Chitetezo, kodi EU ikupanga gulu lankhondo laku Europe?

Ngakhale kuti kulibe asilikali a ku Ulaya ndipo chitetezo ndi nkhani ya mayiko omwe ali mamembala, EU yachitapo kanthu kuti ilimbikitse mgwirizano wa chitetezo m'zaka zingapo zapitazi.

Kuyambira 2016, pakhala kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'dera lachitetezo ndi chitetezo cha EU ndi njira zingapo za EU zolimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi kulimbikitsa kuthekera kwa Europe kuti adziteteze. Werengani mwachidule za zomwe zachitika posachedwa.

Kuyembekezera kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha EU

Ambiri mwa nzika za EU (81%) akugwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya chitetezo ndi chitetezo, ndi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse akuthandizira m'dziko lililonse, malinga ndi deta ya 2022 yofalitsidwa ndi Eurobarometer. Ena 93% amavomereza kuti mayiko akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze gawo la EU, pomwe 85% akuganiza kuti mgwirizano pachitetezo uyenera kuwonjezeka pamlingo wa EU.

Atsogoleri a EU akuzindikira kuti palibe dziko la EU lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchitika panokha. Mwachitsanzo, Purezidenti wa ku France Macron adayitana ntchito yogwirizana yankhondo yaku Europe mu 2017, pomwe mtsogoleri wakale waku Germany Merkel adati "tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tsiku lina tikhazikitse gulu lankhondo loyenera la ku Europe" mwa iye. kuyankhula ku European Parliament mu November 2018. Kupita ku bungwe la chitetezo ndi chitetezo chakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za von der Leyen Commission.

Njira za EU zolimbikitsa mgwirizano wachitetezo

Ndondomeko yodzitetezera ya EU imaperekedwa ndi Pangano la Lisbon (Ndime 42(2) TEU). Komabe, mgwirizanowu umanenanso momveka bwino kufunika kwa ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha dziko, kuphatikizapo umembala wa NATO kapena kusalowerera ndale. Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe yakhala ikuthandizira mgwirizano wambiri, kuchulukitsa ndalama komanso kuphatikiza zinthu zopangira mgwirizano pamlingo wa EU kuti ateteze bwino anthu aku Europe.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, EU yayamba kugwira ntchito zokhumba zazikulu kupereka zinthu zambiri, kulimbikitsa kuchita bwino, kuthandizira mgwirizano ndikuthandizira kukulitsa luso:

• Mgwirizano Wokhazikika Wokhazikika (PESCO) unali idakhazikitsidwa mu Disembala 2017. Pakali pano ikugwira ntchito pamaziko a 47 ntchito zogwirizanaomwe ali ndi malonjezano omangiriza kuphatikiza European Medical Command, Maritime Surveillance System, kuthandizirana pachitetezo cha cyber ndi magulu oyankha mwachangu, ndi sukulu yolumikizana yaukadaulo ya EU.
• The European Defense Fund (EDF) anali anapezerapo mu June 2017. Inali ntchito yoyamba ya bajeti ya EU kuti igwirizane ndi mgwirizano wa chitetezo. Pa 29 Epulo 2021, A MEP adavomera kupereka ndalama chida chodziwika bwino chomwe chili ndi bajeti ya € 7.9 biliyoni ngati gawo la bajeti yayitali ya EU (2021-2027).
• EU yalimbitsa mgwirizano ndi NATO pama projekiti onse madera asanu ndi awiri kuphatikiza cybersecurity, masewera olimbitsa thupi ophatikizana komanso kuthana ndi uchigawenga.
• Dongosolo lothandizira mayendedwe ankhondo mkati ndi kudutsa EU kuti zitheke kuti asitikali ndi zida zichite mwachangu pothana ndi zovuta.
• Kupangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito za anthu wamba ndi zankhondo ndi ntchito zikhale zogwira mtima. Kuyambira Juni 2017, dongosolo latsopano lolamulira ndi kuwongolera (MPCC) lasintha kayendetsedwe kazovuta za EU.

Kuwononga zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi

Mayiko a EU akuwononga ndalama zambiri pogula zida zachitetezo

Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la European Defense Agency lidatulutsa pa 8 Disembala 2022, ndalama zonse zaku Europe zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza chitetezo zidakwera pamtengo wa €214 biliyoni mu 2021, kukwera 6% mu 2020, chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri chakukula.

Lipotilo likuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zodzitetezera ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko zidakwera 16% mpaka mbiri ya € 52 biliyoni.

EU imalimbitsa njira zake zodzitetezera

Nkhondo ya Russia yolimbana ndi Ukraine idatsindika kufunika kwa EU kulimbitsa njira zake zodzitetezera ndikufulumizitsa kupanga zida.

Pa Julayi 13, 2023 Nyumba yamalamulo idavota mokomera ndalama zokwana € 500 miliyoni zothandizira makampani a EU kulimbikitsa kupanga zida ndi zoponya kuti ziwonjezeke zotumizidwa ku Ukraine ndikuthandizira mayiko a EU kudzaza masheya, omwe amatchedwa. Chitanipo kanthu pothandizira Kupanga Zida. (POSACHEDWA).

MEPs akugwiranso ntchito pa European Defense Industry Reinforcement kudzera mu Common Procurement Act (EDIRPA) kuthandizira mayiko a EU pogula limodzi zinthu zodzitetezera monga zida zankhondo, zida zankhondo ndi zida zachipatala, kuti athe kudzaza mipata yofulumira komanso yovuta kwambiri. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikukulitsa maziko achitetezo aku Europe ndiukadaulo komanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakugula chitetezo.

Mu June 2023, Nyumba yamalamulo ndi khonsolo idagwirizana pa malamulo atsopano olimbikitsa mayiko a EU kuti azigula zinthu zodzitetezera limodzi ndikuthandizira chitetezo cha EU. Chida chatsopanocho chidzakhala ndi bajeti ya € 300 miliyoni mpaka 2025. EU idzapereka mpaka 20% ya mtengo wogula wa mgwirizano wogula zinthu.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi European Defense Agency