Peter R. Breggin MD ndi wokonzanso moyo wonse yemwe amadziwika kuti "Chikumbumtima cha Psychiatry" chifukwa chotsutsa zamaganizo a zamoyo komanso kulimbikitsa kwake njira zogwira mtima, zachifundo, komanso zamakhalidwe abwino zamaganizo, maphunziro, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo ndi olumala. . Anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Harvard College ndi Honours ndipo maphunziro ake amisala adaphatikizapo Teaching Fellowship ku Harvard Medical School. Kutsatira maphunziro ake, adakhala Katswiri Wanthawi Zonse ku US Public Health Service ku NIH, adatumizidwa ku National Institute of Mental Health. Kuyambira pamenepo, waphunzitsa m'mayunivesite angapo, kuphatikiza a Johns Hopkins, George Mason, ndi University of Maryland, komanso ku Washington School of Psychiatry.
ECT imagwira ntchito powononga ubongo. ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi awiri kumutu kuti adutse magetsi muubongo ndi cholinga chopangitsa munthu kukomoka kwambiri kapena kukomoka. Njirayi nthawi zonse imawononga ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zonse pakhale chikomokere kwakanthawi ndipo nthawi zambiri mafunde aubongo amanjenjemera, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha kufa kwaubongo.
Pambuyo pa ECTs imodzi, ziwiri kapena zitatu, zoopsazi zimayambitsa zizindikiro za kupwetekedwa mutu kwambiri kapena kuvulala kuphatikizapo mutu, nseru, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka maganizo, kutaya umunthu, ndi kusakhazikika maganizo. Zotsatira zovulazazi zimakula ndipo zina zimakhala zachikhalire pamene chithandizo chachizolowezi chikupita patsogolo.
ECT inachokera ku 1938. Zosintha zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1960s ndipo si zatsopano kapena zotetezeka. Zosintha izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyambitsa khunyu. Zotsatira zake, ECT yamakono imafuna mphamvu yamagetsi komanso yowononga kwambiri.
CHOLINGA CHA ECT NDIKUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KAPENA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KWAMBIRI. NTHAWIYI NTHAWI ZONSE ZIMENE ZINACHITIKA NDI UBONGO NDI KUPANGA KUSINTHA MAGANIZO.
ECT imagwira ntchito powononga ubongo. Kuvulala koyambirira kungayambitse chisangalalo chochita kupanga chomwe madokotala a ECT amachitcha molakwika kusintha. Pambuyo pa ma ECT angapo achizolowezi, munthu wowonongeka amakhala wosasamala, wosayanjanitsika, wosakhoza kumva maganizo enieni, ngakhale robotic. Kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira ndi kusokonezeka kumawonjezereka. Munthu wopanda thandizo ameneyu amalephera kufotokoza zakukhosi kapena kudandaula ndipo amakhala wodekha komanso wotha kuwongolera. Madokotala a ECT molakwika amatcha izi kusintha koma zikuwonetsa kuvulala koopsa komanso kolepheretsa ubongo.
Zotsatira zamuyaya za ECT
ECT imasokoneza kukumbukira kosatha ndipo imayambitsa zizindikiro zina zanthawi yayitali za kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe monga kuvutikira kukhazikika komanso kuphunzira kwatsopano. Zikumbukiro za zochitika zofunika zakale nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka kapena kuthetsedwa, kuphatikiza maukwati, masiku akubadwa, tchuthi, maphunziro, kusamalira m'nyumba kapena luso laukadaulo. Kudzimva kapena kudzizindikiritsa kungathetsedwa, ndipo achibale kaŵirikaŵiri amanena kuti wokondedwa wawo “sanakhalenso chimodzimodzi.” Kafukufuku wotsatira akuwonetsa kuti ECT yagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzunza akazi popanga
ofatsa ndi omvera.
