Bishii hore, guddiga dugsiga Tennessee loo codeeyay si wada jir ah in laga saaro buugga garaafiga ah ee ku guulaysta abaalmarinta Pulitzer “Maus” manhajka fasalka sideedaad ee degmada ee Holocaust.
Buugga dhexdiisa, sawir-gacmeedka Maraykanka ee Art Spiegelman ayaa faahfaahinaya waaya-aragnimada waalidkii ee hoggaaminta Holocaust iyo xabsigooda Auschwitz, iyo sidoo kale dhaawaciisa jiilkiisa.
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"Maus" maaha buuggii ugu horreeyay ee lagu qabto timaha isdhaafka ah ee dagaalkii dhaqameed ee ugu dambeeyay ee Ameerika: Ururka Maktabada Mareykanka ayaa arkay "Aan hore loo arag" tirada mamnuucista buugaagta ee sannadkii hore.
Buugaagta helay caqabadaha ugu badan ee maktabadaha iyo dugsiyada 2020 waxay ahaayeen kuwa wax ka qabta " cunsuriyad, taariikhda madow ee Maraykanka iyo kala duwanaanshaha Maraykanka," iyo sidoo kale kuwa udub dhexaad u ah waaya-aragnimada Jilayaasha LGBTQ+, ayuu yiri Deborah Caldwell-Stone, oo ah maamulaha Xafiiska Xorriyadda Caqliga ee kooxda.
Iyo "Maus" maaha buuggii ugu horreeyay ee ku saabsan Holocaust ee lagu magacaabo su'aal: Oktoobar, maamulaha dugsiga degmada Texas macalimiin la taliyey in haddii ay fasalkooda ku haystaan buug ku saabsan Holocaust, waa inay ku dadaalaan inay ardayda u soo bandhigaan inay buug ka helaan aragti "ka soo horjeeda".
Anne Frank's "Diary of a Young Girl" iyo buugaagta sida Lois Lowry's "Lambarka Xiddigaha,"A Newbery Billad ku guulaysta gabadh yar oo Yuhuudi ah oo ka qarinaysa Nazis si ay uga fogaato in la geeyo xerada fiirsashada, ayaa hore loo calaamadiyay sida aan habboonayn sababtoo ah waxyaabaha galmada la xiriira iyo luqadda.
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Taasi waa ugu horrayn waxa sababay guddiga waxbarashada degmada McMinn ee Tennessee inay "Maus" ka helaan manhajkeeda dugsiga dhexe, inkastoo ay xusid mudan tahay in qaawanaantu ay tahay jiirarka kartoonka.
Weli, markaad akhrinayso daqiiqadaha shirka guddiga dugsiga, Spiegelman ayaa sheegay New York Times wuxuu helay aragtida ah in xubnaha guddiga ay si dhab ah u weydiinayaan, "Maxay u baran waayeen Holocaust ka wanaagsan?"
iyada oo loo marayo Associated PressShaqaale madxaf ka shaqeeya ayaa la arkay isagoo diyaarinaya bandhig ka dhacaya Matxafka Taariikhda Yuhuudda ee Amsterdam 2008. Bandhiga, oo cinwaankiisu ahaa "Superheros iyo Shlemiels," waxaa ku jiray sheeko garaafeed ku guuleystey Pulitzer Prize "Maus" iyo sawirro majaajillo ah oo leh mawduucyo Yuhuudi ah oo muuqda ama qarsoodi ah.
Waxaa jirta sabab ay barayaashu inta badan u xilsaaraan 'Maus': Waa qalab wax barid oo aan mid kale jirin.
Mamnuucidda ayaa aad uga xumaaday Matxafka Holocaust ee Mareykanka iyo sidoo kale barayaasha, waalidiinta iyo ardayda kuwaas oo u arka buuggu inuu yahay qalab waxbarasho oo xoog leh: "Maus" asal ahaan waa buug majaajillo ah oo qaab dheer ah, markaa ma adka in la arko sababta dhallinta iyo dhallin-yarada ay ugu soo jiidanayaan.
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Sida hal waalid Twitter ayaa u dhigay: "Markii wiilkaygu 12 jir ahaa, muu ahayn aqoonyahan, marar dhif ah buu akhriyi jiray buug uu ku khasbo macallinku maahee, laakiin wuxuu jeclaa buugaagta 'Maus' oo uu si caqli iyo naxariis leh iigala hadlay Holocaust iyo saamaynta ay tahay inuu ku yeesho Yuhuudisii. qoysaska saaxiibadaa.”
