Timakudziwitsani za mawu akuti pyrolysis ndi momwe njirayi imakhudzira thanzi la munthu ndi chilengedwe.
Tyre pyrolysis ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa okosijeni kuti igwetse matayala kukhala mpweya, madzi ndi mpweya. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'makhazikitsidwe apadera otchedwa pyrolysis zomera.
Lingaliro lalikulu la tayala pyrolysis ndikusintha zinthu za mphira kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali, monga mpweya, mafuta amadzimadzi (mafuta a pyrolytic) ndi mpweya.
Mulimonsemo, chomera cha pyrolysis sichiyenera kutsegulidwa mkati mwa malire a mzinda. Chomera cha pyrolysis cha matayala chidzawononga thanzi la anthu. Zowopsa sizochepa, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chingawononge thanzi la anthu mumzindawu ndi juga yomwe sitiyenera kuitenga. Choopsa chimachokera ku mpweya wochokera ku kukhazikitsa ndipo zoopsa zazikulu ndi ziwiri - ku thanzi la anthu komanso ku chilengedwe.
KUPHUNZITSA KWAMBIRI PAKATI PA PYROLYSIS YA MATAYARI
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe iwo ali ndi momwe zimakhudzira.
Zinthu za gasi zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha matayala pyrolysis ndi:
• CH₄ – Methane
• C₂H₄ – Ethylene
• C₂H₆ – Ethane
• C₃H₈ – Propane
• CO - Carbon monoxide (Carbon monoxide)
• CO₂ - Mpweya woipa (Carbon Dioxide)
• H₂S - Hydrogen Sulfidi
Gwero - https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/can_the_exhaust_gas_from_waste_tire_pyrolysis_plant_be_recycled_1555.html#
Zinthu 1-4 zimabwezeretsedwa kuti ziwotche mu riyakitala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pyrolysis.
Komabe, H₂S, CO, ndi CO₂ - hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, ndi carbon dioxide siziwotcha ndipo zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.
KUKONZERA ZINTHU ZOSANGALALA PA ANTHU
Umu ndi momwe zimakhudzira:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
1% yokha ya sulfure ya tayala imapezeka mumadzimadzi a pyrolysis, yotsalayo imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga ngati hydrogen sulphide.
Nkhani - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237000000917
Hydrogen sulfide ndi imodzi mwamipweya yodziwika bwino yomwe imawononga thanzi la munthu. Ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, wapoizoni kwambiri, wopanda mtundu wokhala ndi fungo la mazira owola. Pamilingo yotsika, hydrogen sulfide imayambitsa kukwiya kwamaso, mphuno, ndi mmero. Kuchuluka kwapakati kungayambitse mutu, chizungulire, nseru ndi kusanza, komanso kutsokomola ndi kupuma movutikira. Kukwera kwambiri kungayambitse kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, chikomokere ndi imfa. Kawirikawiri, kuwonetseredwa kwakukulu kwambiri, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Source – https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=385&toxid=67#:~:text=At%20low%20levels%2C%20hydrogen%20sulfide,convulsions%2C%20coma%2C %20and%20death.
Komanso, kuwonjezera pa thanzi laumunthu, zimakhudzanso chilengedwe. Hydrogen sulfide, kulowa mumlengalenga, imasanduka sulfuric acid (H2SO4), yomwe imayambitsa mvula ya asidi.
Chitsime- http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~qq002439/aferraro_sulphcycle.pdf
N’zosachita kufunsa kuti sitiyenera kuchita chilichonse chimene chingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mpweya wapoizoni umenewu pafupi ndi kumene tikukhala.
Mpweya wa Monixide (CO)
Mpweya wina wapoizoni womwenso sitiufuna m’nyumba mwathu.
Zimakhudza thanzi chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika ndi hemoglobin m'magazi. Hemoglobin ndi gawo lomwe limapereka ma cell ndi okosijeni. Kugwirizana kwa hemoglobini kumakhala kopitilira nthawi 200 kuposa CO kuposa okosijeni, motero imalowa m'malo mwa okosijeni m'magazi omwe ali otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsekeka pama cell.
