Gulu la asayansi aku Europe, motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wofukula mabwinja wa ku France François Desset, akwanitsa kufotokozera chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu: zolemba za Elamite zofananira - njira yodziwika bwino yolembera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ku Iran, ikulemba magazini ya Smithsonian.
Zonenazo zikutsutsidwa kwambiri ndi anzawo a ofufuzawo, koma ngati n’zoona, ndiye kuti zingatithandize kumvetsa za gulu lodziwika bwino lomwe linali pakati pa Mesopotamiya wakale ndi Chigwa cha Indus kuchiyambi kwa chitukuko. Kusanthula komwe kwasindikizidwa posachedwa m'magazini ya Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie kungalembenso kusinthika kolemba komweko. Kuti amvetse mmene zilembo za Elamu zimawerengedwera, akatswiri anagwiritsa ntchito zolembedwa zimene zangophunziridwa posachedwapa kuchokera ku miphika yakale yasiliva. “Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zofukulidwa m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Zazikidwa pa kuzindikiridwa ndi kuŵerengedwa kwa maina a mafumu,” anatero wofukula za m’mabwinja Massimo Vidale wa pa yunivesite ya Padua.
Mu 2015 Desset adapeza mwayi wopeza zosungira zachinsinsi zaku London zokhala ndi miphika yasiliva yosazolowereka yokhala ndi zolemba zambiri mu cuneiform ndi mzere wa Elamite script. Anafukulidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1920 ndikugulitsidwa kwa amalonda a Kumadzulo, kotero kuti chiyambi chawo ndi zowona zakhala zikukayikiridwa. Koma popenda zombozo anapeza kuti zinali zakale osati zachinyengo zamakono. Ponena za komwe adachokera, Desset akukhulupirira kuti anali kumanda achifumu mazana a makilomita kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Susa, azaka za m'ma 2000 BC. - pozungulira nthawi yomwe mzere wa Elamute unkagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, miphika ya siliva imayimira zitsanzo zakale kwambiri komanso zathunthu za zolemba zachifumu za Elamu mu cuneiform. Iwo anali a olamulira osiyanasiyana a mibadwo iwiri. Mwala wokhala ndi zolemba za Elamite zochokera ku Louvre.
Malinga ndi Desset, kuphatikizika kwa zolembedwa paziwiyazo kunali kothandiza kwambiri pofotokozera mzere wa Elamute script. Mayina ena olembedwa m’kalembedwe kameneka tsopano angayerekezedwe ndi zizindikiro za m’zilembo za mzere wa Elamu, kuphatikizapo mayina a mafumu otchuka Achielamu monga Shiliha. Potsatira zizindikiro zobwerezabwereza, Desset adatha kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chilembocho, chokhala ndi chiwerengero cha ma geometric. Anamasuliranso maverebu monga “kupatsa” ndi “panga”. Pambuyo pofufuza, Desset ndi gulu lake adanena kuti amatha kuwerenga zilembo za 72. "Ngakhale kuti kumasulira kwathunthu sikungatheke makamaka chifukwa cha chiwerengero chochepa cha zolembedwa, tili panjira yoyenera," olemba kafukufukuyu adamaliza. Ntchito yolimba yomasulira malemba paokha ikupitiriza. Vuto lina n’lakuti chinenero cha Elamu, chimene chakhala chikulankhulidwa m’derali kwa zaka zoposa 3,000, sichinatchulidwe n’komwe, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa kuti zizindikirozo zikuimira chiyani.
Olankhula a Elamu ankakhala kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Iran - Khuzestan, monga ku Perisiya wakale dzina la Elamu linali Hujiyā, ndi Fars (monga momwe zingathere kuti linafalikiranso m'madera ena a mapiri a Iranian isanafike zaka 3 BC).
M'zaka za chikwi chachitatu BC, mizinda ingapo ya Elamu imadziwika kuchokera ku Sumero-Akkadian: Shushen (Shushun, Susa), Anshan (Anchan, lero Tepe-Malyan pafupi ndi Shiraz ku Fars), Simashki, Adamdun ndi ena.
M’zaka za chikwi cha II BC mbali yofunika ya Elamu inali Shushen ndi Anchan. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Elamu ku Ufumu wa Achaemenid pakati pa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, chinenero cha Elamu chinakhalabe ndi malo otsogolera kwa zaka mazana awiri, pang'onopang'ono chikupereka Farsi.
Chithunzi: Gululi wa zizindikiro 72 zosinthika za zilembo za alpha pomwe makina omasulira a Linear Elamite adakhazikitsidwa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri imawonetsedwa pachizindikiro chilichonse. Zizindikiro za buluu zimatsimikiziridwa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Iran, zofiira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Iran. Zizindikiro zakuda ndizofala kumadera onsewa. F. Zakudya