Ardayga waxbarashada naafada ah, Kristen Vogt Veggeberg waxay sheegtay in argagaxa Holocaust aysan si dhab ah u quusin ilaa ay akhriday "Maus" markay ahayd 13 jir. Vogt Veggeberg ayaa u sheegtay HuffPost in ay ahayd oo ay wali tahay arday aragga; halkaas oo xisaabaadka qoraalka dhaqameed ee Holocaust iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ay ku guuldareysteen, "Maus" ayaa ku guuleystay.
"Sawirrada uu Spiegelman sawiray - qolalka gaasta, garaaca carruurta yaryar ee ghetto, soddogga hodanka ah ayaa qaylinaya markii uu ogaaday in mudnaanta uu leeyahay aysan ka badbaadinayn Auschwitz - madaxayga ayuu ku jiray markaan sii socday. Ku celcelinta masraxaygii iyo decathlons akadeemiyadeed,” Vogt Veggeberg, oo hadda ah qoraa iyo agaasime aan faa'iido doon ahayn, ayaa ku qoray email.
Markaan dhex maro dhammaan sawirada qoyska qoraaga oo la ogaaday dhammaan masiirkooda ayaa ahaa mid murugo leh oo u dhaqaaqaya xitaa dhallinta danta gaarka ah leh, waxay tiri: “Waxaan ka gilgilay fikradda ah in qoyskayga oo dhan - laga bilaabo ayeeyadayda aan jeclahay iyo ilmaadeeraday badan oo badan - waa laga tirtiri karaa dhulka."
Barayaashu waxay wadaageen waayo-aragnimadooda waxbarida "Maus" sidoo kale. Eli Savit, qareenka dacwad oogaha ee Degmada Washtenaw ee Michigan, ku qoray Twitter in uu aad ugu tiirsanaa qoraalka markii uu ahaa macalinka fasalka sideedaad ee Dugsiyada Dadweynaha ee Magaalada New York.
"Ardaydaydu - waxay markii ugu horreysay wax ka baranayeen Holocaust - way ku dhegeen," Savit ayaa yidhi. "[Waxay] si qoto dheer u fahmeen argagaxa Holocaust. Waxaan safar ku tagnay madxafka Holocaust ee dhamaadka cutubka [iyo] arday kasta oo fasalka 8-aad ah wuxuu ahaa mid adag oo si fiican u dhaqmaya. (Si loo adkeeyo: in aysan waligeed dhicin)."
Buugga waxaa ku jira aflagaado, qaawanaan iyo isdil, laakiin ma caddayn karno argagaxa Holocaust, ayuu yiri Savit. Lix milyan oo Yuhuud ah oo Yurub ah ayaa si nidaamsan oo naxariis darro ah gaajo ugu dhintay, u shaqaynayey ama gaas loo qabadsiiyey, qaarna xitaa waxaa lagu dilay tijaabooyin caafimaad.
"Maus" waxay si dhab ah u muujineysaa foolxumada Holocaust si "laba heli karo iyo mid aan laga fursan karin," Savit ayaa u sheegay HuffPost wareysi email ah.
"Dhallinyarada gaar ahaan waxay rabaan inay runta bartaan," ayuu yidhi. "Waxay rabaan in loola dhaqmo sida qaan-gaarka soo koraya ee ay yihiin, oo awood u leh inay sameeyaan go'aanno akhlaaqeed; awood u leh inuu fahmo kakanaanta; karti in runta loo sheego. Daqiiqada ay ka shakiyaan inaad wax ka ilaalinayso, waad wayday.”
Qoraaga iyo macalinkii hore ee dugsiga dhexe iyo sare Karuna Riazi Waxay sheegtay inay "ka naxsan tahay" in xitaa wax la mid ah Holocaust ay helayaan daawaynta labada dhinacba.
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Waxay u sheegtay HuffPost inay ka walaacsan tahay in mamnuucista buugaagta sida "Maus" ay la macno tahay carruurta qaarkood waligood ma heli doonaan fursad ay ku akhriyaan.
"Carruur badan oo Ameerika ku nool, maktabadahooda dugsigu waa meesha ugu ammaansan iyaga si ay u sahamiyaan fikrado cusub, wax u akhriyaan si ballaaran oo xor ah, iyo dhib la'aan," ayuu yiri Riazi, oo sidoo kale ah qoraaga sheeko-dhexe ee "Gauntlet." "Mamnuucyadani waxay ku dhufteen isla markiiba halka ay keeni doonaan dhaawaca ugu badan."
