Dziko la Russia lakhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano mu 2022 pa ndawala yake yozunza a Mboni za Yehova

JW. Ntchito yozunza Mboni za Yehova ikupitirizabe chaka chino, makhoti a ku Russia analamula kuti a Mboni za Yehova oposa 40 pa 45 alionse (32) akhale m’ndende kuposa chaka chatha (115). Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pa nthawi imodzi, amuna ndi akazi okwana 2017 akhale m’ndende, chiwerengero chochuluka kwambiri kuchokera pamene Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri mu XNUMX linapereka chigamulo choletsa ntchito ya Mboni za Yehova.

"Russia tsopano ikuwonetsa chochitika chatsopano chamanyazi," akuti Rachel Denber, wachiwiri kwa director wa Human Rights Watch ku Europe ndi Central Asia Division. “Palibe amene ayenera kuthera mphindi imodzi akuzengedwa mlandu, ngakhalenso m’ndende, chifukwa chofotokoza mwamtendere zikhulupiriro zake zachipembedzo. Sitinachedwe kusiya zizoloŵezi zopondereza ndi zosaloleka zimenezi, kumasula anthu onse amene ali m’ndende chifukwa cha chipembedzo chawo chamtendere, ndiponso kuthetsa chigamulo chodziwika bwino cha Khoti Lalikulu loletsa Mboni za Yehova.” (pa ndemanga za akatswiri owonjezera 11 ochokera ku Europe, Russia, ndi US, onani mutu waung'ono pansipa: Kodi akatswiri akuganiza chiyani?)

Chizunzo chakula, ngakhale kuti mu June 2022 Khoti Loona za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe linapereka chigamulo chosaiwalika chimene Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya linagamula kuti kuletsa a Mboni za Yehova mu 2017 ndi kuphwanya popanda zifukwa zomveka mapangano a mayiko okhudza za ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu amene ayenera kuthetsedwa. Khotilo linalamula kuti dziko la Russia liyimitse milandu yonse imene a Mboni za Yehova ankazengedwa komanso kuti atulutse amene ali m’ndende. [Onani tsa. 85, §11 ya chiweruzo (kugwirizana).] Milungu ingapo yapitayo, Mlembi Wamkulu wa Bungwe Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya analimbikitsa dziko la Russia kuti ligwirizane ndi chigamulo cha Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya komanso kuti lisinthe ntchito yoletsa Mboni za Yehova. [Onani tsa. 2 ya kalata (kugwirizana).]

A Jarrod Lopes, omwe amalankhula m’malo mwa Mboni za Yehova anati: 

“Kuyambira mu 2017, akuluakulu a boma la Russia aika a Mboni oposa 500 m’gulu la anthu ochita zinthu monyanyira komanso zigawenga. Dziko la Russia likugwiritsa ntchito molakwika malamulo ake oletsa anthu kuchita zinthu monyanyira poletsa, kuwatsekera m’ndende komanso nthawi zina kumenya ndi kuzunza a Mboni za Yehova. Ndizovuta kukhulupirira kuti kuphwanya kosaphimbika kumeneku kwapitilira zaka zisanu. Akatswiri ambiri ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, akuluakulu a boma, komanso makhoti akuluakulu avomereza kuti a Mboni za Yehova ndi nzika zamtendere komanso zomvera malamulo ndipo ndi ochita zinthu monyanyira, choncho akhala akudzudzula dziko la Russia mobwerezabwereza chifukwa choletsa tsankho. A Mboni za Yehova padziko lonse akufunitsitsa kuona okhulupirira anzawo ku Russia akutulutsidwa m’ndende n’cholinga choti akhale omasuka kulera ana awo, kukhala ndi ufulu wothandiza m’madera awo komanso kuti azilambira momasuka monga mmene alili m’mayiko oposa 230 padziko lonse.”

* Kukhala pamndandandawo—umene umapezeka kwa anthu onse—kumawachititsa manyazi ndipo kwalepheretsa ambiri kupeza ntchito. Zotsatira zina zolemetsa ndi monga kutsekereza maakaunti awo aku banki komanso kukhala ndi vuto lopeza kapena kukonzanso inshuwaransi, kugulitsa katundu, kuyang'anira mabizinesi, kulandira cholowa, ngakhalenso kugula ma SIM khadi amafoni.