Zotsatira zake paumoyo wa anthu ndizosiyanasiyana. Pamawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, mpweya uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa sitiroko, kutaya chidziwitso ndi imfa ya mbali za ubongo ndi munthu mwiniyo. Pamawonekedwe apansi, pamakhala zotsatira zocheperako, mwachitsanzo, kusaphunzira, kuchepa tcheru, kulephera kugwira ntchito zovuta, nthawi yochuluka yochitapo kanthu. Zizindikirozi zimachitikanso pamlingo wokhazikika m'matauni omwe ali pafupi ndi mphambano zodutsamo. Zotsatira zina pamtima wamtima zimawonedwanso.
Mpweya woipa (CO2)
Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, kuwonjezera pa kukhala mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ndi mpweya winanso umene ulinso ndi zoopsa zambiri paumoyo pa kuchuluka kwake.
Nkhaniyi inayamba poyamba https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0323-1
Zida zamtengo wapatali
Pyrolysis pa kutentha pamwamba pa 700 ° C amasintha zitsulo zolemera monga Pb ndi Cd ( lead ndi cadmium ) kuchoka ku madzi kupita ku mpweya.
Source – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831513/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20Cd,heavy%20metals%20Cd%20and%20Pb.
Kuvulaza kwawo thupi la munthu kwalembedwa mofala kwa zaka zambiri ndipo n’zoonekeratu kwa sayansi.
kutsogolera
Poizoni wamtovu angayambitse mavuto a uchembere mwa amuna ndi akazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a impso, vuto la kugaya chakudya, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje, kukumbukira ndi kukhazikika, kuchepa kwa IQ, komanso kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa. Palinso umboni wosonyeza kuti kukhala ndi mtovu kungayambitse khansa kwa akuluakulu.
Source – https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/lead-and-health#:~:text=Lead%20poisoning%20can%20cause%20reproductive,result%20in%20cancer%20in%20adults.
Cadmium
Cadmium imayambitsa demineralization ndi kufooka kwa mafupa, imachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa mapapu ndipo imatha kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106447/#:~:text=Cd%20can%20also%20cause%20bone,the%20risk%20of%20lung%20cancer.
Pazinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zowononga kwambiri zachilengedwe, matayala a pyrolysis amapanga 4 mwa iwo. Iwo ndi lead, carbon monoxide, fine fumbi particles, ndi hydrogen sulfide. Ozone okha ndi nitrogen dioxide sapangidwa.
Gwero - https://www.in.gov/idem/files/factsheet_oaq_criteria_pb.pdf
POMALIZA
Pyrolysis ndi njira yowopsa yomwe siyenera kuloledwa pafupi ndi malo okhala. Nkhani zambiri zingapezeke pa intaneti zomwe zikufotokoza ndondomekoyi ngati 'yopanda vuto komanso yokonda zachilengedwe', koma zonsezi zimalembedwa ndi makampani omwe amagulitsa zipangizo zawo. Amafotokozedwanso ngati njira yabwinoko, osati kuwotcha matayala poyera. Uku ndi kuyerekezera kopanda nzeru, chifukwa pali njira zokhazikika zogwiritsira ntchito matayala. Mwachitsanzo, kuwadula ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati pamwamba m'matawuni (kwabwalo lamasewera, m'mapaki, etc.), komanso atha kuwonjezeredwa ku phula.
Pyrolysis imatulutsa mpweya wabwino womwe umawononga thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Ziribe kanthu momwe zotsatira zake zimachepetsedwera, mulimonsemo siziyenera kuloledwa kuchitidwa pafupi ndi malo okhalamo, osasiyapo pakati pa mzinda, potsatira chitsanzo cha mayiko oipitsidwa kwambiri monga India ndi Pakistan.
