M'madzi Otentha: Kusintha kwa Nyengo, Kusodza kwa IUU ndi Ndalama Zosaloledwa

Mwachitsanzo, a Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative idakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 kuti ithandizire kuti maboma ndi makampani aziwululira modzifunira za eni ake opindulitsa amakampani ophatikizika. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti, ntchitoyi imangoyang'ana zamafuta, gasi ndi mchere, pomwe kusodza kwa IUU sikunanyalanyazidwe.

Pakadali pano, bungwe la Fisheries Transparency Initiative (FiTI) likuwunikira zoyesayesa zokulitsa kuwonekera poyera za umwini wopindulitsa, ndikuwunikira kufunikira kwa umwini wopindulitsa mu Mulingo wake, womwe umatanthawuza zambiri zomwe maboma adziko ayenera kufalitsa pa intaneti zokhudzana ndi gawo lawo la usodzi. Mayiko angapo asayina mulingo wa FiTI. Monga dziko loyamba kupereka lipoti za zomwe walonjeza, mu 2020 a Seychelles adakhazikitsa lamulo (The Beneficial Ownership Act 2020) lofuna kukonzanso kaundula waposachedwa wa eni ake opindula, ndi kaundula wapakati wa eni ake opindulitsa pofika 2021. Zoyeserera monga FiTI zikukumana ndi zovuta zingapo, zomwe mayiko ochepa akutenga mpaka pano komanso kuti imangopempha mayiko kuti afotokoze momwe apitira patsogolo pakukhazikitsa kaundula wa eni ake opindulitsa, m'malo mopangitsa kuti pakhale lamulo lokhazikitsa lamuloli. Standard.

Zochita kuchokera ku Financial Action Task Force (FATF) - bungwe loyang'anira milandu yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi - lakhala likuchedwa. Mu 2020, FATF idawunikira njira zomwe kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipolopolo ndi makampani akutsogolo imathandiza kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa nyama zakuthengo zomwe zatsala pang’ono kutha. Patatha chaka chimodzi, FATF idakulitsa chidwi chake kuyambira pa malonda osaloledwa a nyama zakuthengo (IWT) kupita ku ziwopsezo zowononga ndalama zolumikizidwa ndi kudula mitengo mosaloledwa, migodi yosaloledwa ndi kuzembetsa zinyalala. Koma chokhumudwitsa, FATF yatero anapitiriza kunyalanyaza IUU nsomba mpaka pano.

Popanda chidwi choperekedwa ndi FATF pankhaniyi, mu 2022, a Gulu la Asia-Pacific on Money Laundering (APG) lidaphatikizanso mutu mu lipoti lake la typologies pa nkhani yazachuma yosaloledwa ya usodzi wa IUU, kupereka zitsanzo ndi kusanthula zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa nkhaniyo. Mabungwe ena am'madera amtundu wa FATF, komabe, sanasinthe chidwi chawo pa usodzi wa IUU. Iwo alephera kutsatira chitsanzo cha APG ngakhale zisonyezero zoonekeratu kuti palibe chifukwa chodikirira FATF yokha - makamaka pamene zotsatira za nkhani monga nsomba za IUU zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa mamembala (nthawi zambiri kudutsa Global South). Zomwe zikuchitika zimabwera ngakhale kuti UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) imatchula milandu yazachilengedwe kuphatikiza umbanda wausodzi komanso kuphwanya misonkho pantchito ya usodzi monga zomwe zimathandizira kuti ndalama zisamayende bwino, monga zikuphatikizidwa mu SDG chandamale 16.4.1.

Zolimbikitsa, a Kulankhula kwa Atumiki a Zanyengo ndi Zachilengedwe a G7 yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Meyi 2021 idalandira 'zokambirana za nduna za zachuma pakulimbikitsa kuwonekera kwa umwini wopindulitsa kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto lazachuma losaloledwa kuchokera ku IWT ndi ziwopsezo zina zosavomerezeka ku chilengedwe'. Komabe, apanso, kusodza kwa IUU sikunatchulidwe mwachindunji. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti mayiko a G7 ndi omwe ali ndi msika wambiri wazakudya zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe sizikuwonetsa kufunitsitsa kwandale kuthana ndi vutoli.

Pakadali pano, kuchulukirachulukira kokhudzana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kuwonekera kwa umwini wopindulitsa kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa ku gawo la usodzi. Makamaka, mu Novembala 2022, Khothi Lachilungamo la EU lidavomereza a akulamulira zomwe zingalepheretse kupita patsogolo mwa kusokoneza malamulo a EU a Anti-Money Laundering Directive omwe amalola kuti anthu azilowa m'ma registry ofotokoza za eni ake opindula. Ngakhale ili ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa umwini wopindulitsa mu gawo la usodzi, chigamulochi chikhoza kusokoneza kupita patsogolo m'derali.

Kuwonetsetsa Kwachuma Kuyenera Kuyaka patsogolo

Ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kukulitsa mikangano yazandale kuzungulira usodzi M'madera ena ndikupangitsa kusintha kwa kaphatikizidwe pakati pa usodzi wa IUU ndi upandu wina, kulephera kuchitapo kanthu mobisa chifukwa cha kusawoneka bwino komanso chinsinsi chandalama zomwe zimapangitsa kusodza kwa IUU kuyenera kuthetsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka chifukwa usodzi wa IUU umadalira kwambiri kayendetsedwe kazachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu odana ndi zandalama achitepo kanthu. Poganizira zomwe zili pachiwopsezo komanso kufunikira kwa zoletsa zogwira mtima, kuwonekera poyera pazachuma tsopano kuyenera kuyikidwa pamtima pakuyesa kuthana ndi usodzi wa IUU.