Moyo wopitiriza wa munthu, monga taonera pamwambapa, umakhala mukukula kwa mbewu ya moyo wosatha imene yaikidwa mu ubatizo. Munthu amayeretsedwa pang’onopang’ono ku uchimo, kukhalitsidwa wangwiro mwapang’onopang’ono ndi kulimbikitsidwa mu ubwino, ndipo amakwera ku msinkhu wangwiro wa mwamuna. Komabe, ngakhale pamenepo “chiyambi cha moyo wake” (Isake Msuriya), “mchere wosunga munthu,” ukupitiriza kukhala chikhulupiriro. “Chikhulupiriro ndicho amake wa ntchito zonse zabwino, ndipo nacho munthu amakwaniritsa lonjezano la Ambuye ndi Mpulumutsi wa Yesu Kristu, monga mwa zolembedwa:” popanda chikhulupiriro sikutheka kukondweretsa Mulungu. Efraimu wa ku Siriya). Ngakhale munthu atagwa: msiyeni asunge chikhulupiriro chake - mgwirizano wosweka wa moyo wake udzabwezeretsedwa, magulu ake osagwirizana adzasonkhanitsidwanso ndikuthamangira ku uchimo ndi mphamvu zatsopano. "Chikhulupiriro," akutero St. I. Chrysostom, - pali mutu ndi muzu; ngati musunga, ndiye, ngakhale mwataya zonse, mudzapeza chirichonse ndi ulemerero waukulu. “Chikhulupiriro ndi mphamvu ya chipulumutso ndi mphamvu ya moyo wosatha” (Clement waku Alexandria).
Kumbali ina, n’zoonekeratu zimene zimachitika munthu akataya chikhulupiriro. “Popanda mafuta nyali siyiyaka,” popanda muzu mtengo uliwonse udzafota. “Popanda Ine,” anatero Yehova, “inu simungakhoze kuchita kanthu.” Chikhulupiriro chikachotsedwa, tanthauzo lililonse la moyo ndi mphamvu zonse zochitira zabwino zimachotsedwa. Palibe malo omwe angamange zoyesayesa za munthu ndikuzimvetsetsa. Munthu samamva kuyandikira kwa Mulungu, sangamvetse ubwino Wake, Mulungu kachiwiri kwa iye ndi wolanga chabe wabodza. Kodi munthu woteroyo adzatembenukira kwa Mulungu? Ndipo ngati satembenuka ndiye kuti sangalandire chithandizo cha Mulungu, chisomo Chake. Choncho, atataya "diso limene limaunikira chikumbumtima chonse" (Cyril wa ku Yerusalemu), chikhulupiriro chake, munthu amataya chuma chake chonse chauzimu - ndikuwonongeka. Chochititsa chidwi pankhaniyi ndi zinthu zomwe Yehova amawonetsera olungama ndi ochimwa pa chiweruzo chomaliza. Pakali pano, mmene olungama, amene asunga chikhulupiriro chawo, amazizwa ndi chifundo cha Mulungu: “Udakuona iwe liti wanjala ndi kumwa? – Kwa ochimwa, chiweruzo cha Mulungu chikuwoneka ngati chosalungama: “Ndinakuona iwe liti wanjala, osakutumikira iwe? Mulungu amawonekera mwina ngati adani kwa iwo, kufuna, kuyang'ana chowiringula chowatsutsa iwo, kuwachotsera iwo chisangalalo chamuyaya. Oyamba anakhala ndi chikhulupiriro, choncho moyo wawo wonse wadzazidwa ndi kumverera kwa chifundo chosayenerera cha Mulungu, ndipo tsopano akuvomereza kusayenera kwawo. Otsatirawa, komabe, ataya chikhulupiriro chawo, samazindikira chifundo cha Mulungu, adangokhala okha, ndipo chifukwa chake tsopano akukwera ku chitetezo cha "I" wawo. Woyamba m’chikhulupiriro chawo nthawi zonse ankawona njira yopita kwa Mulungu itatseguka kwa iwo okha, chifukwa ankaona chifundo cha Mulungu. Poona izi, iwo nthawizonse ankakhumba kwa Mulungu ndipo nthawi zonse anali mu umodzi wauzimu ndi Iye: umodzi uwu, ndithudi, umakhala gawo lawo ngakhale atasiya moyo uno. Otsatirawo, atataya chikhulupiriro chawo, mwachibadwa nawonso adataya mphamvu zawo za mgwirizano wauzimu ndi Mulungu, adadzilekanitsa okha ndi Mulungu: chifukwa chake, ngakhale atasintha kupita kudziko lamtsogolo, alibe mphamvu yodzipereka kwa Mulungu, gawo lawo lili mkati. dziko lomvetsa chisoni la kudzikonda, limene likukukutirani mano ponena za imfa yake. , osapeza nyonga yakuvomereza ichi, ngakhale, monga munthu wolungama, m’malingaliro akuti adamva zowawa monga mwa chifuniro cha Mulungu ( Aroma 9:3 ).
