Alwala wani bangare ne na ibadar Musulunci. Hatta salla, wadda tana daya daga cikin rukunan Musulunci, ana ganin bata da inganci sai dai idan an riga an yi wankan tsarki (K.5:6). Wato ingancin sallar musulmi ya dogara ne da tsaftar jiki. Akwai hadisi na musamman mai karfafa gwiwa dangane da alwala: ‚An kar~o daga fa]in Usman bn Affan Allah Ya yarda da shi ya ce: Manzon Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ya ce: “Zunubi za su fita daga jikin wanda ya fara yin wanka. alwala yadda ya kamata, har ma yana fitowa daga karkashin farcensa “(Muslim)”77. A shari'a, ana yin alwala a cikin wadannan lokuta:
Akan Sallah
Yayin aikin Hajji
Idan mutum ya rantse zai yi alwala
Idan bakace ka taba Alqur'ani da jiki
Hakanan an wanke Kur'ani da kansa, shafukansa, inda aka rubuta sunan Allah ko Muhammad, idan ya shiga wani wuri marar tsarki.
Gabaɗaya, duk wani taɓa Alƙur’ani (a cikin Larabci) dole ne a riga an yi alwala: “Waɗanda aka tsarkake daga ƙazanta kawai, waɗanda suka yi alwala, su taɓa Alƙur’ani mai girma” (K.56: 79,80). Amma idan an fassara kur'ani daga Larabci zuwa wani harshe kuma aka buga shi da haruffan da ba na larabci ba, to ba a bukatar alwala. Musulmai suna daukar Alkur'ani mai tsarki ne kawai idan an buga shi da Larabci. "Mun saukar da Kur'ani da Larabci - a cikin harshensu (Larabawa - mushrikai - marubuci) - ba tare da wani curvature" (K.39:28). Idan muka yarda da wannan koyaswar, to, dole ne Allah ya fahimci harshen Larabci kawai, tun da Kur'ani, bisa ga koyarwar Musulunci, ya kasance a cikin tunanin Allah, kuma kalmarsa ce (hakika, Larabci). Wannan koyaswar keɓantawar harshen Larabci ta sake bayyana mana ƙwararrun ƙwararru, yanayin ɗariƙar Islama, wanda tsarin ceto yana aiki ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar kuma ya daina aiki a wajenta.
Akwai ra'ayi cewa abin da aka ambata a sama game da taɓa Kur'ani kawai ta tsarkakakku (K.56:79) yana da alaƙa da "Alƙur'ani na asali", watau "al-lauh al-mahfuz - allunan sama wanda ke kiyaye shi. Allah (K.56:77). Ta “tsarkake” a wannan yanayin, ana nufin mala’iku. Ga mutane, wannan alamar tana da ma'ana ta zahiri kuma tana nuna rashin yanayin ƙazanta da abubuwan ƙazanta. Haka nan kuma rashin yin alwala a wannan harka ba ya sanya musulmi ya zama “kafiri”.
Haka nan ana wajabta wankan farilla bisa ga Shari'a a cikin wadannan abubuwa:
Bayan jima'i
Bayan haihuwa
Bayan taba gawa
Bayan wankan jana'izar mamacin
Alwala wajen yin rantsuwa ko bakance
Ana iya yin alwala da ruwa da yashi. Ita kanta alwala nau'i uku ne:
Cikakken nutsewa cikin ruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a bambanta cikakken wanka daga wanka a cikin kogi, tafkin ko wanka don wanka da jin dadi, wanda ba wanka ba ne.
Dusar da hannu da fuska cikin ruwa (irtimasi).
Jika wasu sassan jiki da ruwa (wudu).