Macalimiin badan ayaa wadaagay qoraaga Gwen C. Katz's tweets viral on "pajamafication" taariikhda. Dufanka, Katz wuxuu barbardhigay "Maus" xerada fiirsashada ee John Boyne "sheeko", "Wiilkii Pajamas-ka-jeexan," maadaama kan dambe si sii kordheysa wax loogu dhigo fasallada dugsiga dhexe.
"Wiilka ku jira Pajamas-ka [ma haysto] mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha waalidku diidi karo ee aad ka heli karto Maus, Night, ama mid kasta oo ka mid ah xisaabaadka qofka koowaad ee Holocaust. Sidoo kale waa hab aad u xun oo wax lagu baro Holocaust, "Katz ayaa qoray, ka hor intaadan taxin qaar ka mid ah cilladaheeda waaweyn:
Katz waxa uu ku dooday in dooda "Maus" ee hadda jirta ay tahay "qayb ka mid ah isbeddel ballaadhan oo lagu beddelayo suugaanta loo isticmaalo in lagu baro taariikhda iyada oo la adeegsanayo waxyaabo badan oo saaxiibtinimo oo carruurta ah, 'ku habboon'."
"Waxay macnaheedu noqon kartaa in lagu beddelo 'Sheekadda Nolosha Frederick Douglass, addoon Maraykan ah' ama Solomon Northup's 'Laba iyo Toban Sano oo addoon ah' oo leh khayaali taariikhi ah oo casri ah, tusaale ahaan," ayay tidhi." "Dagaallada, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xuquuqda Madaniga ah, Apartheid: Qayb kasta oo 'qalalan' ah oo taariikhda ka mid ah waxay noqon kartaa bartilmaameed."
Runtii, bartilmaameedyadu waxay u muuqdaan inay sii kordhayaan maalinba maalinta ka dambeysa. Sida NBC News ayaa sheegtay todobaadkan Murankan "Maus" dhexdiisa, boqolaal buug ayaa laga soo saaray maktabadaha Texas si ay dib u eegis ugu sameeyaan, mararka qaarkood diidmada maktabadaha dugsiga.
Sheeko naxdin leh oo ku saabsan qisadan, waalid ku nool xaafad ka tirsan magaalada Houston ayaa ka codsaday degmada in laga saaro taariikh nololeedkii caruurtii ee marwadii hore ee Madaxweynihii hore Michelle Obama, isagoo ku andacoonaya. waxay kor u qaaday "cunsuriyada ka soo horjeeda" (Cunsurinimada ka soo horjeeda ma jirto.) Degmo kale oo ka baxsan Austin, Texas, waalid ayaa soo jeediyay in afar buug oo ka hadlaya cunsuriyadda lagu beddelo nuqullo Kitaabka Quduuska ah.
Shaqaalaha maktabadaha dugsiga ayaa dib u riixaya
Degmooyinka dugsiyada ee dalka oo dhan, maktab-yaqaannada dugsiyadu waxay hormuud ka yihiin dadaallada asaasiga ah ee lagula dagaallamayo caqabadaha buugaagta.
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Mararka qaarkood way fududahay sida in la soo bandhigo bandhigyo ay dadka qaar u qaadan karaan "mawduucyada taabanaya," oo ay ku jiraan Bisha Taariikhda Madoow iyo Bisha Kibirka.
Ira Creasman, oo ah khabiirka maktabadda dugsiga sare ee Colorado, ayaa sheegay in dhawaan loo sheegay in degmadiisa dugsigu ay joojisay faallooyinka ay soo dhigeen Facebook-ga ee u dabbaaldegaya Bisha Taariikhda Madow sababtoo ah faallooyin xun oo badan.
"In bandhig maktabad dugsi oo lagu dhejiyay shay sida Black History Month laga yaabo in loo tixgeliyo 'maado taabanaya' waa aniga aniga," ayuu u sheegay HuffPost.
Creasman waa taageere weyn ee "Maus" wuxuuna aaminsan yahay inay ku habboon tahay fasalka siddeedaad, laakiin ma dhimo baahida alaabta da'da ku habboon ee akhristayaasha da'da yar.
Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu u maleynayaa in Disney's "Zootopia" ay qabato "shaqo aad u fiican" oo muujinaysa farqiga u dhexeeya eex cad iyo mid cad, laakiin masaafada jilayaasha ayaa ah xayawaanka anthropomorphic.
"Ilitaanka sahlan ee maadooyinka adag ayaa sidoo kale waxtar leh," ayuu sharaxay. "Labadaba waan u baahanahay."