Kotero, chikhulupiriro chinatsitsimutsa munthu, chikhulupiriro chinakula ndi kumuphunzitsa mu moyo wauzimu, chikhulupiriro chidzamutsogolera ku chisangalalo chamuyaya. Mwa kukhulupirira, munthu amavomereza pano chisomo cha Mulungu ndipo amakhoza kuvomereza chiyanjano ndi Mulungu, mosasamala kanthu kuti mpaka nthawiyo anali atakhala mu uchimo. Chikhulupiriro chomwecho m’chikondi cha Mulungu chidzathandiza munthu kusunga chiyanjano chimenechi ndi Mulungu mu ufumu umene ukubwerawo. Neil wa ku Sinai anati: “Pa tsiku lachiweruzo, ife eni tidzakhala otiimba mlandu, otsutsidwa ndi chikumbumtima chathu. Chotero, m’chochitika choipitsitsa chimenechi, kodi tidzapeza chitetezero china chirichonse kapena chithandizo, kusiyapo chikhulupiriro chimodzi mwa Ambuye wachifundo koposa Kristu? Chikhulupiriro ichi ndicho chitetezo chathu chachikulu, chithandizo chathu chachikulu, chitetezo ndi kulimba mtima kwathu, ndi yankho kwa iwo amene akhala osayankhidwa chifukwa cha unyinji wa machimo osaneneka.
Chikhulupiriro chomwe chimapulumutsa ndi chaulere komanso chachangu
Pofuna kupewa kusamvetsetsana, ziyenera kubwerezedwa pano kachiwiri kuti Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, poganiza mwachikhulupiriro dalitso lonse la munthu ndikulingalira chikhulupiriro monga chifukwa cha kukula kwauzimu kwa munthu, samalingalira chikhulupiriro ichi mu mawonekedwe a mtundu wina wa kudzikonda. mphamvu yochita zinthu, yomwe, ngati chinthu chopanda mphamvu, ikanakakamiza munthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuyanjana ndi Mulungu. Zoonadi, munthu wokhulupirira amaona chisomo cha Mulungu, chimene amapita nacho kukamenyana ndi uchimo. Komabe, chida cholandirira chisomo ichi si chidziwitso kapena kulingalira za chifundo cha Mulungu ndi kukonzekera kwake kukhululukira ndi kuthandiza, koma ndithudi chilakolako chaufulu ndi chisankho cha munthu. Mofananamo, chikhulupiriro ndi “wochita zabwino, maziko a khalidwe lolungama” chifukwa chakuti “ndicho chilolezo chaufulu cha moyo” (Clement wa ku Alexandria). Chikhulupiriro chimangolimbikitsa chifuniro cha munthu, koma sichimamumasula ku zoyesayesa zake. Macarius wa ku Egypt anati: “Simuyenera kungokhulupirira mwa Khristu kokha, komanso kumva zowawa, monga kwalembedwa: “Monga kunapatsidwa kwa inu … osati kukhulupirira Khristu kokha, komanso kumva zowawa chifukwa cha Iye” (Afil. . 1, 29 ) Kukhulupirira Mulungu yekha ndi khalidwe la anthu amene amaganiza kuti ali padziko lapansi, ngakhale, sindinganene, ndi mizimu yonyansa imene imanena kuti: “Tikudziwani Inu, amene ndinu Mwana wa Mulungu.” ( Mk. 1.24; Mt. 8.29). Chikhulupiriro chimafuna ufulu wosankha chabwino ndi kusankha kuchichita.
Osati ndi mbali yake yolingalira, osati monga mkhalidwe wa kuzindikira, chikhulupiriro chimapulumutsa munthu, kotero kuti munthu angakhoze kokha kukhala mopanda mphamvu kupeza chipulumutso chake, Chikhulupiriro chimapulumutsa ndi mbali yake yogwira ntchito, kutengapo mbali kosalekeza kwa chifuno chabwino mmenemo (Yohane 7:17). . Wokhulupirira m’chikhulupiriro chake amapeza kulimba mtima kwa kutembenukira kwa Mulungu ndipo, motero, kulowa m’chiyanjano ndi Mulungu, kulandira mgonero uwu. Wokhulupirira, wolimbikitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya Mulungu, amalakalaka moyo wa woyera mtima ndipo potero amauyambitsa. Chikhulupiriro m'lingaliro limeneli ndi "chiyambi cha chiyembekezo chathu ndi chiyambi cha chifundo chaumulungu kwa ife, monga khomo ndi njira" (Cyril waku Alexandria).
