Ofufuza apanga njira yachitetezo ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono aka ka mitundu ya AI yanjala yomwe imapereka chitetezo ku ziwonetsero ziwiri zomwe wamba.
Mapulogalamu owunika zaumoyo Itha kuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi matenda osatha kapena kukhalabe ndi zolinga zolimbitsa thupi, osagwiritsa ntchito china chilichonse koma foni yamakono. Komabe, mapulogalamuwa amatha kukhala odekha komanso opanda mphamvu chifukwa makina ophunzirira makina omwe amawapatsa mphamvu ayenera kutsekedwa pakati pa foni yamakono ndi seva yapakati yokumbukira.
Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amafulumizitsa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito zida za Hardware zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kosunthira zambiri mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Ngakhale ma accelerators ophunzirira makinawa amatha kuwongolera mawerengedwe, amatha kugwidwa ndi omwe amatha kuba zinsinsi.
Kuti achepetse chiopsezochi, ofufuza ochokera ku MIT ndi MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab adapanga chowonjezera chophunzirira pamakina chomwe chimalimbana ndi mitundu iwiri ya ziwopsezo. Chip chawo chimatha kusunga mbiri yaumoyo wa wogwiritsa ntchito, zidziwitso zachuma, kapena zidziwitso zina zachinsinsi ndikupangitsabe mitundu yayikulu ya AI kuyenda bwino pazida.
Gululo lidapanga zowonjezera zingapo zomwe zimathandizira chitetezo champhamvu ndikuchepetsa pang'ono chipangizocho. Komanso, chitetezo chowonjezera sichikhudza kulondola kwa mawerengedwe. Makina ophunzirira makinawa atha kukhala opindulitsa makamaka pakufunsira ntchito za AI ngati zenizeni zenizeni kapena kuyendetsa galimoto.
Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chip kungapangitse chipangizocho kukhala chokwera mtengo komanso chosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zina ndi mtengo wokwanira kulipira chitetezo, akutero mlembi wamkulu Maitreyi Ashok, wophunzira wamaphunziro a zamagetsi ndi sayansi ya makompyuta (EECS) ku MIT.
"Ndikofunikira kupanga ndi chitetezo m'maganizo kuyambira pansi. Ngati mukuyesera kuwonjezera chitetezo chochepa pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwadongosolo, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Tinatha kulinganiza bwino zamalondawa panthawi yomanga, "akutero Ashok.
Olemba nawo akuphatikizapo Saurav Maji, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro a EECS; Xin Zhang ndi John Cohn wa MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab; ndi wolemba wamkulu Anantha Chandrakasan, wamkulu waukadaulo waukadaulo wa MIT, wamkulu wa Sukulu ya Uinjiniya, ndi Pulofesa wa Vannevar Bush wa EECS. Kafukufukuyu adzaperekedwa ku IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.
Kutengeka kwam'mbali
Ofufuzawo adayang'ana mtundu wa makina ophunzirira othamanga omwe amatchedwa digito in-memory compute. Chip cha digito cha IMC chimawerengera mkati mwa kukumbukira kwa chipangizocho, pomwe zidutswa zamakina ophunzirira makina zimasungidwa zitasunthidwa kuchokera pa seva yapakati.
Mtundu wonsewo ndi waukulu kwambiri kuti usungidwe pa chipangizocho, koma pochiphwanya ndikuchigwiritsanso ntchito zidutswazo momwe zingathere, tchipisi ta IMC timachepetsa kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe imayenera kusunthidwa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo.
Koma tchipisi ta IMC zitha kutengeka ndi obera. Poukira m'mbali mwa njira, wowononga amawunika momwe chip chimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera kuti asinthe deta ya mainjiniya momwe chip chimawerengera. Pofufuza mabasi, wowononga akhoza kuba zidutswa za chitsanzo ndi dataset pofufuza kulumikizana pakati pa accelerator ndi off-chip memory.
Digital IMC imafulumizitsa kuwerengera pochita ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri nthawi imodzi, koma zovuta izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupewa kuukira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachitetezo zachikhalidwe, Ashok akuti.