Sharia ta dage da kiyaye hakikanin sharuddan alwala na ruwa. Ruwan alwala dole ne ya kasance mai tsarki ba sata ba. An haramta amfani da ruwan da aka zuba a faranti na zinari ko azurfa wajen alwala. An haramta jita-jita da aka yi da zinariya ko azurfa ba kawai a yi amfani da su a ko'ina ba, har ma a yi, ko saya, sayarwa ko musayar. Hakanan an haramta amfani da tasoshin (jita-jita) daga kasusuwan kare, alade ko gawa. Ana ba da izinin yin amfani da abubuwan da aka yi da ƙarfe masu daraja kawai idan sun kasance masu nakasu sosai (bayan ganewa), da kuma idan an haɗa nau'in ƙarfe (idan ba mai daraja ba zai yi nasara a cikinsa a cikin kashi dari). Ruwa ko abincin da ke cikin jita-jita na zinariya ko na azurfa ba a la'akari da ƙazantacce ba, amma ana iya amfani da su daga jita-jita marasa daraja kawai. Har ila yau, an yarda da amfani da jita-jita idan ba a san abin da aka yi da su ba. Ba a haramta amfani da fenti na zinariya ko azurfa ba. Dalilin irin wannan haramcin na “zinariya” “ya biyo baya ne daga koyarwar Musulunci gabaɗaya, wanda ke yin Allah wadai da wuce gona da iri kan kayan duniya da dukiya. A cewar malaman tauhidin musulmi, dukiyar duniya tana shagaltuwa da raunana sha’awar mumini na cika ayyukan addini da son lahira. Kafin alwala ana so a fita daga bukata. Idan mutum ya shiga bayan gida bayan alwala, to dole ne ya sake yin alwala a karo na biyu sannan sai bayan ya ci gaba da sallah.
Dangane da wankin yatsun kafa, wani dalibin Imam Malik bn Anas Ibn Wahb ya ce: “Da na ji wani ya tambayi Malik game da wanke kafarsa a lokacin da yake yin Uudu (alwala ko kuma wata dabi’ar tsarki da ake bukata don yin farillai – marubuci). wanda ya amsa da cewa "Bai kamata mutane su yi haka ba." Na dakata har sai da akasarin jama'a suka fice daga da'irar karatu na sanar da shi cewa akwai hadisi daya game da wannan. Sai ya ce wane irin Hadisi ne, sai na ce: Al-Layt ibn Sad, da Ibn Luhaya, da Amr bn Al-Kharis suka ba da labari daga Al Mustaurid Shidad Al-Kurashi cewa ya ga Manzon Allah (s). yana shafa dan yatsa tsakanin yatsun kafa. Malik ya ce: "Hakika wannan hadisi ne mai kyau wanda ban taba ji ba." Daga baya sai naji ana tambayar Malik akan wanke-wanke tsakanin yatsun kafa, sai ya dage sai a wanke wannan wuri. (Ibn Abi Hatim, “Al Jarh wat – Tadil” (Hyderabad, India: Majlis Dairah al Maarif al Uthmaniyya, 1952), gabatarwa, shafi na 31-33″ 80.
Ana ɗaukar wanke ƙafafu ba tare da cire takalma ko safa ba. Duk da haka, idan akwai sanyi mai tsanani ko kuma haɗarin da za a iya satar takalma ko kuma kwari ya yi wa ƙafar ƙafa, alwala ba tare da cire takalma ba. Idan a lokacin sallah mutum ya yi shakku kan ko ya yi alwala daidai, to sallarsa ba ta da inganci kuma dole ne a yanke shi.
Dangane da fahimtar ayar game da wanke hannaye: “.. ku wanke fuskokinku da hannayenku har zuwa gwiwar hannu…” (K.5: 6) akwai ra’ayoyi guda biyu. Na farko sai da daliban Abu Hanifa Zufar da Ibn Daoud Az-Zahiri da wasu daga cikin daliban Malik. Sun yarda da kalmomin "har zuwa gwiwar hannu", a ma'anar - ba mafi girma fiye da gwiwar hannu ba. (Muhammad ibn Ali Ash – Shaukani, “Nail Al Autar”) limamai hudu duk na na biyu ne. Sun gaskata cewa wannan ayar tana nufin: “har zuwa gwiwar hannu, har da gwiwar hannu.” ("Al Insaf fi Bayan Asbab al Ikhtilaf") sun kafa ra'ayinsu akan ingantattun hadisai da suka yi magana kan yadda Muhammadu ya yi alwala. “Nuaym Ibn Abdillah Al Mujmir ya ruwaito cewa: “Na ga Abu Hurairah yana alwala. Sai ya wanke fuskarsa gaba daya, sannan ya wanke hannunsa na dama, gami da bangaren samanta… sai ya ce: “Na ga Manzon Allah (s) yana aikata Oudu haka.” , v.1.S.156, Na 477)81.
