Kuti akhale ndi maso okongola ndi thupi loyera, ndalama zambiri zinkaperekedwa
Ndalamazi zinkadalira mmene anthu ankakhalira
Anthu okhala ku US amalipira misonkho kuboma pa matewera, mbale zachimbudzi, zovundikira kapu ya khofi, ngakhalenso mankhwala. Misonkho yamakono ya ku Russia sizovuta. Komabe, mbiri ya ku Russia ili ndi zachilendo, zachilendo komanso nthawi zina misonkho ndi chindapusa. Nazi zosangalatsa kwambiri mwa iwo.
mabafa
Mutha kuganiza kuti Peter ine sindimakonda anthu oyera. Apo ayi, munthu angafotokoze bwanji kuti mu 1704 adayambitsa msonkho pa malo osambira? Malipiro a chimneys ndi mapaipi osambira analipo ku Kievan Rus, koma pansi pa Peter I mu 1704 adakhala msonkho wokwanira wa boma pa malo osambira. Ndipotu, boma limalimbikitsa kumanga malo osambira "zamalonda" (anthu), kumene chuma chimalandira ndalama. Ndipo eni malo osambira aumwini ali ndi chosankha: kusamba m'madzi osambira kapena kulipira msonkho. Boyars, anthu a mawu ndi amalonda aakulu kulipira 3 rubles pachaka osambira kunyumba, olemekezeka wamba, amalonda ndi ansembe 1 ruble, wamba, asilikali, Cossacks ndi makochi 15 kopecks. Kumanga malo osambira atsopano popanda chilolezo cha boma kuli ndi chindapusa cha 50 rubles.
Ndevu
Amfumu sasiya ndi mabafa. Atabwerera kuchokera kuulendo wopita ku Ulaya, Peter I anaganiza zodziwitsa anthu chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya, makamaka kusintha maonekedwe ake m'njira ya ku Ulaya. Kotero, mu 1705 adayambitsa msonkho pa ndevu. Kuchuluka kwa malipiro kumatengera kalasi: kuvala ndevu kumawononga amalonda akuluakulu ma ruble 100 pachaka, olemekezeka, amalonda apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono, alembi ndi amisiri - ma ruble 60, makosi ndi makosi - ma ruble 30. Onse okhala ku Moscow, mosasamala kanthu za kalasi, amalipira ma ruble 30 pachaka kwa ndevu. Ansembe okha ndi amene salipidwa msonkho. Anthu akumudzi amatha kuvala ndevu kwaulere m'mudzimo, koma pakhomo la tawuni amalipira kopeck imodzi.
diso mtundu
Mu 1704, Peter I adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa misonkho yatsopano kwa anthu okhala m'chigawo cha Ufa. Zachilendo kwambiri ndi msonkho wapadera pa mtundu wa maso. Anthu amaso a buluu amalipira ndalama zokwana 39 kopecks pachaka, pomwe okhala m'chigawo cha bulauni amangopereka 6 kopecks ku Treasury. Msonkho ukhoza kufotokozedwa ndi chikhumbo chochepetsera chiwerengero cha anthu othawa kwawo kuchokera pakati pa dziko (Bashkirs am'deralo amakhala ndi maso a bulauni).
Salt
Misonkho yamchere ku Russia ili ndi mbiri yakale. Dongosolo lopangira ndalama kuchokera ku mankhwalawa limasintha nthawi zambiri. Mchere umapangidwa ndi makampani opanga mchere a boma komanso omwe amalipira msonkho. Mu February 1646, boma linasintha misonkho, ndikuyambitsa msonkho watsopano wamtengo wapatali pamtengo wa kopecks 20 pa pood (16.38 kg). Mtengo wa mchere udakwera kasanu - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 5 kopecks pa poud. Mu December 25, msonkhowo unathetsedwa chifukwa amalonda ambiri anakana kugulitsa mchere. Kenako boma linapereka msonkho wa katundu. Mlingowu umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera kuchokera ku 1647 mpaka 8 kopecks pa pood, ndipo ndalamazo zimapangidwira kuthandizira kupanga mchere m'madera angapo.
machesi
Misonkho yamtengo wapatali pamasewera ku Russia yakhazikitsidwa kangapo. Poyamba, msonkho wa zoyatsira unayambitsidwa mu 1849 pamtengo wa ruble 1 pa zidutswa 1000 zilizonse. Kupanga machesi kumaloledwa kokha ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, ndipo malipiro amapita ku bajeti za mzinda. Mu 1859 kupanga machesi kunaloledwa kulikonse, ndipo msonkho wa msonkho unathetsedwa.
Wopanda mwana
Misonkho yotchuka kwambiri ku USSR ndi msonkho wopanda mwana, womwe unayambitsidwa mu 1941. Chifukwa chovomerezeka chinali kukopa ndalama zowonjezera zothandizira amayi omwe ali ndi ana ambiri. Amuna opanda ana azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 50 ndi amayi opanda ana azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 45 ayenera kupereka 5% ya malipiro awo ku boma. Msonkho wa ma ruble 100 pachaka (omwe amapeza pafupifupi ma ruble 220 pamwezi) amaperekedwa kwa alimi ophatikizana komanso eni ake omwe ali ndi famu. Ogwira ntchito zankhondo ndi akazi awo, ophunzira a sekondale ndi maphunziro apamwamba - amuna osakwana zaka 25 ndi akazi osakwana zaka 23, opuma pantchito ndi anthu omwe kubadwa kwa mwana kumatsutsana chifukwa cha thanzi ndipo akazi awo salipidwa.
Military levy
Misonkho yankhondo inayambika pa January 1, 1942 kuti apeze ndalama zowonjezera zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi. Amalipidwa ndi nzika zonse za USSR zomwe zafika zaka 18, kupatulapo asilikali, mamembala a mabanja awo, olumala, opuma pantchito opanda ndalama zowonjezera komanso nzika zomwe zilibe ndalama zodziimira. Kuchuluka kwa msonkho wankhondo kumadalira ndalama. M’zaka za nkhondoyo, ma ruble oposa 72.1 biliyoni anasonkhanitsidwa.
Masewera
Misonkho pa zowonera za anthu onse ndi zosangalatsa zinayambika mu 1918. Amalipidwa poyendera malo owonetserako mafilimu, mafilimu, mabwalo a masewera ndi malo ena osangalatsa ndipo amasiyana ndi kopecks 10 mpaka 1/3 ya mtengo wa tikiti. Kuyambira 1942, mabizinesi ndi mabungwe amalipira msonkho wa zosangalatsa pamitengo ngati kuchuluka kwa risiti (5% mpaka 55%) kuchokera kumasewera olipidwa ndi ma circus, mpikisano wamasewera. Mu 1975, chindapusacho chinathetsedwa, ndikusunga msonkho pama risiti owonetsera mafilimu pa 55% yamalisiti onse.
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