Chodziwika kuti 'chilumba cha Nyanja ya Seven Colours', San Andres ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri ku Seaflower, chomwe chili ndi gawo limodzi mwa matanthwe olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
San Andres palokha ndi chilumba cha coral, kutanthauza kuti idamangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera ku mafupa a ma corals ndi nyama zina zambiri ndi zomera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zamoyo zamtsamundazi. Mitundu ya zilumbazi ndi malo otsika, pokhala ambiri mamita ochepa pamwamba pa nyanja, atazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ya kokonati ndi magombe a mchenga woyera wa coral.
Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti chilumba cha Colombia ichi ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi osambira ndi madzi oyera, komanso malo oyendera alendo omwe amachezeredwa ndi anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi chaka chilichonse.
Koma kukhala 'pofunidwa' kuli ndi vuto lalikulu: Zachilengedwe zapadera za San Andres ndi zachilengedwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe katswiri wodziwa zamoyo komanso osambira m'madzi Maria Fernanda Maya adadziwonera yekha.
Gulu loteteza nyanja
“Ndaona San Andres akusintha zaka 20 zapitazi; kuchepa kwa nsomba ndi chivundikiro cha korali kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Monga dziko lonse lapansi, takumana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu, ndipo kukakamizidwa kwa chuma chathu kukukulirakulira, "adauza UN News.
Mayi Maya akhala akudumphira m'madzi ndikugwira ntchito nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo kuti ateteze chuma cha Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. Iye ndi wotsogolera wa Blue Indigo Foundation, bungwe lotsogozedwa ndi amayi lomwe limagwira ntchito yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika cha San Andres Archipelago, ndi kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zake zam'madzi.
Iye akuti adaganiza zopanga maziko chifukwa akukhulupirira kuti anthu amderali akuyenera kutsogolera chitetezo cha chuma chawo.
“Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito m’mapulojekiti ambiri a zachilengedwe otsogozedwa ndi dziko lonse lapansi m’mbuyomo, ndipo chimene chimachitika n’chakuti anthu amabwera, n’kumachita ntchito yokhazikika, kenako n’kuchoka. Ndiyeno palibe njira yoti anthu a m’deralo apitilize zimenezo,” akufotokoza motero katswiri wa zamoyoyo.
Ndine wa pachilumba. Ndinapanga ubale ndi nyanja ndisanabadwe nkomwe.
Mayi Maya amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi wogwirizanitsa sayansi Mariana Gnecco, yemwe ndi mnzake pa maziko.
“Ndine wa pachilumba; Ndinapanga ubale ndi nyanja ndisanabadwe nkomwe. Ndakhala ndikudziwa kuti sindikufuna kukhala kutali ndi nyanja,” adauza UN News.
Mayi Gnecco wakhala akumasuka kuyambira ali ndi zaka 10 zokha, ndipo, monga Mayi Maya, adalandira chiphaso chake cha scuba asanakwanitse zaka 14 ndipo kenako anamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite monga biologist. Tsopano akuchitanso PhD yake.
Akatswiri a zamoyo azimayi a Blue Indigo ali ndi nazale yamtundu wa coral table ku San Andres, Colombia.
Akazi mu sayansi ya m'madzi
Malinga ndi UNESCO, Azimayi amachita nawo mbali zonse za kugwirizana kwa nyanja, komabe m'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, zopereka za amayi - pothandizira moyo wa m'nyanja monga usodzi, ndi zoyesayesa zotetezera - zonsezi sizikuwoneka chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kukupitirirabe m'makampani apanyanja komanso gawo la sayansi ya nyanja.
Ndipotu akazi amaimira 38 peresenti yokha ya asayansi onse am'nyanja ndipo kupitirira apo, pali deta yochepa kwambiri kapena kafukufuku wozama pa nkhani yoimira amayi m'munda
Mayi Maya ndi Mayi Gnecco angatsimikizire izi.
“Amuna ndi amene nthawi zambiri amatsogolera sayansi ya m’madzi ndipo pakakhala akazi amene amayang’anira nthawi zonse amakayikira. Mwanjira ina, ndikwabwino kukhala nawo ngati othandizira, kapena mu labotale, koma akazi akamatsogolera mapulojekiti, ndakhala ndikumva kuti pali zokankhira kumbuyo. Mkazi akamayankhula mwachidwi 'akuyamba kunjenjemera'; mkazi akapanga zisankho zosagwirizana ndi mwambo, 'wapenga', koma mwamuna akachita izi chifukwa 'ndi mtsogoleri'”, akudzudzula Mayi Maya.
Akunena kuti chifukwa ichi chakhala chowonadi chosalembedwa chomwe amayi akulimbana nacho, adagwira ntchito mwakhama ku Foundation kuti apange ndi kukulitsa chikhalidwe chomwe chili chosiyana.