Kuzunza kwa Russia kwa ma JW mu 2022 ndi manambala (kuyambira pa Disembala 23, 2022)

• 121 anapezeka olakwa pazimene amati ndi oopsa ndipo anagamulidwa zilango zosiyanasiyana. Chiwerengerochi chikuchulukirachulukira—18 mu 2019; 39 mu 2020; ndipo 111 mu 2021
• 45 anagamulidwa kuti akhale m'ndende okwana 250 zaka m'ndende. Izi ndizoposa a 40% yowonjezera kwa 32 omwe adaweruzidwa kukhala m'ndende mu 2021
  • 35 mwa 45 aja anatsekeredwa m’ndende zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi
• Mu September 2022, chiwerengero cha Mboni zimene zinali m’ndende panthaŵi ina chinali chochepa kupitirira 100 kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira chigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu la 2017. Pofika pa Dec. 23, 2022, panali a nsonga ya 115 kuseri kwa mipiringidzo
  • 19 kundende ndi opitirira zaka 60
  • Lakale is Boris Andreev, wazaka 71, kuchokera ku Primorye Territory. Anali ndi zaka 70 pomwe adalamulidwa kuti akakhale m'ndende mu Okutobala 2022 (kugwirizana)
  • Chiganizo chankhanza kwambiri mu 2022 ndi Zaka 7 kwa Andrey Vlasov, yemwe ali wolumala ndipo amavutika kuti azisamalira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku popanda kuthandizidwa (kugwirizana ku vidiyo)
  • Zokwanira 367 okhulupirira akhala nthawi yayitali m'ndende kuyambira Meyi 2017
• 200 kusaka kwa nyumba za JW komwe kunachitika chaka chino 39 madera aku Russia
  • pa 1,800 Nyumba zafufuzidwa kuyambira chiletso cha 2017, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti afufuze milandu kapena milandu yopitilira 670 Mboni
• Milandu yopalamula Mboni za Yehova yazengedwa 72 zigawo za Russia pakutha kwa 2022 - izi ndi ziwiri kuposa 2021

Kodi akatswiri amaganiza chiyani?

Alexander Verkhovsky, mkulu wa SOVA Center for Information and Analysis ya Moscow, yemwe kale anali membala wa Bungwe la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe la Russia.zamera)

” Kukula ndi nkhanza za kukakamizidwa zikukula. Chaka chatha tinali ndi ziyembekezo zina, kuti kampeni yopondereza ikhoza kuchepetsa pang'ono, koma tinali kulakwitsa. Kulimbana ndi ma JWs ndikodabwitsa kwambiri. Ndinganene kuti zomwe zikuchitika chaka chino zikutipangitsa kukhulupirira kuti ndewuyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa olamulira athu, ngati awononga ndalama zambiri zachitetezo - ngakhale panthawi yankhondo."

Willy Fautré, woyambitsa ndi director of Brussels-based Human Rights Without Frontiers (zamera)

” A Mboni za Yehova ndi gulu lachipembedzo limene lazunzidwa kwambiri ku Russia kuyambira pamene linaletsedwa mu 2017 ndipo anawalanda ufulu wosonkhana, wosonkhana, wolambira komanso wolankhula. Ziwerengero za kukula kwa kuponderezana ndi zosokoneza. Ufulu wachipembedzo kapena chikhulupiriro ndiye maziko a ufulu wonse. Kuzunzidwa kwa Mboni za Yehova kunali chizindikiro chakuti anthu a ku Russia amene akufuna kukhala ndi demokalase ndi ufulu wolankhula adzatheratu chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa boma la Pulezidenti Putin ndipo kenako n’kulowa m’nkhondo yopanda nzeru. Ku Russia, omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi mabungwe angapo okha ndi omwe analimba mtima kunena kuti ufulu wawo ulemekezedwe koma pafupifupi mawu onsewo sanathedwe. Otsutsa awo adamangidwa ndikutsekeredwa m'ndende kapena alibe chochita china kuposa kuthawira kunja. Mabungwe awo aletsedwa kapena kutsekedwa mokakamiza. Amatchedwa "ogwira ntchito zakunja" ndipo adayenera kuyika mtundu wa "yellow star" wodziwika bwino wa ku Russia pamasamba awo ndi zofalitsa zawo zonse.