Kafukufuku wambiri wa nyama akuwonetsa kuti ECT yachipatala imayambitsa kukha magazi pang'ono muubongo wonse komanso ma cell kufa. Zomwe zangopezeka kumene za ECT zochititsa kuti neurogenesis (kukula kwa maselo atsopano aubongo) sikupindulitsa koma kumatsimikizira kuvulala kwaubongo. Neurogenesis ndikuyankha kuwonongeka kwaubongo kuchokera pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikiza Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
ECT si njira yomaliza chifukwa siigwira ntchito ndipo ikhoza kuwononga kuchira. ECT sichimaletsa kudzipha, koma ikhoza kuyambitsa. Kulamulidwa
mayesero azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti ECT ilibe phindu kuposa sham ECT (mankhwala oletsa ululu popanda kugwedezeka).
ECT SIKUPEZA KUDZIPHA, KOMA ZIMACHITITSA Peter Breggin MD
ECT imasokoneza moyo wamalingaliro panthawi yovulala kwambiri muubongo kwa pafupifupi milungu inayi, kenako munthuyo amakhalabe wokhumudwa ndi
kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Umboni wochuluka umasonyeza kuti ECT iyenera kuletsedwa. Chifukwa ECT imawononga kuthekera kochita ziwonetsero, ECT yonse imangokhala yodziyimira pawokha ndipo motero mwachibadwa imakhala yankhanza komanso ufulu waumunthu kuphwanya. Choncho, pamene ECT yayamba kale, achibale okhudzidwa kapena ena ayenera kulowererapo nthawi yomweyo kuti asiye, ngati kuli kofunikira ndi loya.
ECT IKUWONONGA MPHAMVU YOPHUNZITSA. ACT ONSE MWANG'ONO AMAKHALA OBWERA NDIPONSO WACHIWAWA.
M'malo mwa ECT, anthu ovutika maganizo ndi osokonezeka kwambiri amafunikira munthu wabwino, maanja, kapena chithandizo chabanja. Achibale ayenera kutenga nawo mbali pa chithandizo ndi okondedwa awo omwe ali ndi nkhawa.
Popeza mankhwala amisala nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kapena kukulitsa kukhumudwa, nkhawa ndi psychosis, nthawi zonse ganizirani kusiya mankhwala onse amisala.
kupyolera mu kuchoka koyang'aniridwa bwino.
Kukhala wopanda mankhwala amisala nthawi zambiri ndiko kuyamba kuchira. Onani Peter R. Breggin, MD, Psychiatric mankhwala Kuchotsa: Buku la Olembera, Othandizira, Odwala ndi Mabanja Awo (2013).
Mfundo Zofunika Kuzikumbukira
ECT si njira yomaliza chifukwa siigwira ntchito ndipo ikhoza kuwononga chiyembekezo chilichonse cha kuchira kwamtsogolo.
Pambuyo pa ECT imodzi kapena zingapo, munthu wovulala ndi ubongo amakhala wodekha komanso wosokonezeka kuti asatsutse kapena kukana. Chifukwa chake achibale, anthu okhudzidwa, oyimira milandu, kapena maloya ayenera kulowererapo kuti apewe kuvulala kochulukirapo. Palibe chovulaza chomwe chingabwere chifukwa choletsa kugwedezeka
chithandizo, koma kuvulazidwa kowonjezereka kudzachitika mosapeŵeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma ECT.
Chifukwa nthawi zonse zimakhala zongodzipereka komanso chifukwa zimawononga kwambiri ubongo ndi malingaliro, ECT iyenera kuletsedwa.
Momwe Mungapezere Zothandizira
Zomwe zili mu lipotili zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba zasayansi zoposa 125 ndi zida zina zofunikira pa Dr. Peter Breggin's “ECT Resources Center” yomwe imapezeka kwaulere pa intaneti pa www.ectresources.org.
Mndandanda wazomwe uli ndi mawu osaka ngati "kukumbukira kukumbukira” ndi “kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.” Kwa mutu wa buku lazachipatala la Dr. Breggin pa ECT onani bukhu lake, Chithandizo Cholemetsa Ubongo mu Psychiatry: Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, Electroshock ndi Psychopharmaceutical Complex, Edition Yachiwiri, New York, Springer Publishing Company, 2008.
Chilolezo chaperekedwa kuti chisindikizenso ndi kugawira bukuli mu hardcopy kapena mawonekedwe a digito malinga ngati ndi laulere komanso kukoperako kuphatikizidwa.
Copyright 2013 ndi Peter R. Breggin MD.
