Lachitatu, Nyumba Yamalamulo idavomereza Artificial Intelligence Act yomwe imatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kutsata ufulu wofunikira, ndikukulitsa luso.
Regulation, adagwirizana pazokambirana ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala mu December 2023, idavomerezedwa ndi a MEP ndi mavoti 523 mokomera, 46 otsutsa ndi 49 osavota.
Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe, demokalase, ulamuliro wa malamulo ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe kuchokera ku AI yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pomwe ikulimbikitsa zatsopano ndikukhazikitsa Europe kukhala mtsogoleri pamunda. Lamuloli limakhazikitsa zofunikira za AI kutengera zoopsa zomwe zingachitike komanso momwe angakhudzire.
Mapulogalamu oletsedwa
Malamulo atsopanowa amaletsa ntchito zina za AI zomwe zikuwopseza ufulu wa nzika, kuphatikiza machitidwe oyika ma biometric potengera mawonekedwe osavuta komanso kukwatula mosaganizira zithunzi zapa intaneti kapena zithunzi za CCTV kuti apange nkhokwe zozindikirika nkhope. Kuzindikira kutengeka mtima pantchito ndi masukulu, kugoletsa anthu, kulosera zapolisi (pamene zingotengera mbiri ya munthu kapena kuwunika mawonekedwe ake), ndi AI yomwe imasokoneza machitidwe a anthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ziwopsezo za anthu idzaletsedwanso.
Kusaloledwa kutsata malamulo
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma biometric identification systems (RBI) mwa olimbikitsa malamulo ndikoletsedwa kwenikweni, kupatula m'malo omwe alembedwa momveka bwino. "Real-time" RBI ikhoza kutumizidwa pokhapokha ngati chitetezo chokhazikika chikutsatiridwa, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kuli ndi malire pa nthawi ndi malo komanso kutengera chilolezo chazamalamulo kapena oyang'anira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kungaphatikizepo, mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kolunjika kwa munthu yemwe wasowa kapena kuteteza zigawenga. Kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe otere a post-facto ("post-remote RBI") amaonedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna chilolezo cha khothi kuti chigwirizane ndi mlandu.
Maudindo a machitidwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
Maudindo omveka bwino amawonekeranso pamakina ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha AI (chifukwa cha zomwe zingawononge thanzi, chitetezo, ufulu wofunikira, chilengedwe, demokalase ndi malamulo). Zitsanzo za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa AI pachiwopsezo chachikulu kumaphatikizapo zomangamanga, maphunziro ndi maphunziro aukadaulo, ntchito, ntchito zofunika zachinsinsi ndi zaboma (monga chisamaliro chaumoyo, mabanki), machitidwe ena azamalamulo, kusamuka ndi kuyang'anira malire, chilungamo ndi njira zademokalase (monga kulimbikitsa zisankho) . Machitidwe otere ayenera kuwunika ndi kuchepetsa zoopsa, kusunga zipika zogwiritsira ntchito, kukhala zowonekera komanso zolondola, ndikuwonetsetsa kuyang'anira anthu. Nzika zidzakhala ndi ufulu wopereka madandaulo okhudza machitidwe a AI ndi kulandira kufotokozera za zisankho zochokera ku machitidwe omwe ali pachiopsezo cha AI omwe amakhudza ufulu wawo.
Zofunikira zowonekera
Machitidwe a General-purpose AI (GPAI), ndi mitundu ya GPAI yomwe adakhazikitsidwa, akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina, kuphatikizapo kutsata malamulo a EU a kukopera ndi kusindikiza chidule cha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa. Mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ya GPAI yomwe ingakhale pachiwopsezo chadongosolo idzayang'anizana ndi zofunikira zina, kuphatikiza kuwunika kwachitsanzo, kuwunika ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwadongosolo, komanso kupereka lipoti pazochitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, zithunzi zongopeka kapena zosinthidwa, zomvera kapena makanema ("deepfakes") ziyenera kulembedwa momveka bwino.