"Tatha kugwirizanitsa ntchito pakati pa akazi ndi abambo okwatirana, kuzindikira, kuyamikira ndi kupatsa mphamvu mphamvu zachikazi, komanso zomwe amuna ayenera kupereka," akutsindika Mayi Maya.
"Maganizo athu, ukatswiri wathu, komanso chidziwitso chathu zakhala zikunyalanyazidwa kwa zaka zambiri kotero kuti kutha kutsogolera ntchito ngati iyi tsopano kumatanthauza zambiri. Zimayimira [zambiri] potengera kufanana ndi kuphatikiza. Ngakhale tidakali ndi njira yayitali yoti tipite chifukwa amayi a sayansi amasokonezedwabe nthawi zambiri, ndikuganiza kuti tili m'njira yoyenera kuti tithane ndi vutoli kwabwino, "akubwereza motero Mayi Gnecco.
Katswiri wa zamoyo Maria Fernanda Maya wakhala akugwira ntchito moyo wake wonse kuteteza Seaflower UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Kupulumutsa matanthwe a coral
Patsiku limene akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo a Blue Indigo anakumana ndi gulu la UN News field reporting team, Ms. Maya ndi Ms. Gnecco analimba mtima ndi mvula yamkuntho yosasunthika yomwe imayambitsa mphepo yozizira ku San Andres, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'nyengo yamkuntho ya Atlantic.
M’maŵa umenewo, tinaganiza kuti zingakhale zosatheka kusimba nkhani imeneyi chifukwa mvulayo inasandutsa misewu ya pachilumbachi kukhala mitsinje, ndipo madera ena amene tinkafunika kukafika anali asanduka maenje amatope.
"Ndipo amati amayi amaopa kuyendetsa galimoto," adatero Mayi Maya akuseka mwachinyengo pamene adatinyamula panjira yopita kumalo amodzi okonzanso omwe akugwira nawo ntchito ngati m'modzi mwa omwe akukwaniritsa ntchitoyi m'dziko lonselo "Corals Miliyoni imodzi ku Colombia”, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kubwezeretsa mahekitala 200 amiyala m'dziko lonselo.
M'mamawa womwewo, kudumpha konse pachilumbachi kudayimitsidwa chifukwa cha nyengo, koma mikhalidwe (pamadzi) idasintha, ndipo akuluakulu adatembenuza mbendera yofiira kukhala yachikasu.
Nkhaniyi inayambitsa chikondwerero chaching'ono pakati pa gulu la ophunzira osambira omwe ankaganiza kuti tsiku lawo lawonongeka.
Panthawiyi, enafe tinavala zida zotchinjiriza ndikuyenda kupita kugombe mumvula (yakadali) yamvula.
Mukakhala pansi pamadzi, mudzayiwala za tsiku la imvi. Uwona!” Adatelo Mayi Maya.
Nazale yamtundu wa zingwe yolima mitundu ya Acropora ku San Andres, Colombia.
Ndipo iye sakanakhoza kukhala wolondola mochuluka. Titadumphira m’mphepete mwa nyanja yamwala (komanso poterera) chakumadzulo kwa chisumbucho, tinakhala bata modabwitsa pansi pa mafunde.
Kuwoneka kunali kwabwino kwambiri, ndipo akatswiri a zamoyowo anatipitikitsa m’malo enaake amtundu wa zingwe amene ankagwirako ntchito. Zidutswa za Acropora coral zikukula. Tidawonanso ma coral omwe adawokedwa kale m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya San Andres.
Blue Indigo Foundation imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi masukulu osambira pachilumbachi, ndipo amathandizira pakukonzanso kwawo. Bungwe la NGO limaphunzitsanso maphunziro apadera obwezeretsanso kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana kangapo pachaka.
"Anthu amabwera kudzawona polojekiti yathu ndikuphunzira ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuchita chifukwa amatipempha kuti tipeze coral. 'O, kodi coral yanga ikuyenda bwanji? Ija tidabzala pamiyala, zikuyenda bwanji?’” Mariana Gnecco akufotokozanso kuti anthu akaona zamoyozo zikuyenda bwino, zimathandiza kuti anthu adziwe zambiri.
Makorali mkati mwa Seaflower Biosphere Reserve akhala akucheperachepera kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kutentha ndi acidification ya madzi, chifukwa cha mpweya wochuluka wa carbon ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
"Izi ndizoopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi, koma tilinso ndi ziopsezo za m'deralo zomwe zikuwononga nyanja yamchere, mwachitsanzo, nsomba zambiri, zizoloŵezi zoipa zokopa alendo, kugundana kwa mabwato, kuipitsa, ndi kutaya zimbudzi," akutsindika Mayi Gnecco.
Miyala ya Staghorn yobzalidwa m'malo obzala.
