Chithunzi chojambula ma electron microscopy cha Kamptozoa, kanyama kakang'ono ka m'madzi. Ngongole: Dr. Natalia Shunatova. Ngongole: Dr. Natalia Shunatova
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa phyla anagawanika mofulumira kuposa momwe ankakhulupirira poyamba.
Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa ndi ma phyla awiri a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta m'madzi. Zimagwirizana ndi nkhono ndi ma clams (mollusks), nyongolotsi za bristle, nyongolotsi, ndi ma leeches (annelids), komanso nyongolotsi za riboni (nemertea). Akatswiri a zamoyo okhulupirira chisinthiko akhala akudabwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi malo ake enieni pamtengo wa moyo ndi mmene zamoyo zina zimenezi zimayenderana nazo. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adasintha malo awo pafupipafupi.
Kuwonjezera apo, ngakhale kuti Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa ankaganiziridwa kuti ali m'gulu limodzi, pambuyo pake analekanitsidwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo ndi maonekedwe awo. Tsopano, ofufuza a Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), pogwira ntchito ndi anzawo ochokera ku yunivesite ya St. Petersburg ndi yunivesite ya Tsukuba, asonyeza kuti phyla ziwirizi zimagawanika kuchokera ku mollusks ndi nyongolotsi kale kuposa momwe maphunziro am'mbuyomu adanenera, ndipo motero amapanga gulu losiyana. Kupeza kumeneku kunatheka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsogola komanso kusanthula kwamphamvu kowerengera.
"Tawonetsa kuti pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri tikhoza kuyankha funso lomwe lakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira zamakono," adatero Dr. Konstantin Khalturin, Staff Scientist mu OIST's Marine Genomics Unit komanso wolemba woyamba wa pepala lofalitsidwa. mu Kupita Patsogolo kwa Sayansi.
Dr. Konstantin Khalturin ndi Pulofesa Nori Satoh ndi awiri mwa ofufuza omwe akugwira nawo kafukufukuyu. Ngongole: OIST
Genome ndi chidziwitso chonse cha majini chomwe chimapezeka mu selo lililonse. Amagawidwa mu majini. Majini awa amapangidwa ndi DNA awiriawiri oyambira ndipo jini iliyonse ili ndi malangizo ofunikira kuti apange mapuloteni ndipo motero amatsogolera ku chisamaliro choyenera ndi kukonza selo. Kuti malangizowo atsatidwe, DNA iyenera kulembedwa kaye RNA. Cholembera ndi chotsatira cha izi, monga chiwonetsero cha genome koma cholembedwa mu RNA base pairs osati DNA.
Chidziwitso cha majinichi chimasiyana pakati pa zamoyo. Omwe ali pachibale amakhala ndi chidziwitso chofanana kwambiri cha majini, pomwe mtunda wokulirapo wa chisinthiko umabweretsa kusiyana kochulukirapo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi, ochita kafukufuku atithandiza kudziwa bwino za chisinthiko cha zinyama, koma mafunso ena amavutabe kuyankha.
Monga Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mollusks, annelids, ndi nemertea, zolakwika zazing'ono mu dataset, kapena kusowa deta, zingayambitse kuyika kolakwika pamtengo wosinthika. Kuphatikiza apo, posonkhanitsa tinyama ting'onoting'onozi, ndizosavuta kutola zamoyo zina, monga ndere, zomwe zimawononga chitsanzocho. Dr. Khalturin adawonetsa kuti anali osamala kuti asawonongedwe ndipo kenaka adayang'ana deta yawo ya RNA ya algae ndi nyama zazing'ono kuti achotse chilichonse chomwe chingakhale chochokera kwa iwo.
Maubwenzi osinthika a Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa ndi malo awo pamtengo wa moyo awululidwa mu phunziro latsopanoli. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti adagawanika kuchokera ku moluska ndi nyongolotsi kale kuposa momwe amayembekezera komanso kuti ali m'gulu lapadera, lotchedwa Polyzo. Ngongole: OIST
Pazonse, ochita kafukufukuwo adatsata zolemba za mitundu inayi ya Kamptozoa ndi mitundu iwiri ya Bryozoa, koma pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa momwe adakwaniritsidwira kale. Ngakhale ma dataset am'mbuyomu anali ndi 20-60% yathunthu, mu kafukufukuyu, kukwanira kwa zolemba zonse kunali kupitirira 96%.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zolembazi, adaneneratu za mapuloteni ndi kuwayerekeza ndi deta yofanana ya mitundu ina 31, yomwe ina inali yogwirizana kwambiri ndi Kamptozoa ndi Bryozoa, monga clams ndi bristle worms, ndi zina zomwe zinali kutali kwambiri, monga achule, starfish, tizilombo. , ndi jellyfish. Zolemba zamtundu wapamwamba zimatanthawuza kuti amatha kufananiza majini ambiri ndi mapuloteni nthawi imodzi. Dr. Khalturin adanenanso zamphamvu zowerengera zomwe ofufuza atha kuzipeza pa OIST.
"Kupeza kwathu kwakukulu ndikuti ma phyla awiri ali pamodzi," adatero Dr. Khalturin. “Chotsatirachi chinaperekedwa m’zaka za m’ma 19 ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amene ankaika nyama m’magulu mogwirizana ndi mmene zimaonekera.”
Ngakhale Dr. Khalturin adanena kuti funsoli tsopano layankhidwa ku luso labwino lomwe likupezeka, adawonetsanso kuti deta ikhoza kuyankha mafunso ena ofunikira achisinthiko-monga malo enieni a mollusks ndi annelids pamtengo wa moyo, ndi momwe moyo ulili. zosiyanasiyana.
Reference: "Polyzoa yabwerera: Zotsatira za ma jini athunthu pakuyika kwa Ectoprocta ndi Entoproc" ndi Konstantin Khalturin, Natalia Shunatova, Sergei Shchenkov, Yasunori Sasakura, Mayumi Kawamitsu ndi Noriyuki Satoh, 1 Julayi 2022, Kupita Patsogolo kwa Sayansi.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4400
