tsiku loterolo lipangidwa. Koma sindimakhulupirira kuti ndi woyenera kuchita zimenezi ngati mmene zilili ku Bulgaria. Taonani, sitinatumize Ayuda athu ku dziko lina, monga anachitira Adani, ndipo sitinawauze kuti alipire ndi chuma chawo chamtengo wapatali kuti atengedwe m’ngalawa za usodzi mwakachetechete mumdima wa usiku. Anthu a ku Denmark angosamutsira “vuto” kwina kulikonse, kutali ndi dziko lawo, kotero kuti mfumu yawo isamve kukhala ndi udindo kapena kusamva bwino chifukwa cha mkangano wokulirakulira wa zofuna kupanga chosankha cholimba poteteza Ayuda ake, monga athu. anachita Tsar. Ndipo tisaiwalenso kuti iwo “anatembenukira” kwa a Gestapo Myuda aliyense amene anayesa kuwolokera ku Denmark. Panalibe Danish Red Cross pamalire.
- Mwezi wapitawo - pa October 5, European Commission inalandira njira yoyamba ya EU yolimbana ndi anti-Semitism ndikulimbikitsa moyo wachiyuda. Zifukwa zake n’zakuti kudana ndi Ayuda kukuchulukirachulukira ku Ulaya ndi kupitirira apo. Kodi mukuwona mawonetseredwe a anti-Semitism m'dziko lathu?
- Ngakhale kuti Ayuda ena a ku Bulgaria okhulupirika ku dongosolo lachikomyunizimu lakale ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "monarcho-fascism", makolo anga analankhula za chikondi chakuya ndi ulemu umene analandira kuchokera kwa anansi awo a ku Bulgaria ndi nzika wamba, makamaka pambuyo poyambitsa chikasu. nyenyezi.
Ndidzabwereranso kwa Zico Graziani, woimba wotchuka wa Israeli-Bulgarian, wobadwira ku Ruse ndi womaliza maphunziro a Music Academy "Pancho Vladigerov" ku Sofia. Ananenanso kuti atafika ku kalasi yake ndi nyenyezi yachikasu, anzake onse a m'kalasi anaika nyenyezi zachikasu pamalaya awo mogwirizana.
Sindikhulupirira kuti kudzaza kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa kudana ndi Ayuda ku Bulgaria, komwe kuli ndi mafunso opusa ngati: “Kodi Ayuda ndi okhulupirika kwa Israeli kuposa dziko lomwe akukhalamo? kapena “Kodi Ayuda ali ndi chisonkhezero pa mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse? akhoza kupereka ziwerengero zolondola pamlingo wa anti-Semitism masiku ano. Ndi zachabechabe basi. Mafunso amtunduwu sikuti amangosokeretsa komanso opanda tanthauzo, koma ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chopangira malingaliro achiwembu okhala ndi kukoma koyipa komanso koopsa koyambirira.
Osati swastika iliyonse ndi chizindikiro cha anti-Semitism. Ena mwa "anthu anga" amalimbikitsa zochitika zamtunduwu zomwe zimangowonjezera kusiyana kwa kumvetsetsa.
Inde, pali kuwonjezeka kwa anti-Semitism m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya. M'malingaliro anga, kuchuluka kwake kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi ubale wosakhazikika komanso wosadziwikiratu pakati pa Israeli ndi Palestine, komanso dziko lonse la Aarabu.
Ndine membala wa gulu lotsekedwa, anthu achiyuda mwachibadwa ndi gulu lotsekedwa la anthu omwe ena alibe malo. Ndikuganiza kuti madera achiyuda akuyenera kutsegula kwambiri ndikukhalanso "kuunika kwa amitundu". Itanani ena kuti agawane nawo mu kupambana kwathu ndi miyambo yathu.
Ndipo inde, ndakhala ku Bulgaria pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu. Tangoganizani - ndinabwera kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha. M'moyo wanga wonse sindinakumanepo ndi mtundu uliwonse wa anti-Semitism womwe umachitidwa pa ine.
Zosiyana kwambiri. Ndikuvomereza kuti mwina chifukwa cha chikhalidwe changa chachiyuda ndinalandira chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi chikondi. Umu ndi momwe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi idasinthira kukhala zaka 30 ndipo chinali chisankho chabwino kwambiri chomwe ndapanga m'moyo wanga - kubwera ku Bulgaria.
- Israel ndi amodzi mwa mayiko oyamba padziko lapansi kuthana ndi coronavirus. Kodi adapita mpaka pati, adavula masks awo? Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani pa zimene zinawachitikira?
- Israeli mwina anali m'modzi mwa mayiko oyamba omwe nzika zake "zidaphunzitsidwa" bwino za kufunika kwa katemera. Sizovuta kufotokozera kwa Israeli momwe kulili kofunikira ku thanzi lawo.
Zowona ku Bulgaria ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale madotolo apa akutsutsa katemerayu. M'malingaliro anga, makamaka chifukwa cha mphekesera zonse ndi zowona zenizeni zomwe zimayendayenda m'ma TV ndi malo a anthu. Ndipo madokotala athu nthawi zambiri amakonda kuchita udindo wa Mulungu. Nthawi yochitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi mtundu uwu wa ogwira ntchito zachipatala.
Chithunzi cha Paraskeva Georgieva: Pa phwando la Mfumu Yake Tsar Simeon Wachiwiri ku Vrana Palace - Sofia kwa opambana pa mpikisano wapachaka wa nkhani za kulolerana, wokonzedwa ndi Israeli-Bulgarian Institute of Yakov Djerassi. Achinyamatawo amalemba zolemba zawo mouziridwa ndi buku la Michael Bar-Zohar "Beyond Hitler's Grip", lomwe limafotokoza za kupulumutsidwa kwa Ayuda aku Bulgaria pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.
