Malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano, DNA yochokera ku ma virus omwe angopezedwa kumene ndi ofanana ndi DNA ya virophages, kutanthauza kuti ma virus amatha kutetezedwa ku ma virus akuluakulu chifukwa cha ma virus "ophatikizidwa" omwe amakhala m'ma genome awo.
Pofufuza majeremusi a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta selo imodzi, gulu la ofufuza linatulukira modabwitsa: masauzande a mavairasi omwe poyamba sankadziwika anali "obisika" mu DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti DNA ya ma virus opitilira 30,000 ophatikizidwa m'maselo amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaselo amodzi, amatero mu kafukufuku wawo watsopano. Amalongosola kuti ma virus a DNA amatha kuloleza selo lokhala ndi kachilombo kubwereza ma virus athunthu, ogwira ntchito.
"Tidadabwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ma virus omwe tidapeza pakuwunikaku," adatero wolemba wamkulu Christopher Bellas, katswiri wazachilengedwe yemwe amaphunzira za ma virus pa yunivesite ya Innsbruck ku Austria. “Nthawi zina, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya DNA ya tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso imapangidwa ndi mavairasi obisika.”
"Ma virus awa samawoneka kuti amadwalitsa omwe amawalandira ndipo angakhale opindulitsa," ofufuzawo anawonjezera. Ena mwa mavairasi atsopanowa amafanana ndi ma virophages, mtundu wa kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa ma virus ena omwe amayesa kupatsira selo lokhalako.
"Chifukwa chiyani ma virus ambiri amapezeka m'magulu a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sichikudziwikabe," akutero Bellas. "Lingaliro lathu lotsimikizika kwambiri ndikuti amateteza selo kuti lisatengeke ndi ma virus omwe ali owopsa kwa ilo.
Kukhala Padziko Lapansi kumatanthauza kulimbana ndi ma virus - zinthu zodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zimapatsira mtundu uliwonse wamoyo. Ndiwosiyana kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito ma cell awo.
Mosasamala kanthu za mikangano ya semantic yokhudza ngati ma virus ali amoyo, amadzilowetsa m'miyoyo ya zamoyo zina. Ena amatengeranso DNA yawo ku selo lokhalamo n’kukhala mbali ya chibadwa chake.
Izi zikachitika muselo la majeremusi, zimatha kuyambitsa ma virus (EVEs), kapena ma virus DNA, omwe amadutsa m'badwo wina kupita kumtundu wina.
Asayansi apeza EVE mu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nyama, zomera ndi bowa. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zoyamwitsa zimanyamula tizidutswa ta mavairasi osiyanasiyana mu DNA yawo, ndipo pafupifupi 8 peresenti ya jini ya munthu imakhala ndi DNA yochokera ku matenda akale a mavairasi. Olemba ofufuzawo akufotokoza kuti zambiri mwa izi sizikugwiranso ntchito ndipo zimatengedwa ngati "zakufa zakale."
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ma EVEs amatha kusinthika mwa anthu ndi zamoyo zina, mwina kuthandiza kuthana ndi ma virus amakono.
Izi ndi zoona kwa ma eukaryotes ambiri okhala ndi selo imodzi, ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timadwala komanso kuphedwa ndi mavairasi akuluakulu.
Ngati virophage ili kale m'chipinda cholandirira, imatha kukonzanso kachilombo ka chimphona kuti apange ma virophage m'malo mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zingathe kupulumutsa wolandirayo.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano, DNA yochokera ku ma virus omwe angopezedwa kumene ndi ofanana ndi DNA ya virophages, kutanthauza kuti ma virus amatha kutetezedwa ku ma virus akuluakulu chifukwa cha ma virus "ophatikizidwa" omwe amakhala m'ma genome awo.
Kafukufuku wa EVE mpaka pano ayang'ana kwambiri nyama ndi zomera, ofufuzawo adalemba, osayang'ana kwambiri akatswiri - zamoyo za eukaryotic zomwe si nyama, zomera kapena bowa.
Kupeza masauzande a ma virus atsopano obisika mu DNA yaying'ono sikunali cholinga choyambirira cha Bellas ndi anzawo, omwe adakonzekera kuphunzira gulu latsopano la ma virus omwe amapezeka m'madzi a Gossenköllese, nyanja ya alpine m'chigawo cha Austria cha Tyrol.
"Poyamba ndi kafukufuku wathu, tinkafuna kudziwa komwe kumachokera 'ma virus ngati polinton," akutero Bellas.
“Komabe, sitinkadziwa kuti ndi tizilombo ting’onoting’ono timene timadwala matendaŵa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tidachita kafukufuku wamkulu kuyesa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timatsatira ma DNA awo. ”
Kuti achite izi, adapempha thandizo la Leo, gulu lapamwamba la makompyuta ku yunivesite ya Innsbruck lomwe lingathe kusanthula deta yambiri.
Pozindikira majini ochokera ku virophages ndi ma virus ena m'mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ofufuzawo adaganiza zokulitsa kafukufukuyu pogwiritsa ntchito Leo kusanthula mwadongosolo ma genome onse a protist.
Iwo adapeza ma EVE "obisika m'magawo obwerezabwereza, ovuta kulumikiza a unicellular eukaryotic genomes," akulemba, ndikuzindikira kuti masauzande a ma virus ophatikizika amawonetsa kuti amapanga gawo lalikulu, lomwe silinaphunzirepo kale la ma protist genomes.
Kafukufukuyu adapezanso umboni kuti ma EVE ambiri a protist sizinthu zakale zokha koma ma virus omwe amagwira ntchito, ofufuzawo adawonjezera, "akuwonetsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu izi ikhoza kukhala gawo la antiviral system."
Chitsime: sciencealert
Chidziwitso: Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Palibe Patsogolo: https://www.pexels.com/photo/words-in-dictionary-4440721/