Chikhulupiriro ndi zochita
Kuti tionetse tanthauzo lenileni la chipulumutso limeneli (osati lamwambo), ndiponso pamene kuli kofunika kudziteteza ku zopeka za Chipulotesitanti, Tchalitchi chathu chimasankha njira ziwiri zimene zalembedwa kumadzulo, zimene zimati chipulumutso osati chikhulupiriro. wokha, koma kwa chikhulupiriro pamodzi ndi ntchito. . “Timakhulupirira,” akutero chiŵalo cha 13 cha Epistle of the Eastern Patriarchs, “kuti munthu amalungamitsidwa osati kokha mwa chikhulupiriro chokha (ie, monga momwe tidzaonera pambuyo pake, osati ndi mbali yake ya nthanthi, ya kuzindikira), koma mwa chikhulupiriro; mothandizidwa ndi chikondi (chikhulupiriro, monga mphamvu yogwira ntchito, chifukwa chimabala chikondi), mwachitsanzo, kudzera mu chikhulupiriro ndi ntchito… “Si mzimu, – makolo amafotokoza momveka bwino, chikhulupiriro chokha, koma chikhulupiriro chimene chili mwa ife. mwa ntchito amatilungamitsa ife mwa Khristu.” Chotero, mosakayika ndi chikhulupiriro chimene chimalungamitsa munthu, koma chikhulupiriro chenicheni chokha, chowona, chimene chimatsogolera munthu ku moyo weniweni, chimampangitsa iye kukwaniritsa chipulumutso chake. Chiphunzitso cha Rev. Theophan kuti chikhulupiriro chimapulumutsa ndi ntchito. “Chipulumutso,” akutero Woyera, “ku ntchito zabwino; koma sikutheka kuchita zabwino, monga kuyenera, popanda chikhulupiriro. Chikhulupiriro chimalimbikitsa ntchito zabwino, chikhulupiriro chimazilozera, chikhulupiriro chimatsogoleranso kupeza mphamvu zochitira ntchito zabwino. Choncho, chikhulupiriro ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndi ntchito, ndipo iye ndi phindu. " Choncho, chipulumutso chagona pa mfundo yakuti munthu amadzilenga yekha, koma samabwera ku chilengedwechi koma mwa chikhulupiriro.
A Orthodox sayenera kumvetsa tanthauzo limeneli mu njira ya Chikatolika, mwachitsanzo, kuti ndi ntchito munthu apeze chipulumutso chake. Zochita mwa izo zokha, monga machitidwe akunja kapena zolekanitsa, zilibe tanthauzo mu Chikhristu. Khalidwe limayamikiridwa pano kokha ngati chiwonetsero cha mayendedwe ofananirako a moyo, njira ina ya chifuniro, ngakhale, imakhudzanso mapangidwe amtunduwu. Kukambitsirana konse kwa pa Phiri kumamangidwa pa lingaliro la kusakwanira kwa ntchito imodzi yabwino yakunja ndi kufunika kwa kusintha kwa mkati, kumene kwenikweni kumatengera Ufumu wa Kumwamba kwa munthu. Chifukwa chake, chifundo chosonyezedwa kwa mneneri kapena wophunzira chimayamikiridwa kokha pamene chimasuliridwa “m’dzina la mneneri kapena wophunzira”, m’dzina la chikhulupiriro ( Mateyu 10:41-42 ). “Ngati,” akutero mtumwi Paulo, “ndikapereka chuma changa chonse, ndi kupereka thupi langa kulitenthedwa, koma ndiribe chikondi, sikupindula kanthu kwa ine” ( 1 Akorinto 13:3 ). Simungathe kuyang'ana kunja. Mtumwi akufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane: chenicheni cha chipulumutso sichiri m’ntchito zodziletsa, monga choncho, osati mu changu chakunja; ndi zopambana, ndi changu chiyenera kutuluka kuchokera ku moyo wobadwanso, wosinthika; ngati sali kanthu pamaso pa Mulungu (Aroma 4:2). Cifukwa cace kapena kuti ndalama ziŵiri za mkazi wamasiye zidzaposa unyinji wonse wa zopereka za olemera; ndipo wamsonkho wocimwa adzayandikira kwa Mulungu koposa Mfarisi wolungama; amene abwera pa ola la khumi ndi limodzi osachita kanthu adzalandira mphotho yofanana ndi ya iwo amene adagwira ntchito tsiku lonse ndi kupirira kutentha kwa usana. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azamalamulo, izi sizingafotokozedwe: ntchito zambiri zimafunikira mphotho zambiri (pokhapokha ngati timakana kuthekera kwa kukoma mtima kulikonse kwa munthu). Ndi Orthodox, izi sizikutanthauza kufotokoza: Ambuye akufuna kupulumutsa aliyense mofanana ndipo onse amafunitsitsa aliyense mofanana, koma munthu ali ndi chikhumbo cha Mulungu, kutha kuzindikira mgonero wake kwambiri, wina ali ndi zochepa. Zikatero, zingachitike kuti wongotembenuka kumene ndipo amene sanachite kalikonse adzakhala wofanana kapena wopambana mu mphotho ya munthu amene wakalamba m’chikhulupiriro ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Ufumu wa Mulungu si mphotho ya ntchito, koma chifundo choperekedwa kwa omvera ndi kupangidwa molingana ndi kulandiridwa kwa aliyense.