Wankan sassa daban-daban na jiki yana tare da karatun addu'o'i na musamman, wanda shi kansa yana dagula wannan tsari kuma yana bukatar sanin wadannan addu'o'in da zuciya daya. Kafin a fara alwala, sai mutum ya duba cikin ruwan, sai ya ce: “Bismillahi, na rantse da Allah, tsarki ya tabbata ga Allah, wanda ya tsarkake ruwa, bai sanya shi datti ba. Kafin a wanke hannu, dole ne mutum ya ce: “Ya Allah, Ka karɓe ni a cikin masu tuba da tsarkaka.” Lokacin da ake kurkure baki: “Ya Allah, ka zama shaidana a ranar da zan hadu da kai. Ka koya mini harshe don tunawa da kai.” Lokacin wanke hanci: "Ya Allah kada ka haramta mini iskõki na sama, ka karɓe ni a cikin masu kamshin iskar sama, da ruhinta da kyawunta." Idan ana wanke fuska ana cewa: “Ya Allah ka sanya fuskata farar fata”. Lokacin wanke hannun dama: "Ya Allah ka nuna mini littafina a dama da dawwama a cikin aljanna ta hagu." Yayin wanke hannun hagu, mutum ya ce: “Ya Ubangiji, kada ka ba ni Littafina daga gefen Arewa da bayana kuma kada ka sanya shi a daure a wuyana. Ina neman tsarinka daga wuta (Jahannama)”. Yayin wanke kai, ana cewa: “Ya Allah kada ka hana ni rahamarKa, albarkarKa, Ka karbi tubana”. A lokacin da ake wanke ƙafafu ana cewa: “Ya Allah ka ƙarfafa ƙafafuna, idan tafarki ta zame, Ka sa ni sha’awa a gare ka. Ya ma’abocin dukiya da karimci!”
Wajibi ne a fara alwala a kan lokaci domin a samu lokacin fara sallah. A sharia, alwala ana ganin bata da inganci idan wanda aka riga aka wanke fuska da hannaye sun samu lokacin bushewa kafin wanke kafafu. Sai a wanke sassan jiki domin a lokacin alwala dukkansu sun jike.
Ga masu raunin jiki (rauni, ulcer), Sharia ta tanadi wasu dokoki na musamman na alwala. Irin wannan alwala ita ake kira “jabriye” (tilastawa). Misali, idan mutum yana da gyambon ciki a hannunsa, wanda ke haifar da hatsarin gurbacewar ruwa, sai ya cire bandejin ya wanke raunin. Idan har yanzu ba za a iya yin haka ba, Shari'a ta bukaci a canza bandeji, bayan haka sai a shafa fuskarsa da ruwa da hannu ko kuma a yi alwala da busasshiyar yashi mai tsafta.
Al’adar wanke-wanke da yashi (tayyom) (K.4:43; 5:6) siffa ce ta mazauna jeji, inda mutum ba zai iya samun ruwa kodayaushe ba. Baya ga yashi, irin wannan wankan kuma ya hada da wanka da kasa da yumbu. Yin wanka tare da yashi mai zafi shima yana da tasirin kashe kwayoyin cuta, yana taimakawa wajen lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da cire ƙazanta daga tufafi. Mafi dacewa da aiki - uku a daya! Baya ga yashi, Sharia ta ba da damar yin wanka da alabaster da lemun tsami (ba mai zafi ba).
Notes:
77.Alwala partil (wudu). https://www.islamnn.ru/
78.GMKerimov. Sharia. Dokokin rayuwar musulmi. Babi na 4. Haramcin Sharia. https://rogtal - sgedo.ru
79.Encyclopedia mai amfani. Tushen madaidaicin rayuwa ta ruhaniya. A cewar ayyukan St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov). SPb. SATIS WUTA .2005 Ss.64,65,69.
80.An karbo daga Abu Amin Bilal Phillips. Juyin Halitta Fiqhu. Imamai da Taqlid. https://ksunne.ru/istoriya/evoluciya.index.htm
81.An karbo daga Abu Amin Bilal Phillips. Juyin Halitta Fiqhu. Babban dalilan rashin daidaiton fatawa. https://ksunne.ru/istoriya/evoluciya.index.htm
Source: Babi na 8. Rites a cikin Islama - Sharia mara tsammani [Text] / Mikhail Rozhdestvensky. - [Moscow: bi], 2011. - 494, [2] shafi. (a cikin Rashanci)
