Kutsegula mwayi watsopano wa masensa a quantum, mawotchi a atomiki ndi mayeso a fundamental physics, ofufuza a JILA apanga njira zatsopano za "kulowetsa" kapena kugwirizanitsa katundu wa tinthu tambirimbiri. Pochita zimenezi, akonza njira zoyezera magulu akuluakulu a maatomu molondola ngakhale m’malo osokonekera, aphokoso.
Mawotchi olondola kwambiri a atomiki, monga “wotchi ya tweezer” yomwe yasonyezedwa apa, ingabwere chifukwa cha kulumikiza kapena “kutchingira” maatomu m’njira yatsopano kudzera m’njira yotchedwa “kupinitsa,” mmene chinthu chimodzi cha atomu chimapimidwa molondola kwambiri kuposa mmene mawotchi a ma atomu amalondola kwambiri. nthawi zambiri amaloledwa mu quantum mechanics pochepetsa kulondola komwe katundu wowonjezera amayezedwa. Ngongole ya zithunzi: S. Burrows/JILA
Njira zatsopanozi zikufotokozedwa m'mapepala awiri osindikizidwa Chilengedwe. JILA ndi bungwe logwirizana la National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ndi University of Colorado Boulder.
"Kulowerera ndiye gawo lopatulika la sayansi yoyezera," atero Ana Maria Rey, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi komanso JILA ndi NIST Fellow.
"Atomu ndi masensa abwino kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Iwo ndi onse. Vuto ndilakuti ndi zinthu za quantum, chifukwa chake zimakhala zaphokoso. Mukawayeza, nthawi zina amakhala mu mphamvu imodzi, nthawi zina amakhala kudera lina. Mukawakola, mutha kuletsa phokosolo. ”
Maatomu akamangika, zimene zimachitika ku atomu imodzi zimakhudza maatomu onse amene amangiriridwa mmenemo. Kukhala ndi maatomu ambiri - bwino kwambiri, mazana - a maatomu omangika omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi amachepetsa phokoso, ndipo chizindikiro chochokera muyeso chimamveka bwino, chotsimikizika. Maatomu otsekeredwa amachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe asayansi amafunikira kuti ayese muyeso wawo, zomwe zimapeza zotsatira munthawi yochepa.
Spintronics - lingaliro laluso. Ngongole yazithunzi: Creativity103 kudzera Flickr, CC BY 2.0
Njira imodzi yolumikizirana ndiyo njira yotchedwa spin squeezing. Monga zinthu zonse zomwe zimamvera malamulo a quantum physics, maatomu amatha kukhalapo m'malo angapo amphamvu nthawi imodzi, luso lomwe limadziwika kuti superposition. Kufinya kwa ma spin kumachepetsa zigawo zonse zomwe zingatheke mu atomu kukhala zotheka zochepa chabe. Zili ngati kufinya buluni.
Mukafinya baluni, chapakati chimachepa ndipo mbali zina zimakhala zazikulu. Ma atomu akamapindidwa, mitundu ingapo imatha kukhala yopapatiza mbali ina ndikumakulirakulira kwina.
Koma zimakhala zovuta kumangirira maatomu omwe ali patali kwambiri. Ma atomu ali ndi kulumikizana mwamphamvu ndi ma atomu omwe ali pafupi nawo; kutalikira kwa ma atomu, m'pamene kugwirizana kwawo kumachepa.
Quantum physics, nyanja ya excitons - kutanthauzira mwaluso. Ngongole yazithunzi: Sigmund kudzera pa Unsplash, chilolezo chaulere
Tangoganizani ngati anthu akulankhula paphwando lodzaza ndi anthu. Anthu omwe ali pafupi kwambiri amatha kukambirana, koma omwe ali kunja kwa chipindacho sangamve, ndipo chidziwitso chimatayika. Asayansi akufuna kuti gulu lonse la ma atomu azilankhulana nthawi imodzi. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo padziko lonse lapansi akuyang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse izi.
"Cholinga chachikulu m'deralo ndi kupanga mayiko omwe ali okhazikika kuti athe kuyeza molondola kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa," atero a Adam Kaufman, wasayansi komanso JILA Fellow.
Kaufman ndi Rey adagwira ntchito limodzi pamalingaliro oti akwaniritse izi, imodzi mwazomwezo Rey ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku yunivesite ya Innsbruck ku Austria adawonetsa.
Pakuyesa uku, gululo linapanga ma 51 calcium ions mumsampha ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma lasers kuti apangitse kugwirizana pakati pawo. Izi ndichifukwa choti laser imasangalatsa ma phononi, kunjenjemera kokhala ngati mafunde apakati pakati pa ma atomu.
Maphononi amenewo amayala mzere wa ma atomu, kuwalumikiza pamodzi. M'mayesero am'mbuyomu, maulalowa adapangidwa kuti akhale osasunthika, kotero kuti ion imatha kuyankhula ndi ma ion angapo pomwe idawunikiridwa ndi ma laser.
