Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti akungoyendayenda m'firiji kuti apeze zokhwasula-khwasula patangopita nthawi yochepa atadya chakudya chokhuta akhoza kukhala ndi ma neuron ofunafuna chakudya, osati chilakolako chochuluka.
Akatswiri a zamaganizo a UCLA apeza dera muubongo wa mbewa zomwe zimawapangitsa kulakalaka chakudya ndikuchifunafuna, ngakhale alibe njala. Likakokedwa, gulu la maselo ili limapangitsa mbewa kuti zidye molimbika komanso kukonda zakudya zamafuta ndi zokondweretsa monga chokoleti kuposa zakudya zathanzi monga kaloti.
Anthu ali ndi maselo amtundu womwewo, ndipo ngati atatsimikiziridwa mwa anthu, zomwe zapezazo zitha kupereka njira zatsopano zomvetsetsa zovuta za kadyedwe.
Lipotilo, lofalitsidwa m'magazini Kulumikizana Kwachilengedwe, ndiye woyamba kupeza maselo odzipereka kufunafuna chakudya mu gawo la ubongo wa mbewa nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi mantha, koma osati ndi kudyetsa.
"Dera lomwe tikuphunzirali limatchedwa periaqueductal grey (PAG), ndipo lili mu ubongo, lomwe ndi lakale kwambiri m'mbiri ya chisinthiko ndipo chifukwa chake, ndilofanana pakati pa anthu ndi mbewa," anatero wolemba wina. Avishek Adhikari, pulofesa wothandizira wa UCLA wa psychology. “Ngakhale kuti zomwe tapeza zinali zodabwitsa, n’zomveka kuti kufunafuna chakudya kunachokera muubongo wakale kwambiri, popeza kuti nyama zonse zimafunika kudya chakudya.”
Adhikari amaphunzira momwe mantha ndi nkhawa zimathandizira nyama kuwunika zoopsa ndikuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa ziwopsezo, ndipo gulu lake lidatulukira pomwe likuyesera kuphunzira momwe malowa amakhudzira mantha.
"Kutsegula kwa dera lonse la PAG kumayambitsa mantha aakulu mwa mbewa komanso anthu. Koma titasankha mwapadera gulu la PAG neurons lotchedwa vgat PAG maselo, iwo sanasinthe mantha, ndipo m'malo mwake anayambitsa kudya ndi kudyetsa, "adatero Adhikari.
Ofufuzawo adabaya muubongo wa mbewa kachilombo kopangidwa kuti apange ma cell aubongo kupanga mapuloteni osamva kuwala. Pamene laser imawalira pama cell kudzera pa fiber-optic implant, puloteni yatsopanoyo imamasulira kuwalako kuzinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'maselo. Kachilombo kakang'ono ka microscope, kopangidwa ku UCLA ndikumata pamutu wa mbewa, kunalemba zochitika zama cell.
Atalimbikitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa laser, ma cell a vgat PAG adawombera ndikukankhira mbewa kuti iyambe kufunafuna cricket zamoyo ndi zakudya zopanda nyama, ngakhale itangodya chakudya chachikulu. Kukondowezaku kunapangitsanso mbewa kutsatira zinthu zoyenda zomwe sizinali chakudya - monga mipira ya ping pong, ngakhale kuti sizinayese kuzidya - komanso zidapangitsa mbewa kuti ifufuze molimba mtima chilichonse chomwe chili m'malo mwake.
"Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti khalidwe lotsatirali likukhudzana kwambiri ndi kufuna kusiyana ndi njala," adatero Adhikari. “Njala imaletsa, kutanthauza kuti mbewa nthawi zambiri zimapewa kumva njala ngati zingatheke. Koma amafufuza kuti ma cell awa atsegulidwe, kutanthauza kuti derali silimayambitsa njala. M'malo mwake, tikuganiza kuti derali limayambitsa chilakolako cha chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Maselo amenewa angapangitse mbewa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ngakhale popanda njala.”
Makoswe okhutitsidwa okhala ndi ma cell a vgat PAG oyambitsa amalakalaka zakudya zamafuta kwambiri, anali okonzeka kupirira kugwedezeka kwamapazi kuti awatenge, zomwe mbewa zodzaza sizingachite. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ofufuzawo atabaya kachilombo kopangidwa kuti apange puloteni yomwe imachepetsa ntchito ya ma cell pakuwala, mbewa zimadya mochepa, ngakhale zinali ndi njala kwambiri.
"Mbewa zimasonyeza kudya mokakamiza pamaso pa zotsatira zowonongeka pamene derali likugwira ntchito, ndipo samasaka chakudya ngakhale ali ndi njala pamene sichikugwira ntchito. Derali limatha kuthana ndi zovuta zanjala za momwe, zakudya komanso nthawi yodyera, "atero a Fernando Reis, wofufuza waposachedwa wa UCLA yemwe adayesa zambiri pamapepala ndipo adabwera ndi lingaliro loti aphunzire kudya mokakamiza. "Tikuchita zoyeserera zatsopano kutengera zomwe tapezazi ndikuphunzira kuti maselowa amalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zamafuta ndi shuga, koma osati masamba a mbewa, kutanthauza kuti derali litha kukulitsa kudya zakudya zopanda pake."
Monga mbewa, anthu amakhalanso ndi ma cell a vgat PAG mu ubongo. Zingakhale kuti ngati derali likugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso mwa munthu, akhoza kumva kuti apindula kwambiri mwa kudya kapena kulakalaka chakudya pamene alibe njala. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati derali silikugwira ntchito mokwanira, akhoza kukhala ndi chisangalalo chochepa chokhudzana ndi kudya, zomwe zingayambitse anorexia. Ngati apezeka mwa anthu, dera lofunafuna chakudya litha kukhala chandamale chamankhwala amitundu ina yamadyedwe.
Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi National Institute of Mental Health, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation ndi National Science Foundation.
Source: UCLA