Sharon Kleinbaum, Commissioner ku United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (zamera)

” Chaka chino, dziko la Russia lapitirizabe kuzunza a Mboni za Yehova mosadziwika bwino, ndipo Mboni za Yehova zachuluka kwambiri kuposa kale lonse ndipo zikukhala m’ndende kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa chotsatira zimene amakhulupirira. Palibe chifukwa chomveka chochitira nkhanza zimene dziko la Russia likuchita pozunza Mboni za Yehova ndi zipembedzo zina zing’onozing’ono chifukwa amati ndi ‘zankhanza’. Boma la Russia liyenera kusiya mchitidwe wake wonena zabodza kuti magulu achipembedzo ndi ‘ochita zinthu monyanyira’ ndi kulola ufulu wachipembedzo kapena zikhulupiriro kwa aliyense.”

Doug Bandow, mkulu wa bungwe la Cato Institute, katswiri wa ndondomeko zakunja ndi ufulu wa anthu (zamera)

” Ku Russia kukupitirizabe kuzunzidwa kwa Mboni za Yehova popanda chifukwa. Boma la Vladimir Putin likuwopsezedwa, koma chifukwa cha khalidwe lake loipa, osati zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo za kagulu kakang'ono kachipembedzo kamene kakhala mbuzi yaposachedwa kwambiri ya ulamuliro wake waupandu. Moscow iyenera kusiya kulanga awo amene akungofuna kutumikira Mulungu m’njira yawoyawo. Ochirikiza ufulu wachipembedzo padziko lonse ayenera kuteteza amene ali m’ndende chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo.”

Emily Baran, wapampando wa dipatimenti ya mbiri yakale ku Middle Tennessee State University, Russia komanso katswiri wokhudzana ndi matchalitchi ndi boma, wolemba Kusagwirizana Ndi Ma Margins: Momwe a Mboni za Soviet Adanyozera Chikomyunizimu Ndi Moyo Wawo Kulalikira Za Izi (zamera)

” Dziko la Russia likupitiriza kuona kuti zipembedzozi ndi zigawenga zoopsa ngakhale kuti palibe umboni wotsimikizira zimenezi. Komanso a Mboni za Yehova akuimbidwa milandu yophwanya malamulo komanso kutsekeredwa m’ndende kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha zimene anachitazi, osati kungouzana za chikhulupiriro chawo ndi madera awo. Chizunzochi chikufanana ndi mmene ankachitira nkhanza a Mboni mu nthawi ya Soviet Union, ndipo dziko la Russia siligwirizana ndi mayiko a demokalase. Mboni ndi gulu lachipembedzo lodziwika ndi lodziwika ku Ulaya. Zimene dziko la Russia likuchita pa anthuwa ndi kuphwanya ufulu wawo wa anthu, zimene Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya linapereka chigamulo chake pa nkhani yoletsa lamulo la Russia. 2023 ikuyenera kubweretsanso zofanana: kuyang'anira, kuzunzidwa, kuimbidwa mlandu, ndi kumangidwa. Ngati mbiri ingakutsogolereni, ndiye kuti zonsezi n’zokayikitsa kuti cholinga cha dziko la Russia chochotsa Mboni za Yehova m’dziko lawo n’kosatheka.”

Natalia Arno, woyambitsa ndi pulezidenti wa Free Russia Foundation (zamera)

” Anthu a ku Russia ofunafuna Mulungu amene amatsatira zimene Mboni za Yehova zimaphunzitsa akukumana ndi nkhanza komanso kuponderezedwa kwambiri masiku ano mu ulamuliro wa Putin. Mu 2022 mokha, okhulupirira 45 adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 250; ndipo 121 anapezeka olakwa pamilandu yosiyanasiyana. Uku ndi kuwonjezereka kwa 40% kuchokera pa kuzunzidwa kwa ndale kwa Mboni za Yehova mu 2021. Milandu yonseyi njopanda chilungamo ndi yosagwirizana ndi malamulo, ndipo milandu yawo ndi yabodza. Mlandu wokha wa a Mboni ndiwo kutsatira zikhulupiriro zawo komanso kuchita zinthu mwamseri ndi mwamtendere m’chipembedzo chawo.”