Choncho, funso n’lakuti pamene mzimu umalondoleredwa, zimene umafuna, mmene umakhalira. Ngati chikhumbo chake chili kwa Mulungu, ngati sichidzikhalira moyo, ndiye kuti, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zake zakunja, chili cholungama; ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha chikhululukiro chamtsogolo, ndipo ntchito ndi ntchito ndizofunikira pokhapokha kubwerera ndi kulimbitsa chikhumbochi. “Kubwezera,” akutero Isake Woyera wa ku Suriya, “silinso chifukwa cha ukoma, osati chifukwa cha ntchito, koma kudzichepetsa kobadwa mwa iwo. Ngati itayika, ndiye kuti yoyambayo idzakhala pachabe.
Moyo umapulumutsidwa osati ku ntchito zake zakunja, koma chifukwa umunthu wake wamkati umakonzedwanso, kuti mtima wake umakhala ndi Mulungu nthawi zonse. Inde, pa chiweruzo chomaliza bukhu la moyo wa aliyense lidzatsegulidwa, ndipo aliyense adzayankha pa zochita ndi mawu aliwonse, pa lingaliro lirilonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi lochepa bwanji ndi lokhalitsa: angwiro sangatchedwe kuti alibe ungwiro. Koma vumbulutso ili la moyo kwa ena lidzakhala kokha gwero la kudzichepetsa, lidzangowatsogolera iwo ku kuzindikira kwa chikhululukiro chosayenera, ndipo lidzawamanga kwambiri kwa Mulungu; kwa ena, chitsimikizo cha chikumbumtima pa chiweruzo chidzabweretsa kutaya mtima, ndipo potsirizira pake kuwachotsa kwa Mulungu ndi Ufumu. “Ndipo iwowa amapita ku chilango chosatha, koma olungama ku moyo wosatha.” Amene anatsogolera moyo wake kumene akupita, amapita kumeneko.
Kotero, mu chikhulupiriro - madalitso onse a Mkhristu. Chikhulupiriro sichiri chifukwa chokha, mphamvu yoyendetsa kukula kwa uzimu kwa munthu, koma ndi cholinga, mtima weniweni wa moyo wauzimu. Pamene chikhulupiriro chikukula, chikondi chimakula, pamene chikondi chikukula, chikhulupiriro chimakula: kukula kwa makhalidwe abwino kwa munthu kumapeza ponse paŵiri kuonekera kwake ndi zipatso zake m’kulimbitsa ndi kukula kwa chikhulupiriro. Chikhulupiriro chimalimbikitsa ntchito, ndipo chikhulupiriro chimakhala changwiro ndi ntchito (Yakobo 2:22). Chikhulupiriro ndiyedi alfa ndi omega wa moyo wamakhalidwe abwino, monganso Ambuye Mwiniwake, Amene chimawululira kwa munthu*. Kutsogolera ku chikondi, chimene maziko a moyo wosatha ( 1 Yohane 3:14; Yohane 17:26 ) Chotero chikhulupiriro chimapatsa munthu mwaŵi pano padziko lapansi kuti ayambe chisangalalo chosatha. Poloŵa m’dziko lotsatira, chikhulupiriro chimasanduka chidziwitso, ndipo chikondi, chimene chimagwirizanitsa munthu ndi Mulungu, chimapitirizabe mpaka muyaya.
cf. © M. Novoselov. Chipulumutso ndi chikhulupiriro malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Orthodox. Laibulale yachipembedzo ndi Filosofi. Nkhani. 31. Ubale wa St. Alexia, 1995. Lofalitsidwa malinga ndi malemba a kope la 1913.
