Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun sake nazarin abincin Paleo na mutanen da aka gano gawarwakinsu a farkon wuraren Neolithic a Girka, kuma sun gano cewa abincin da suke ci ya ƙunshi abinci ne na tsire-tsire, wanda adadinsu ya kai kashi 58.7 zuwa 70.1 bisa ɗari. Wannan a bayyane yake ƙasa da na mutanen da suka fito daga tsohuwar rukunin Anadolu na Neval-Chori, inda kayan dabbobi ke da kusan kusan kashi goma na abinci. Masanan kimiyya sun lura cewa tattalin arzikin Neolithic yawan mutanen Girka ya kasance mai sassauƙa: haɓakar kiwo na dabbobi a hankali yana tare da adana farauta. An ruwaito wannan a cikin labarin da aka buga a cikin Journal of Archaeological Science: Rahotanni.
Tsarin sauye-sauye daga yanayin da ya dace zuwa tattalin arziki mai albarka (Juyin juya halin Neolithic) yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka canza a tarihin ɗan adam. Haɓaka amfanin gonakin hatsi ya fara ba a baya ba fiye da karni na 10 BC a yawancin cibiyoyi na Crescent mai albarka, daga inda irin wannan noma ya bazu zuwa sauran Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai. Ba da daɗewa ba, mutane suka fara aikin gida na mouflon na Asiya (Ovis gmelini), goat bezoar ( Capra aegagrus) da kuma tur (Bos primigenius). Baƙi ne daga yankin Anatoliya suka kawo aikin noma zuwa Turai, waɗanda suka raba yawancin mazauna yankin. Don haka, an fara neolithization na Girka a shekara ta 6800 BC, kuma kimanin shekaru 5000 da suka wuce an kammala wannan tsari a kusan dukkanin nahiyar.
Gisela Grupe, tare da takwarorinsu na Jami'ar Munich, sun sake nazarin sakamakon bincike na barga isotopes na carbon da nitrogen a cikin collagen kashi, wanda aka samu a lokacin nazarin ragowar Neolithic manya. Waɗannan bayanan suna magana ne akan wuraren Girkin Neolithic na farko: Mavropigi (6600-6000 BC), Theopetra (6500-4000 BC), Xirolimni (6100 BC), Alepotripa (6000-3200 BC) da Franhti (6000-3000 BC). Binciken Paleobotanical da binciken burbushin halittu na waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon sun nuna cewa cin abinci na mazauna gida ya dogara ne akan tsire-tsire na C3. Ƙarin tushen abinci shine naman dabbobin gida, sau da yawa - na daji. Bugu da ƙari, a wurare biyu na ƙarshe, abincin ya hada da molluscs na ruwa da kifi. Don kwatantawa, masana kimiyya sun zana bayanai daga wurin Anatolian Nevaly-Chori, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin ƙauyuka na Neolithic pre-ceramic (kimanin 8420-7470 BC).
Masana kimiyyar halittu sun ruwaito cewa mazauna Nevala-Chori sun fi samun furotin ta hanyar amfani da tsire-tsire na C3 (kashi 87). Sauran tushen furotin sun kasance daji (gazelles: 0-9.5 bisa dari, jajayen barewa: 1.5-3 bisa dari) da kuma gida (0-11.1 bisa dari). A matsakaici, abincin waɗannan mutane ya ƙunshi abincin nama kashi goma. Mutane biyar ne kawai, suna yin la'akari da ƙimar isotopes na nitrogen, sun cinye ƙarin furotin na dabba. Mutanen daga shafukan Mavropegy da Theopetra sun rayu a kan abinci iri ɗaya daidai, wanda, a cewar masana kimiyya, ba abin mamaki ba ne saboda wurin da waɗannan abubuwan tunawa da lokacin wanzuwa. Don haka, mazauna Mavropegy sun fi cinye tsire-tsire na C3 (kashi 69.4), naman barewa (kashi 14.6), tumaki da awaki (kashi 8.4) da shanu (kashi 7.5). Mutanen daga Theopetra sun cinye tsire-tsire na C3 kaɗan (kashi 61.1), amma ƙarin abincin nama, galibi saboda haɓakar adadin dabbobin gida (kashi 31.6). Masana kimiyya sun kasa gina abin koyi don abin tunawa na Xirolimni.
Nazarin abubuwan tarihi na bakin teku ya haifar da sakamako daban-daban. Don haka, mutanen Alepotripa suma sun ci C3 shuka (kashi 58.7), naman dabbobin gida (kashi 29.2) da barewa (kashi 12). Ko da yake ƙila an haɗa kifi da abincin teku a cikin abincin, gudummawar da aka bayar daga wannan tushen abinci ba ta da yawa, daga kashi 0 zuwa 2.5 bisa ɗari. A gefe guda kuma, ana ganin cin kifin teku (tuna) a fili a wurin tunawa da Franhti (kashi 6). Sai dai kuma ko a can, babban tushen abinci shine tsiro (kashi 70.1), da naman tumaki da na akuya (kashi 11.9) da barewa (kashi 12.2).
Masana kimiyyar halittu sun kammala cewa a cikin dukkanin al'ummomin da aka yi nazari, abincin yau da kullum ya ƙunshi yawancin tsire-tsire na C3 - hatsin daji da na gida. Mutum ɗaya ne kawai daga Anatolia ya cinye babban adadin tsire-tsire na C4 kuma, a fili, ɗan ƙaura ne. Shaida daga tsoffin abubuwan tunawa sun nuna cewa farkon mutanen Neolithic sun rayu akan cin ganyayyaki. Tattalin arzikin wadannan mutane ya canza sannu a hankali saboda karuwar gudummawar abincin nama, kuma naman naman a hankali an maye gurbinsu da kayan kiwon dabbobin gida. Masana sun jaddada cewa wani muhimmin al'amari na tattalin arziki na farkon al'ummomin Neolithic shine sassauci. Don haka, mutane ba su yi watsi da farauta gaba ɗaya ba, wanda ke ba da tabbacin samar da nama ko da a lokutan da dabbobin gida suka mutu, alal misali, a lokacin annoba.
Hoto: Sidney Sebald et al. / Journal of Archaeological Science: Rahotanni, 2022