Quantum limati, quantum physics - kutanthauzira kwaluso. Ngongole yazithunzi: Ben Wicks kudzera pa Unsplash, chilolezo chaulere
Powonjezera maginito akunja, zinali zotheka kupanga maulalo kukhala amphamvu, kukula ndikusintha pakapita nthawi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ion yomwe imatha kuyankhula ndi gulu limodzi lokha la ayoni poyamba imatha kuyankhula ndi gulu lina, ndipo pamapeto pake, imatha kuyankhula ndi ma ion ena onse pamndandanda.
Izi zimagonjetsa vuto lakutalilo, akutero Rey, ndipo kulumikizana kunali kolimba mpaka pamzere wa maatomu. Tsopano maatomu onse anali kugwira ntchito pamodzi, ndipo onse ankatha kulankhulana popanda kutaya uthenga m’njira.
Pakapita nthawi pang'ono, ma ion adakhazikika, ndikupanga mawonekedwe opindika, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, adasintha kukhala chomwe chimatchedwa mphaka. Dzikoli limatchedwa kuyesa kwa malingaliro odziwika a Erwin Schrodinger okhudza superposition, pomwe adaganiza kuti mphaka wotsekeredwa m'bokosi ali wamoyo komanso wakufa mpaka bokosilo litatsegulidwa ndipo mkhalidwe wake ukhoza kuwonedwa.
Kwa ma atomu, mkhalidwe wamphaka ndi mtundu wapadera wa superposition momwe ma atomu ali m'maiko awiri otsutsana, monga mmwamba ndi pansi, nthawi imodzi. Mayiko amphaka ali otanganidwa kwambiri, akutero Rey, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri pa sayansi yoyezera.
Chotsatira chidzakhala kuyesa njira iyi ndi ma atomu a mbali ziwiri, kukweza chiwerengero cha maatomu kuti azitha kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji m'madera osokonezekawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kulola asayansi kupanga miyeso molondola komanso mwachangu.
Kupindika kwa spin-spin kungathandizenso mawotchi a atomiki, omwe ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri cha sayansi. Kaufman ndi gulu lake ku JILA, pamodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito mu gulu la NIST/JILA a Jun Ye, adayesa njira ina phunziro lina mu nkhani iyi ya Chilengedwe.
Ofufuzawo anakweza maatomu 140 a strontium m’chipinda chounikira chounikira, chomwe chili mumlengalenga umodzi wokha kuti musunge maatomuwo. Ankagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kolamuliridwa bwino kwambiri, kotchedwa optical tweezers, kuika maatomuwo m’timagulu ting’onoting’ono ta maatomu 16 mpaka 70 lililonse.
Ndi laser yamphamvu kwambiri ya ultraviolet, iwo anasangalatsa maatomuwo kukhala pamwamba pa “wotchi” yawo yanthawi zonse ndi dziko la Rydberg lamphamvu kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa Rydberg kuvala.
Ma atomu a wotchiyo ali ngati anthu achete paphwando lodzazana; samayanjana mwamphamvu ndi ena. Koma kwa maatomu a m’chigawo cha Rydberg, elekitironi yakunja kwambiri ili kutali kwambiri ndi pakati pa atomuyo moti atomuyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri kukula kwake, zomwe zimachititsa kuti igwirizane kwambiri ndi maatomu ena.
Tsopano phwando lonse likuyankhula. Ndi njira yopapatiza iyi, amatha kupanga ma atomu 70 osiyanasiyana.
Ofufuzawo anayerekezera miyeso yafupipafupi pakati pa magulu a ma atomu a 70 ndipo adapeza kuti kusokoneza kumeneku kunawongolera bwino pansi pa malire a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timadziwika kuti malire a quantum.
Miyezo yachangu, yolondola kwambiri ilola mawotchiwa kukhala masensa abwino ofufuzira zinthu zakuda ndikupanga miyeso yabwinoko ya nthawi ndi ma frequency.
Mapepala:
Johannes Franke, Sean R. Muleady, Raphael Kaubruegger, Florian Kranzl, Rainer Blatt, Ana Maria Rey, Manoj K. Joshi ndi Christian F. Roos. Kuzindikira kokwezeka kwa Quantum pakusintha kwa kuwala kudzera mukuchitana kwanthawi yayitali. Chilengedwe. Oga. 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038 / s41586-023-06472-z
William J. Eckner, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Alec Cao, Aaron W. Young, William R. Milner, John M. Robinson, Jun Ye ndi Adam M. Kaufman. Kuzindikira kufinya kozungulira ndi kuyanjana kwa Rydberg mu wotchi yamagetsi. Chilengedwe. Oga. 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06360-6
Source: NETE