Sir Andrew Wood, kazembe waku Britain ku Russia 1995-2000zamera)

” Olamulira a ku Russia masiku ano amadalira mantha ndi kukakamizidwa ndi mabungwe achitetezo amene amayankha kwa iwo, osati mabungwe odziimira okha. Chitetezo chawo ku zionetsero zapagulu chakhala chikuyendetsedwa ndi mabodza olimbikira, kuletsa malingaliro onse osatsimikiziridwa ndi a Kremlin, komanso kuzunzidwa kwa otsutsa. Zotsatira zake zapha dzikoli komanso kuwonjezereka kwa kuponderezana kwa nzika zake. "Ntchito yapadera" ya Purezidenti Putin motsutsana ndi Ukraine yalowa muulamuliro wa boma lake kwa anthu aku Russia omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi osakhulupirika, ngakhale osatsimikizika kapena osatheka. A Mboni za Yehova anali kale pachiwopsezo cholangidwa dziko la Russia lisanalole mu 2022 kukhala dziko lokhazikika pazifukwa zankhondo, komanso njira zankhanza zowachitira nkhanza. Olamulira ake sanasamalire kwenikweni zofuna zawo kapena miyoyo ya anthu amene ali muutumiki wawo, ngakhalenso aja amene amati ndi “abale” awo a ku Ukraine amene akukana kuukira kwa Russia. Mboni za Yehova sizimenya nkhondo, koma tsopano zikuipidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanza zimene dziko likulimbana nalo ndipo likuopa tsogolo lake.”

Andrew Weiss, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa maphunziro ku Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa National Security Council ku Russia, Ukraine, ndi Eurasian Affairs (zamera)

” Panthaŵi imene nkhondo ya ku Ukraine ikulamulira maganizo a opanga malamulo a Kumadzulo kwa (zifukwa zomveka bwino ndi zomveka), n’kofunika kuti tisaiwale mfundo yakuti kuipa kwa ufulu wa anthu m’dziko la Russia kukuchitika m’mbali zingapo. Kugwa kwa kulemekeza ufulu wachipembedzo kwa akuluakulu a boma la Russia monga chitsanzo chofunika kwambiri. Kumangidwa popanda zifukwa zomveka ndiponso chilango chokhwima m’ndende kwa Mboni za Yehova n’kokhumudwitsa kwambiri.”

Dawid Bunikowski, katswiri woyendera pa yunivesite ya Eastern Finland's School of Theology, wophunzira pa Cardiff School of Law and Politics' Center for Law and Religion (zamera)