Zoyeserera za anthu a Raizal ndi zokopa alendo okhazikika
By tanthauzo, UNESCO Biosphere Reserves ndi malo enieni ophunzirira zachitukuko chokhazikika. Anaperekanso mwayi wowunika mozama za kusintha ndi kuyanjana pakati pa machitidwe a chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kasamalidwe ka zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
"Pamene malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe alengezedwa, zikutanthauza kuti ndi malo apadera, osati chifukwa cha zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, komanso chifukwa chakuti pali gulu lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, mgwirizano umene wakhala ukuchitika kwa zaka zambiri ndi chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. mbiri yakale, "Ms. Gnecco akufotokoza.
Nyanja ya Seaflower ndi yapadera kwambiri, akuwonjezera, kutiuza kuti ili ndi 10 peresenti ya Nyanja ya Caribbean, 75 peresenti ya matanthwe a coral ku Colombia komanso kuti ndi malo otentha kwambiri osungira shark.
"Anthu amderali - anthu a Raizal, omwe akhala pano kwa mibadwomibadwo - aphunzira momwe angagwirizanitse ndi zachilengedwe izi m'njira yathanzi komanso yokhazikika. Umu ndi momwe timakhalira kwa Raizal ndi okhalamo ena. Timadalira kwambiri chilengedwechi komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndi zofunika komanso zapadera”, akuwonjezera katswiri wa zamoyo.
Raizal ndi mtundu wa Afro-Caribbean omwe amakhala kuzilumba za San Andrés, Providencia ndi Santa Catalina kugombe la Colombian Caribbean Coast. Amadziwika ndi Boma ngati amodzi mwa mitundu ya Afro-Colombia.
Amalankhula Chikiliyo cha San Andrés-Providencia, chimodzi mwa Chikiliyo cha Chingerezi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Caribbean. Zaka 20 zapitazo, Raizal adayimira theka la anthu pachilumbachi. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri ndi pafupifupi 80,000, koma Raizal amapanga pafupifupi 40 peresenti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu osamuka kuchokera kumtunda.
Katswiri wa zamoyo wa Raizal Alfredo Abril-Howard akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Maria Fernanda Maya ndi Maria Gnecco ochokera ku Blue Indigo Foundation.
Raizal Marine Biologist komanso wofufuza Alfredo Abril-Howard amagwiranso ntchito ku Blue Indigo foundation.
“Chikhalidwe chathu chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyanja. Asodzi ndi omwe amayamba kuona kusintha kwa coral - mwachitsanzo, amawona kuti matanthwe athanzi amakopa nsomba zambiri. Amatha kufotokoza chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha momwe matanthwe adawonekera kale ... palibe amene amamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa matanthwe athu kuposa iwo," akutsindika.
Katswiriyu akunena kuti amakhulupirira kuti pali vuto lalikulu lazachuma ku San Andres: kupatulapo zokopa alendo, pali njira zochepa zomwe anthu ake azipeza.
“Zokopa alendo zikukulirakulirabe ndipo ntchito zambiri zachuma zikuyenda mozungulira. Choncho, tikufunika nsomba zambiri chifukwa alendo ndi ochuluka, ndiye tsopano tikugwira nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe”, adatero, potsindika kuti kayendetsedwe kabwino ka zokopa alendo kungapangitse mwayi wabwino wachuma kwa anthu am'deralo ndikulola kuti nyanjayi iziyenda bwino nthawi imodzi.
Bambo Abril-Howard akufotokoza kuti kudumpha pansi, ngati kuyendetsedwa bwino, kungakhudzenso chilengedwe. Zingathandizenso kudziwitsa anthu za zoyesayesa zobwezeretsanso komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kubwereranso ku matanthwe.
“Tikufunika kusintha momwe timachitira zokopa alendo. Kubwezeretsa matanthwe athu ndikofunikira, koma tiyeneranso kudziwitsa alendo kuti kulipo, komanso kuti si thanthwe, Ndi chamoyo ndipo sayenera kupondapo. Izi ndi zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zingapindulitse chivundikiro cha coral chamtsogolo. Tiyeneranso kusonyeza anthu kuti pachilumbachi pali zambiri kuposa kubwera kuphwando ndi kuledzera, kuti aphunzirepo kanthu,” akutero.
Msodzi wa Raizal Camilo Leche asananyamuke kukawedza m'mawa.
Ntchito ya 'Superheroes'
Kwa Camilo Leche, nayenso Raizal, zoyesayesa zobwezeretsa ma coral tsopano ndi gawo la moyo wake monga msodzi.
“Ndakhala ndikusodza kwa zaka 30. Ndikukumbukira ndikuwona kuyera kwa korali kwa nthawi yoyamba - mumadziwa pamene coral imayamba kuyera - ndikuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti matanthwe akukalamba, ngati timakhala ndi tsitsi loyera. Koma tsopano ndikumvetsa kuti ndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo,” iye anatiuza asanapite kukawedza m’mawa.