Iye ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adatsata njira zitatu zotsekereza ziwopsezo zam'mbali ndikuyang'ana mabasi.
Choyamba, adagwiritsa ntchito njira yachitetezo pomwe deta mu IMC imagawika mzidutswa mwachisawawa. Mwachitsanzo, ziro pang'ono zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu omwe amakhalabe ziro pambuyo pochita bwino. IMC simaphatikizana ndi zidutswa zonse pakugwira ntchito komweko, kotero kuwukira kwam'mbali sikungapangenso zambiri zenizeni.
Koma kuti njirayi igwire ntchito, ma bits osasintha ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti agawanitse deta. Chifukwa digito IMC imagwira ntchito mamiliyoni ambiri nthawi imodzi, kupanga ma bits ochulukirapo kungaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kwambiri. Kwa chip yawo, ofufuzawo adapeza njira yochepetsera kuwerengera, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugawa deta ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa ma bits mwachisawawa.
Chachiwiri, adaletsa kuukira kwa mabasi pogwiritsa ntchito cipher yopepuka yomwe imasunga mtundu wosungidwa mu memory ya off-chip. Cipher yopepuka iyi imangofunika masanjidwe osavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, amangotulutsa zidutswa zachitsanzo zomwe zimasungidwa pa chip pakafunika.
Chachitatu, kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo, adapanga kiyi yomwe imachotsa cipher molunjika pa chip, m'malo moyisuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo ndi chitsanzocho. Adapanga kiyi yapaderayi kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chip yomwe imayambitsidwa panthawi yopanga, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi ntchito yosasinthika.
"Mwina waya wina ukhala wokhuthala pang'ono kuposa wina. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti tichotse ziro ndi zina kuchokera kudera. Pa chip chilichonse, titha kupeza kiyi yachisawawa yomwe imayenera kukhala yosasinthika chifukwa zinthu zosasinthika izi siziyenera kusintha pakapita nthawi, "Ashok akufotokoza.
Adagwiritsanso ntchito ma cell okumbukira pa chip, kutengera zolakwika m'maselowa kuti apange kiyi. Izi zimafuna mawerengedwe ochepa kusiyana ndi kupanga kiyi kuchokera pachiyambi.
"Popeza chitetezo chakhala chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zida zam'mphepete, pakufunika kupanga dongosolo lathunthu lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri magwiridwe antchito otetezeka. Ntchitoyi imayang'ana pa chitetezo cha ntchito zophunzirira makina ndikulongosola purosesa ya digito yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kukhathamiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono. Imaphatikizira kulumikizana kwa data pakati pa kukumbukira ndi purosesa, njira zopewera kuwukira kwapanjira pogwiritsa ntchito mosasintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthika kuti apange ma code apadera. Mapangidwe otere adzakhala ofunika kwambiri pazida zam'manja zamtsogolo, "akutero Chandrakasan.
Kuyesa chitetezo
Kuti ayese chip yawo, ofufuzawo adakhala ngati owononga ndikuyesa kuba zidziwitso zachinsinsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zam'mbali komanso zowunikira mabasi.
Ngakhale atayesa mamiliyoni ambiri, sanathe kupanganso zambiri zenizeni kapena kuchotsa zidutswa zachitsanzo kapena seti ya data. Cipher nayenso anakhalabe wosasweka. Mosiyana ndi izi, zidangotengera zitsanzo 5,000 zokha kuba chidziwitso kuchokera ku chip chosatetezedwa.
Kuwonjezera kwa chitetezo kunachepetsa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya accelerator, komanso kunkafunikanso malo akuluakulu a chip, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zodula kwambiri kupanga.
Gululi likukonzekera kufufuza njira zomwe zingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kukula kwa chip yawo m'tsogolomu, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigwiritsira ntchito pamlingo.
“Kukwera mtengo kwambiri, kumakhala kovuta kutsimikizira munthu kuti chitetezo ndichofunikira. Ntchito zamtsogolo zitha kusanthula izi. Mwina titha kuzipanga kukhala zotetezeka pang'ono koma zosavuta kukhazikitsa komanso zotsika mtengo, "akutero Ashok.
Wolemba Adam Zewe