Mamnuucidii “Maus” ka dib, Julie Goldberg, oo ah khabiir maktabadeed oo ku taal Dooxada Hudson ee New York, ayaa soo bandhigtay bandhig ardayda ku dhiirigelinaysa inay qaataan sheeko garaafyo. ("Ardayda qaar ee Maraykanka looma oggola inay 'Maus' ku akhriyaan dugsigooda mar dambe," calaamaddu waxay ku qoran tahay "Waxaad tahay.")
Sida Katz, Goldberg waxa ay sheegtay in ay dhibayso "pajamasiga" taariikhda.
"Dhallinyaradu way garanayaan marka been loo sheegayo, laakiin carruurta yaryar lagama yaabo," ayay tidhi. "Markii aan nadiifinno taariikhda, waxaan ka abuurnaa fadeexad ku saabsan wax kasta oo aan dhigno marka ardaydu ogaadaan runta."
Shaqaaluhu wuxuu og yahay in ardaydeedu ay caqli badan yihiin oo ay kula halgamayaan argagaxa Holocaust, iyo sida dhabta ah iyada oo ay hoos yimaadaan hagida macalinka.
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Goldberg waxa uu ku koray Fair Lawn, New Jersey, oo ah magaalo leh dad badan oo ka badbaaday Holocaust iyo carruur iyo ayeeyo ay dhaleen kuwa badbaaday. Aabaheed wuxuu lahaa saaxiibo iyo la-shaqeeyayaal badbaado ahaa, oo nambaro lagu sawiray gacmahooda. Sannad kasta, maktabadda dadweynaha ee deegaanka ayaa lahayd sawirro laga soo qaaday xeryaha.
"Run ahaantii ma rumaysan karin markii ugu horeysay ee aan maqlo in ay jiraan kuwa diiday Holocaust," ayay u sheegtay HuffPost. "Waxay ahayd wax ka baxsan waayo-aragnimadayda! Waxay la mid ahayd inkiray dagaalkii Kacaanka. Waxaan u maleeyay inay tahay kaftan la yaab leh oo buka."
Qofna waligiis ma soo jeedin in carruurta ku nool magaalada Goldberg ay aad u da'yar yihiin inay ogaadaan Holocaust.
"Waxaan dareemayaa inaan ku dhalannay inaan ogaannay," ayay tiri. "Waa isku mid xubnaha koox kasta oo la takooro. Goorma ayaa carruurta Madow laga ilaalinayaa aqoonta cunsuriyadda? Marna.”
Fikradda ah in carruurta ka soo jeeda kooxaha aan la takoorin ay u baahan yihiin in laga ilaaliyo aqoonta addoonsiga, cunsuriyadda iyo nacaybka ayaa jahawareer ku ah maktabadda.
"Waxay abuurtaa xumbo sixir ah oo jaahilnimo ah agagaarka carruurta Masiixiyiinta ah ee cadaanka ah taas oo aan la qiyaasi karin koox kale oo carruur ah," ayay tidhi. "Waxay kor u qaadaa dambila'aantooda iyo raaxada marka loo eego qof kasta oo kale xaqiiqadiisa."
Dabcan, sida Goldberg iyo maktabadaha kale ee dalka oo dhan og yihiin, "Fafreebka jilicsan" sidaan wax cusub maaha. Iyadoo laga jawaabayo dadaalladii faafreebka ee hore, Ururka Maktabada Mareykanka habraacyo la sameeyay dugsiyada si ay uga hortagaan in si lama filaan ah oo aan loo meel dayin buugaagta looga saaro.
Penguin Young Readers School iyo Library abuuray a Buugga caqabadda bogga ilaha Macallimiinta, shaqaalaha maktabadda iyo waalidiinta inay la tashadaan haddii buug lagu xujeeyo dugsiga degmada ama maktabadda.
Mid wanaagsan oo ka iman kara muranka "Maus" hadda? Dadka da' kasta leh waxay u muuqdaan inay jecel yihiin inay akhriyaan. Sheekada garaafyada tobanaan sano jir ah kor u kacay ilaa No. 1 ee liiska iibiyeyaasha Amazon ee usbuucii la soo dhaafay.
Sida maktabadda dugsiga sare iyo martigeliyaha podcast Amy Hermon ayaa u sheegtay HuffPost: "Ma jiraan wax ardayda ku qasbaya inay akhriyaan buug ka badan inay u sheegaan in buuggu mamnuuc yahay."
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