"Ndisanaone miyala yamtengo wapatali yokongola mozungulira pano ndipo zinali zosavuta kupeza nkhanu ndi nsomba zazikulu, tsopano tiyenera kupita patsogolo kuti tiwapeze", akuwonjezera.
A Leche akunena kuti akuyembekeza kuti atsogoleri a mayiko akhoza kuika manja awo 'pamtima ndi m'matumba awo' kuti apereke ndalama zambiri zokonzanso zinthu monga zomwe bungwe la Foundation likuchita, lomwe tsopano likuthandiza.
“Ndaphunzira kung’amba miyala ya korali, kuiika m’zingwe; Timapitanso kukapanga zoikamo. Ndipo tiziduswa ting'onoting'ono izo tsopano tikukhala zazikulu ndi zokongola kwambiri, pamene ine ndiziwona izo, ine ndimadzikuza nazo kwambiri. Ndikumva ngati ngwazi yopambana”.
Gulu la Raizal likuchita nawo ntchito zokonzanso matanthwe a coral. Apa amuna awiri ali okonzeka kukhazikitsa nazale yamtundu wa tebulo.
Kusambira molimbana ndi mafunde
San Andres sikungotaya chivundikiro chake cha miyala yamchere yamchere ndi mabanki a nsomba, koma chilumbachi chimayang'anizana ndi kukokoloka kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo chimakhala pachiopsezo cha kukwera kwa nyanja ndi zochitika za nyengo yoopsa monga mphepo yamkuntho.
Zonsezi zikuwononga zomangamanga ndikuchepetsa gombe lokongola la chilumbachi. M’madera ena, anthu a m’derali akuti asanayambe kusewera mpira m’malo omwe gombe la nyanja limangooneka.
Zachilengedwe Blue Indigo imagwira ntchito yobwezeretsa ndizofunikira kuti ziteteze anthu ammudzi pakagwa nyengo.
Mwachitsanzo, asayansi a ku Colombia adatha kutsimikizira mmene mangrove anatetezera San Andres pa mphepo yamkuntho Eta ndi Iota mu 2020, mwa njira zina pochepetsa kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi 60 km / h.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, matanthwe a coral amatha kuchepetsa ndi pafupifupi 95 peresenti kutalika kwa mafunde ochokera kum'maŵa kwa Nyanja ya Caribbean, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo panthawi ya mphepo yamkuntho.
"Tikudziwa kuti kukonzanso kwathu sikungabweretsenso miyala yamchere yamchere, chifukwa ndi chilengedwe chovuta kwambiri. Koma mwa kukulitsa mitundu ina ya zamoyo titha kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chabwino, kubweretsanso nsomba ndi kuyatsa mphamvu yachilengedwe ya zamoyozi kuti zidzibwezeretse,” inatero mkulu wa Blue Indigo Maria Fernanda Maya.
Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Maria Fernanda Maya akuyeretsa malo osungiramo zingwe zokulirapo.
Kwa Mariana Gnecco, ndizothandiza kuti nyanjayi ikhale ndi moyo panthawi ya kusintha kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
"Chomwe timafunikira ndi chilengedwe chogwira ntchito. Tikuyesa kuwathandiza kuti athe kusintha kusintha kwa nyengo. Zachilengedwe zisintha, zichitika, koma ngati tithandiza zichitika mwanjira yomwe siifa kwathunthu”, akutero.
Zonsezi UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration ndi Zaka khumi za UN za Sayansi ya Ocean for Sustainable Development, zonse zomwe zidayamba mu 2021 ndipo zidzachitika mpaka 2030, cholinga chake ndi kupeza njira zosinthira zasayansi yam'nyanja kuti zitsimikizire kuti nyanja yaukhondo, yopindulitsa komanso yotetezeka, ndikubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe zake zam'madzi.
Malingana ndi UNESCO, kugwirizanitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu Ocean Science Decade kudzathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti, pofika chaka cha 2030, amayi mofanana ndi amuna adzakhala akuyendetsa nyanja ya sayansi ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndikuthandizira kupereka nyanja yomwe tikufunikira kuti tikhale ndi tsogolo labwino, lokhazikika komanso lotetezedwa ndi chilengedwe.
"Amayi omwe akuchita nawo izi akukonzera njira kwa amayi onse omwe akubwera kumbuyo. Zoonadi, tsogolo n’lovuta, ndipo tikusambira molimbana ndi masiku ano, koma ndikuganiza kuti chilichonse chimene tingachite n’chabwino kuposa kusachita kalikonse.”
Ndiwo uthenga wa Mariana Gnecco kwa ife tonse.