Njira zothandizira zatsopano ndi ma SME
Mabokosi a mchenga owongolera ndi kuyesa kwenikweni kwapadziko lonse lapansi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamlingo wadziko lonse, ndikupangitsa kuti ma SME azitha kupezeka ndi oyambitsa, kuti apange ndi kuphunzitsa AI yatsopano isanayikidwe pamsika.
Quotes
Pamkangano wapamsonkhano Lachiwiri, a Internal Market Committee co-rapporteur Brando Benifei (S&D, Italy) anati: “Potsirizira pake tili ndi lamulo loyamba lomangirira padziko lonse la nzeru zopangapanga, kuchepetsa ngozi, kupanga mipata, kuthetsa tsankho, ndi kubweretsa chilungamo. Chifukwa cha Nyumba Yamalamulo, machitidwe osavomerezeka a AI adzaletsedwa ku Europe ndipo ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ndi nzika udzatetezedwa. Ofesi ya AI tsopano ikhazikitsidwa kuti ithandizire makampani kuti ayambe kutsatira malamulowo asanayambe kugwira ntchito. Tidawonetsetsa kuti anthu ndi zikhalidwe zaku Europe zili pachimake pa chitukuko cha AI”.
Wothandizira komiti ya Civil Liberties Committee Dragos Tudorache (Renew, Romania) adati: "EU yapereka. Tagwirizanitsa lingaliro la luntha lochita kupanga ndi mfundo zofunika zomwe zimapanga maziko a madera athu. Komabe, ntchito yambiri ili patsogolo yomwe imapitilira AI Act yokha. AI idzatikakamiza kuti tiganizirenso za mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pamtima wa demokalase yathu, zitsanzo zathu za maphunziro, misika ya anthu ogwira ntchito, ndi momwe timachitira nkhondo. Lamulo la AI ndi poyambira njira yatsopano yaulamuliro yomangidwa mozungulira ukadaulo. Tsopano tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli".
Zotsatira zotsatira
Lamuloli likadali pansi pa cheke chomaliza cha lawyer-languist ndipo akuyembekezeka kuvomerezedwa kumapeto kwa nyumba yamalamulo (kudzera mu zomwe zimatchedwa korrigendum ndondomeko). Lamuloli liyeneranso kuvomerezedwa ndi Khonsolo.
Idzayamba kugwira ntchito patatha masiku makumi awiri kuchokera pamene idasindikizidwa mu Journal Journal, ndipo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira miyezi 24 itatha kugwira ntchito, kupatulapo: zoletsedwa pazochitika zoletsedwa, zomwe zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo poyambira; machitidwe (miyezi isanu ndi inayi atayamba kugwira ntchito); malamulo a AI a cholinga chambiri kuphatikiza ulamuliro (miyezi 12 mutayamba kugwira ntchito); ndi maudindo a machitidwe omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (miyezi 36).
Background
Artificial Intelligence Act imayankha mwachindunji ku malingaliro a nzika kuchokera ku Conference on the Future of Europe (COFE), makamaka kwa malingaliro 12 (10) pakulimbikitsa mpikisano wa EU m'magawo aukadaulo, malingaliro 33 (5) pagulu lotetezeka komanso lodalirika, kuphatikiza kuthana ndi zosokoneza komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu akuwongolera, malingaliro 35 pakulimbikitsa luso la digito, (3) ndikuwonetsetsa kuyang'anira kwa anthu ndi (8) Kugwiritsa ntchito modalirika komanso moyenera kwa AI, kukhazikitsa zodzitchinjiriza ndikuwonetsetsa kuwonekera, ndi Malingaliro 37 (3) pakugwiritsa ntchito zida za AI ndi digito kuti apititse patsogolo mwayi wodziwa zambiri kwa nzika, kuphatikiza anthu olumala.