” Kuzunzidwa kwa Mboni za Yehova ku Russia kukukulirakulira komanso kochititsa mantha. Ma JWs akhala akuwonedwa ngati "ochita monyanyira" kuyambira 2017 (malinga ndi lamulo la 2002 loletsa kuchita zinthu monyanyira). Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linaletsa ntchito zawo. Tsopano ambiri a iwo atsekeredwa m’ndende, kumangidwa, ndi kuweruzidwa kukhala m’ndende. Nyumba zawo zawonongedwa. Izi zonse ndi zopanda umunthu, zotsutsana ndi ulemu waumunthu, ndipo zidzatsutsidwa ndi njira zonse. Sizotsutsana ndi malamulo a mayiko (ndime 18 ya 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Article 9 ya European Convention of Human Rights) ndi Constitution of the Russian Federation (art. 28) monga onse amatsimikizira ufulu wachipembedzo, koma izi ndi zotsutsana ndi malingaliro wamba. Ngakhale achikulire amatsekeredwa m’ndende. Zachiyani? Kuimba nyimbo, kuphunzira Baibulo ndi kupemphera pamodzi m’nyumba za anthu. Zimenezi n’zopusa kuti anthu amalangidwa chifukwa cholambira mseri. Izi zimabweretsa funso: chifukwa chiyani? Palibe chifukwa chomveka chomwe Russia ikuchitira ma JWs zomwe akuchita. M’makalasi anga okhudza zovuta ndi mikangano yachipembedzo ndi malamulo ku Ulaya (ku yunivesite ya Kum’maŵa kwa Finland), timaphunzira za chizunzo chimenechi. Atawerenga zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chizunzo, ophunzira anga ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi miyambo yachipembedzo sangathe kuyankha chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika zomwe zikuchitika. Komabe, zodziwikiratu zathu ndi zolondola: ma JWs ku Russia amatha kuwonedwa ngati wothandizila waku Western, waku America (kutanthauza kukhala "wokayikira" kapena, kazitape) mugulu la Orthodox ndi post-Soviet (lokhala ndi gulu lankhondo). zambiri za "cultural Orthodox", white Russian nationalism). Funso ndiloti Putin adalamula kuzunzidwa kumeneku kapena ayi. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, iye anadabwa ndi kukula kwa chizunzo. Koma ayenera kuti ananama kuti sankadziwa zinthu. Kuzunzidwa kungakhale gawo la nkhondo ya "chitukuko" ya Russia motsutsana ndi US / Kumadzulo. Popeza pali nkhondo ku Ukraine, ndiye zikuwoneka zovuta kulankhula za mavuto ena mayiko m'munda. Koma choyenera chingakhale: Choyamba, Russia iyenera kusintha chigamulo cha 2017. Khothi Lalikulu likhoza "kuletsa" izo. Komanso, Russia ikhoza kusintha momveka bwino lamulo la Yarovaya la 2016 (bilu yosintha lamulo la 2002) kuti apewe zigamulo zoterezi. Ma JW sayenera kuwonedwa ngati ochita zinthu monyanyira. Sali zigawenga koma ndi anthu amtendere amene amalambira Mulungu. Zonsezi zikanakhala sitepe yofunikira yamalamulo. Zingayambitse kuchita zinthu zina. Chachiwiri, anthu omangidwa kapena kuweruzidwa ayenera kumasulidwa. Ayenera kumasulidwa. Ngakhale malipiro a kulandidwa ufulu mosaloledwa ayenera kulipidwa pambuyo pake (koma izi zikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri ku Russia). Chachitatu, dziko la Russia liyenera kupepesa mwalamulo ma JWs chifukwa cha chizunzo ndipo alole ma JWs kulembetsa ngati gulu lachipembedzo malinga ndi lamulo la 1997 lokhudza mabungwe azipembedzo. Chachinayi, dziko la Russia liyenera kubweza nyumba zonse zolandidwa ndi katundu wa a JW. Malipiro a zotayika ayenera kulipidwanso. Chachisanu, ma JW ayenera kuchita momasuka ngati gulu. Ufulu wawo wachipembedzo uyenera kutetezedwa monga momwe malamulo a dziko la Russia amanenera. Asamangidwe chifukwa cha mapemphero awo. Nyumba zawo siziyenera kulandidwanso posakasaka zinthu “zoopsa”. Lolani Russia awasiye mumtendere ndipo azipemphera momasuka. Koma panopa palibe chiyembekezo chilichonse.

Elizabeth Clark, wotsogolera wothandizira wa Brigham Young University's International Center for Law and Religion Studies, International Human Rights and European Unionzamera)

” Gulu la Mboni za Yehova, lomwe ndi lodana ndi nkhondo, lakhala likuzunzidwa kwambiri ku Russia chifukwa chotsatira ufulu wawo wachipembedzo kapena chipembedzo. Izi zikuphwanya zomwe dziko la Russia likuchita potsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso malamulo ake omwe.”

Eric Patterson, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Religious Freedom Institute, wamkulu wakale wa Regent University's Robertson School of Government (zamera)

” Kupitirizabe ku Russia kuzunza Mboni za Yehova monga ‘zigawenga’ zomwe zikuwopseza chitetezo cha dziko la Russia ndi kupanda chilungamo ndiponso kupanda nzeru. Kumachititsa kuti anthu azikhala mwamantha komanso asamayende bwino.”